MATHEMATICAL TOOLS CHAPTER Recap of Early Classes Mathematics is the language of physics. it becomes easier to describe, understand end apply the physical principles, if onehas a good knowledge of mathernatics. in the present coursewe shall be constantly using the techniques of algebra, trigonometry and geometry as well as vector algebra, differential calculus and integral calculus. In this chapter we shall discuss the latter three topics. Sn 10 VECTORS .0 COORDINATE GEOMETRY 11 Unit Vector TA Axisor Axes 1.2 Geometical Representation of Vectérs 12. Postion of a antthay plane 1.3. Addition of Vectors: The Tranalé Law ae. 1.4 Addition of more than two Vectors 1.5. Subtraction of Vectors hi. epi 1.6 Muliplyingby a number DIFFEBENQAL CALCULUS 1.7 Resolution ofa Vector nto Componerle 9.1. “Average rate of change LB Cartesian components in GIanaR 92 Mlnstanlaneous rate of change 1.9 Cartesian asmponentsin three dimensions 9.3% First Derivatives of Commonly used 1.10 Equal Vectors Functions 1.11 Parallel Vectors 94 Method of Differentiation or Rules of 1.12 "Product of Vectors 1.13 Scalar oFot product of two vectors 9.5 Sum or Subtraction of Two functions 1.14 Vector or eross product of two vectors Product of two functions : Product rule QUADRATIC EQUATION BINOMIAL EXPRESSION 3.1 Binomial Theorem 32 Binomial Approximation LOGARITHM COMPONENDO AND DIVIDENDO RULE | 10.0 RATE OF CHANGE OF A VECTOR WITH 5.1 Astute progresion (AP) TIME 5.2 Geometrical Progression (GP) 101 Methods of differentiation of vector ANGLE functions 6.1 System of measurement of an angle INTEGRAL CALCULUS TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS (TRATIOS) 111 Definite Integation 7.1 ‘Figonometicldentities 112 Areaundera curve and definite integration 72 Four Quadranisand ASIC Rule ey Tiigonometrical Ratios of General Angles (Reduction Formulae) Addition/Subtraction Formulae for eee Tiigonometrical Ratios EXERCISE2 Small Angle Approximation EXERCISE-3 Maximum and Minimum Values of Some useful Tigonometric Functions REAR LONG REVIston EXERCASE: Division of two functions : Quotient rule 9.8 Functionof Functions: Chain rule Maximum and Minimum value of a Function Average value of a continuous funciionin anintervalEA i Soeererers Mathematical Tools SECTION [A] : VECTORS Precise description of laws of physics and physical phenomena requires expressing them in form of mathematical ‘equations. In doing so we encounter several physical quantities, some of them have only magnitude and other have direction in addition to magnitude. Quantities of the former kind are referred as scalars and the latter as vectors and mathematical operations with vectors are collectively known as vector anaiysis. 1.0 VECTORS aa Avvector has both magnitude and sense of direction, and follows triangle law of vector addition. For example, displacement, velocity, and force are vectors. ‘Vector quantities are usually denoted by putting an arrow over the corresponding letter, as A or 3. Sometimes in print work (books) vector quantities are usually denoted by boldface letters as A or a. Magnitude of a vector A is a positive scalar and written as |Al onA. Vector Itis mathematical way to express direction of a veclor and defined by the ratio of a vector tits magnitude, When a unit vector is multiplied with a scalar magnitude, we get a vector of corresponding magnitude in the direction of the unit vector. A unit vector is usually repteserited by putting a sign (") known as cap, hat or caret over aletter assigned fo the unit vector. This letter may be the same es used for the vector, or its lower ease letter, or some other symbol. For example, if we assign lower case letter a, to unit'vector in the direction of vector A, the unit vector denoted by a is expressed by the following equation, Asana Geometrical Representation of Vectors ao Geometrically a vectofis represented by a directed straight-line segment drawn to a scale. Starting point of the directed line segments Iniown as tail and the end-point as arrow, head, or tip. The orientation of the line and, the arrow collectively show the dinéetion and the'lenath of the line drawn to a scale shows the magnitude. Forexemple lt a particle moves ftom point A to Bfolowing a curvilinear path shown in the figure. It displacement vector isstraight ine AB ditected form Ato B, If stfaight-line distance between Aand Bis 25m, the directed line segment ha to be dravm to suitable scale, we assume the scale 1.0cm = 10m, the geometrical length of the displacement vector AB must be 2.5 cm. Arrow B B Displacement Tail ba Geometrical representation of Displacement Vector 1:9 Agaition of Vectors: The Triangle Law Use of geometyy in solving problems involving vectors is of fundamental nature. The triangle law also uses principles of plane geometry. This law states: The vectors to be added are drawn in such a manner thatthe tail ofa vector eoineides the tip of the preceding, vector (in tip to tail fashion}; their resultantis defined by the vector drawn from the tal ofthe fist vector to the tip of the second vector. The two vectors to be added and their resultant are coplanar. Consider vectors A and B shown in the flgure-1, Using the triangle law, we obtain geometrical construct shown in the figure-II, where itis shown that two vectors and their sum A+B alweus make a closed triangle. we change order of vector A\ and B,, itshownin figuesIl that sum given by equation C= B +A remain unchanged. Therefore, vector addition iseommutative.JEE-Physics Fig (i) Fig. di) Fig. Gi) Construction, which is combination of the figure-II and Il, n form of a parallelogram andl is shown in figure-IV. x Bsind x Boos Geometry of the above figure suggests the following results. 3-tan2{—Bsin® C= VA? +B +2ABoose + = "la Boog Tilustrations Mlustration 1. Avector A and B make angles of 20° and 110° respectively withthe X-axis. The magnitudes of these vectors are fm and 12m respectively, Find their resultant vector. Solution Angle between the! A and B = 110%20°= 90° eR 12 R= JA? + BF + 2AB 60390 13m Let angle of R from A isa Bsind 90 2x1” _ 12 tana = 2 AtBoos8 5+12c0s90 5#12 x0 or a= tan (2) with yeotor A @F (or + 20") with X-axis Mlustration 2. ‘Two forces each numerically equal to 10 dynes are acting es shown in the figure, then find resultant Of these two vectors, / Solution The angle 8 between the two vectors is 120° and not 60". R= \(LOP + (107 +2(10KL0¥e081207) =(Y100+ 100-100 = 10 dyne 1.4 Addition of more than two Vectors a The triangle law can be extended to define axidition of more than two vectors. Accordingly, if vectors to be added are drawn in tip to tail fashion, resultant is defined by a vector drawn from the tail of the first vector to + the tip of the last vector. This is also known as the polygon rule for vector addition. 10 dene Operation of addition of three vectors A, B and © and theirresultant B are shown in figure é ; : y 3 AsBeC=3 % i z iEA i Soeererers Mathematical Tools 47 Here it is not necessary that three or more vectors and their resultant are coplanar: In fact, the vectors to be added and their resultant may be in different planes. However if ll the vectors to be added are coplanar, their resultant must also be in the same plane containing the vectors. Subtraction of Vectors ao Avvector opposite in direction but equal in magnitude to another vector A is known as negative vector of A Itis written as ~A., Addition of a vector and its negative vector results a vector of zero magnitude, which is known asa null vector. A null vector is denoted by arrowed zero (0) The idea of negative vector explains operation of subtraction as addition of negative vector: Accordingly to subtract a vector from another consider vectors A and B shown in the figure. To subtract B from A, the negative vector -B is added to A according to the triangle law as shown in figure-IL x A B — a we Multiplying by a Number an Multiplication by a positive number changes magnitude of the vector but not the direction and multiplicati by anegative number changes magnitude and reverses direction. Thus n ltiplyinga vector by a number n makes magnitude 6f the vector n Here 4 denotes the unit ¥ector in the direction of vector Aly Resolution of a Vector into Components. ae Followinglaws of vééior addition, a vector can be represented as a sum of two (in two-dimensional space) or three (in thtee-dimensional space) vectors each along predetermined directions. These directions are called axes and parts of the original vector alona these axes are called components of the vector. Cartesian Components in Two Dimer oa If avectoris resolved into its components along mutually perpendicular directions, the components are celled Cartesian or rectangular components. figure iSsshown, a vector A resolved into its Cartesian components A, and A, along the x and y-axis. Maanitudes A, and A, of these components are given by the following equation, A=Acos) and A, = Asin® i+Ay) Aa JAP+A, Here 7 and j are the unit vectors for x and y coordinates respectively. ‘Mathematical operations e.g, addition, subtraction, differentiation and integration can be performed independently on these components, Thisis why in most ofthe problems use of Cartesian components becomes desirable.JEE-Physics 4.9 Cartesian componen A.vector A resolve intoits three Caresian components one along each ofthe dections x.y, and z-axisis shownin the figure AeA +A +A Ai ajeA.ks Ax JA a AS HAD 1.10 Equal Vectors ac ‘Two vectors of equal magnitudes and same directions are known as equal vectors. Theirx, y and z components 1 the same coordinates system must be equal Ietwo vectors 4 = agi + ay} a,K and 6 = Bis by] bel are equal vectors, wehave =b > a=baxt », and a=b, 4.11 Parallel Vectors ac ‘Two parallel vectors must have the saime dit jon and may have unequal magnitudes. Their x, y and z components in the same coordinate system bear the same fatioy Consider two vectors 422, i+a,j+ a,k and b = b, if byjsb,k, if they are parallel, we have aa. BEGINNER'S BOX- Addition of vectors and Resolution 1. Themaximum value of magnitude of (AB) is: (a)A-B (B)A (A+B (D) la? +B?) 2 Theresultantiof two forces-5 newtons and 10 newtons can never be : (ay12N (B)5N (C)10N (Dan 3. Vectors A, & and © are shown in figure. Find angle between, @) A and B (i) R na S (ii) B onaEA i Soeererers Mathematical Tools ‘The forces, each numerically equal to 5N, are acting as shown in figure. Find the angle between forces ? SN 60" 5. Twoforce F; and F are acting at tight angles to each other, find their resultant ? ON 6. The vector sum of the forces of 10 Nand 6Nean be : (ay2n (B)8N (C)18N (D)20N 7. Thexand y components of a force are 2N and ~3N. The force is: (A) 21-3] (B) 21+3] {(C) -2i-3} {D) 31+2} 8. Write the unit vectorin the direction of A, 4.12 Product of Vectors aq Inall physical situation, whose description involve produet of two veetors, only two categories are observed. (One category where product is also a vector involves multiplication of magnitudes of two vectors and sine of the angle between them, while the other category where product is ascalar involves muliplication of magnitudes of two vectors and cosine of the angle between them. Accordingly, we define 1wokinds of product operation, ‘The former category is known as vector of eross product and the latter category as scalar or dot product. 13 Scalar or Dot Product of Two Vectors ao ‘The scalar product of two vectors A and B, eqdalsto the product of their magnitudes A and the cosine of the angle © between them, A.B ABeos# = OA OB-cos6 ‘The above equation can also be waritten inthe following wavs. (A cos8)B = OP-OB A.B = A(Beos8) =OA-00 o oO B Above two equations and figures, sugaest a scalar product as product of magnitude of the one vector and ‘magnitude of the éomponent of another vector in the direction of the former vector: Illustrations Mlustration 3. If |A+B/=1A—B1, thentind the anglebetween A and B. A-B] +. JA +BP +2AB cos = JA” +BP—2AB cos or A’ + BP + 2AB cos 0 = A’ + BP -2AB cos Hor cos 0 = 1 Solution + |AeBi ¢ IMustration 4. If A nj—2k and B = 2i+3}+Kk. then find the value of nso that AB. Solution Dot product of two mutually perpendicular vectors is zero A.B = 0 (4i-+ nj -28).(21 +3} +R) =O (4 2)+(n«3)+(-2«1)=0 > 3nJEE-Physics ey ABLEN 1.14 Vector or Cross Product of Two Vectors ao ‘The vector product € of two vectors A and B is defined as Its magnitude isthe product of magnitudes of A and Band of the sine of angle © between vectors A and B lis ditection is perpendicular to the plane containing vectors A. and Band is decided by right hand rule by curling fingers in the direction from the first vector towards the second vector. In figure, where it is represented ba =A» B=(ABsind)-A B e ic ® ‘To biave different symbols for scalar and vector produds, syfhbolg dot (.) and cross (x) respectively are written between the vectors undleracing these operations. Cross product @ =AxB=A(Bsind)a =AxB tan als6 be vaitten inthe following ways. FAP=Asind x P ° ° E ‘The above two equations and figures explain that the magnitude of vector or cross product is the product of magnitude of one veetor and magnitude of the component of the other vector in the direction perpendicular to the first one. Tilustrations Mlustration 5. Find a.unit vector perpendicular to both the vectors (2{ +3} +k) an Solution Let A=9)+3}+K and ~j+2k unit vector perpendicular to both A and B 1 | 16 +1)- jl4—)+ k-2-3) SEH E 1 f= (i -3}-519 i 3-50) 21 i EA 7 Ft Mathematical Tools Product of Vectors 1. Theangles which | +] +/2k makes with x-axis, y-axis and z-axis respectively are : (A) 60", 60° and 45° (B)60", 45° and 45° (C) AEP, 45 and 45% ——_(D) 60°, 60° and 60” 2. The magnitude of scalar product of two vectorsis and tha of vector products 8 y . The angle between them is: (aso (B)60° (cya (D) 160° & vector & points vertically downward and & points towards eas, then the vector product AB is: (A) Alona west {B) Aongeast (C)Zero (D)Noneof above 4. = 21 +8) 44K and b= 41 +3) +2k. find the anglebelween g and B- 5 Re sjekand B=2i+] find (@) AB tb) AB 60P inthe figure, find (a) AB (8) | cB] 6 WyalaajB]=3e4 6 “ A SECTION [B] : ELEMENTARY ALGEBRA 2.0 QUADRATIC EQUATION oo ‘An algebraic equation of second order highest power of the variable is equal to 2} is called a quadratic equation, The equation aX? bx + ¢ = 0..u(i)is the generalform of quadratic equation where av0, The general solution of above equalionis ba Vb —4ac 2a If values of x be x, and Xpthen x, Here x, and x, are Galled oats of equation (i). We can easily see that sun afrools =, +4, =~ © and preduct of ots Illustrations Mlustration 6. Find roots of equation 2x? -x -3 = 0. Solution Compare this equation with standard quadratic equation ax? + bx + b=-1,c=3, we have Now from x= ~btve®=dee ,, -Mtvt Ay -4(2)-3) 2a 2(2) yee LEVEe 2S 145 6 Ly tae 4. 4 4 4JEE-Physics stration 7. In quadratic equation ax + bx + discriminant D = b# ~ ac, then roots of quadratic equation are: {a) real and distinct, if D > 0 (b) real and equal (repeated roots}, if D= 0 {c) non-real (imaginary), if D < 0 (d) None of the above Ans. (ABC) 3.0 BINOMIAL EXPRESSION ao ‘An algebraic expression containing two terms is called a binomial expression. 1 For example (a+b), (a+b), (2x—3y) (+4) etc, are binomial expressions, 3.1 Binomial Theorem ao chy cat erat yt ODD gee tem elo), fob)" =a name! OS fle (x)! = Teme Os! 44 3.2 Binomial Approximation ao Ifis very small, then terms containing higher powers of x can be neglected so (14x = 1+ nx Illustrations Mlustration 8) >The mass m of abody moving with a Velocity vis given by m= body = 10kg and c = seed ot light = 3 x 10° mis, Find the value of m at v = 3 x 10' mis. vy* sxio'y] ea eee mone(1-S5] nop (212) of wl ay. 10 5 wailed) [e1023,-2000% 4.0 LOGARITHM aa Common formulae + logmn = loam tog n slog ™ stogm-logn + log m* = n loam + Jog, m = 2,303 log,,in :1 i i EA i ss Mathematical Tools Illustrations 0.4771, find the value of log 28 Mlustration 9. Iflog2 = 0.3010 and log y2_1 Solution 1og v24 = logi2ay'? =F logl2* x3) = Jlblog2 + 109d] = $190:3010+-0.4771 5.0 COMPONENDO AND DIVIDENDO RULE aa Pla. pta_atb 1 Pee then Pe gb Hh pg anb 5.1 Arithmetic Progression (AP) a General form : a, a +d, a #21, ..., a+ (nel)d Here a= first term, d = common difference Sum of nterms §, = 5 [a+ra+(n-1)d] = > lMterm + n* term] nis Illustrations Mlustration 10. Find sum offs n natural numbers Solution Let sum be, then S,=1 +2 +3 4.4m; 5.2 Geometrical Progression (GP) aa General form a, ar, at... ar Here a = first term, r = common ratio Ge) Sum of nterms §, = if [|< Uthen sim of infinite term §, = 5 Tlustrations ————________ 11h Mlustration 11. Find 1+ 54-4 +5 + --upto = SolutionJEE-Physics ey ABLEN Sequences and Logarithm 1. Find the sum of the series +4 +7 410 4... to 40 torms. , 1 ae 2, Which tenn of the sequence 2,1, 5 ise 3. Expand (1 +x¥- 4. Find the square root of 98 correct to 3 decimal places, 5. Iflog3 = 0.48and log 7 84, find the value of 168) V3 - 6. Evaluate Jog, 8 + log, 25 + 20a, 3~ 0G, 18 peo aeet 7. Evaluate ; Slog? + 51025 + 5 load) loa 28 8. mals SECTION [C] : TRIGONOMETRY 6.0 ANGLE ao measiwe of change i inection. Arc(3) Angie(®) = "Racius(r) Angels measured in anticiodtwise and clockwise direction are usually taken positive and neantiverespectively. 6.1 System of Measurement of an Angle ac ‘Sexagesimalsystom Inthis system, angle is measured in dearees. In this system , 1 right angle = 10", 1° = 6O (are minutes), 1' = 60" (are seconds) Circular system Inthis system, angleis measured in radian. if are = radius then 8= 1 rad Relation between degrees and radian Qn rad = 9k 180° mrad = 180° = Lrad = — = 87."EA i ss Mathematical Tools To convert om dageetoradian miley by 5; ‘To convert from radian to degree multiply by — Illustrations Mlustration 12. A circular arc of length x em. Find angle subtended by it at the centre in radian and degree. Solution G25 = ES 2 Frade30° When a clock shows 4 oclock, how much ange dolisminite and hour needles make? (20° @) Fred 0 Fea (ier ‘Ans. (A,C) Solution From diagram ange @ = 430° = 120° 1 Mlustration 14, ‘The mobii's distance from the earth is 360000 km and its diameter subtends an angle of 42! al the eye ol theobserver. The diameter of the moon inkilometersis : (ay44o0 (B) 1000 (©)3600 (D) 8800 Ans. a Solution Here analeisVery smalso diameter = are E 1y iy Fe 27h ih (4255) 42% 65% 780" i800 See ita ee tt Diameter = RY = 360000% 5-152 = 4400 kon 7.0 TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS (T-RATIOS) ao Following ratios of the sides of a right angled triangle are known as 1 i i tigonometrical ratios. Perpendicular (P) Base(B) 14JEE-Physics 7.1 Trigonometric Identities aa Infigure,P? + BP= EP Divideby HP, 1=3sin® 8 +c08° 8 =1 P Divide by , i) Divide by P® (8 -(3) => 1 +001? 9 = cosec’o Commonly Used Values of Tigonometric Functions Angle) | _O Ee oF 9 3 4 B sno | 0 5 7 = 1 4 3 1 e| 1 7 2 + 0 cos ; - 7 3 4 7 me | 0 = 1 = vi © tan 5 = 8 7.2 Four Quadrants and ASTC Rul % a In first quadrant, ll igonometic ratios are postive, pt GoM |r cuosent os ‘i Insecond quadrant, only sing nd edsee® are postive i: 10" 360° In third quadrant, only tan® and eot8 are positive. In fourth quadrant, only cos? and see® are positive 0 7.3 Trigonometrical Ratios of General Angles (Reduction Formulae) ao (i) Tiigonometric function of ah angle 2nn + 8 where n= sin(2nm +8) = sind cas(2nx+8) = cos® tan(2nn-+ , 1, 2, Bpve will rem same. (i) Trigondmetric funci@iiof an angle ( +8) will remain same if n is even and sign of trigonometric function will be according to value of that function in quadrant. Sin(x-A) = +8in8 cos(n-#) = -cn59_ tan(x-#) sin{at8)= sind cos{n+8)= cos tan(x+8)= +tan sin(2n-O)= sind cos(2n-6)= +0080 tan(2n-0)= tan ‘ane (i) “Tiaonometrcfancion of en ange ( +9) will be changed info co-function ifn is odd and sian of | trigonometric function will be according to value of that function in quadrant. ® x z a sn(Ess)eson0 — colEso)e-sino no} =-cot i § sn(S-e)escoso —co(E-s)essine —an(S-0}=sea i (&) “Tigonomehic function of an angle -6 (negative angles) j cas(-8)=+cos6 —tan(-8)=-tané &1 i i EA i ss Mathematical Tools Mlustration 15. Solution Mlustration 16. Solution Mlustration 17. Ans. Solution Illustrations ‘The two shorter sides of right angled triangle are 5em and 12 em. Let 8 denote the angle opposite to the 5am side. Find sin®, cos® and tané. P_ Sem _ 5 sin Tem ~ 13 B_ lem _12 § 13 “ “ia Tem Find, y and perimeter of the triangle Som 2a sin53°= 2 y=4 om and $a 00959°= 2 4xa3em Perimeter of the title= x+y +5=8 4445 = 12em The values of sin 0,, e080, and fan, are given as¥2,=¥% and3 (notin order), forsome angles 6,, 0, and,, Choose incomeet statement. (A) Thevalue of tand, could be = (B} The value of sind, can not be 3. (C) The value 6f,cos’8, ean'tbe —2 (D) The value of cos“, could be 3. ©) =1sin8, £1, Dse0s" 0, < tang, <= 7.4 Addition/Subtraction Formulae for Trigonometrical Ratios «+ sin(A-B)=sinA cosE-cosA sinB, +» cos(A+B)=ensA cosB(4-+a}*EA i ss Mathematical Tools SECTION [E] : CALCULUS Caleulusisthe study of how things change. In this we study the relationship between continuously varying functions. 9,0 DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS ao ‘The purpose of differential calculus to study the nature (ie., increase or decrease) and the amount of variation ina quantity when another quantity (on which first quantity depends) varies independently. 9.1 Average rate of change oo Let afunction y = f(x) be plotied as shown in figure. Average rate) of change in y wast. xin interval [x,,%4] is change iny _ Ay _ yeeivi change in AK x, —% Average rate of change = = slope of chord ABL 9.2 Instantaneous rate of change aa Itis defined as the rate of changein y with x ata particular valu of x. It is measured graphically by the slope of the tangent drain, to the y-x graph atthe point (x,y) and algebraically by the first wy) derivative of function y =f) 4 Instantali@ous ate of change = §» = slope of tangent = tand 9.3 First Derivatives of Commonly used Functions an wy _l tysinxs 2a x dx 1 i i a7JEE-Physics Illustrations Mlustration 27. Find derivatives of the following functions : (y= 20 tiy=4 ii)y=Se —fiv)y=6lnx Wy = Ssinx Solution) y=2x) 3 Vag] 6x! wy yebins > ¥ao(2]=$ (iw) y=6inx > = 6[J=— ® 5 (cosx)= Scosx (9) y=Ssinx > B= 5(cosx)=5. 9.5 Sum or Subtraction of Two functions. aa ie. y= fx) tax) = 4 =f'(eai(x) Illustrations lustration 28. Find differentiation of y Wy = -6x ii) +20) (fli)y = 4inx + cos x Solution x1 6 (1) = 2-6 : “by GD (x) 4%). atx) 9 = Hb) abo)? Fe Fibs) 9'(x) + F(x) as) Illustrations Mlustration 29. Find fist derivative of y wit. fy =sinx (il) y =MHer}oos x Solution ) Zax (cox) #(2x)fsinx] =? eos Besinx [(e*)(cosx) +(e")-sin x] = 4" [cos - sin wMathematical Tools 9.7 Division of Two Functions : Quotient Rule aa ya lll &_ Modals)-flolo’(x) g(x) dx [sof Illustrations ltustaton 80, Fndifeeniaionofyct.x() y= 2% gy y= Solution {i) Here f(x) = sinx, a(x) = x So f(x) = cos x,, g(x) =1 saueria ® (cosx)(x)=(sinx)(1} _ xeosx—sinx {ii) Here flx) = 4x°, alx) =e So f(x) = 12s?,0"(x) =e dy _ 12x? (e")~ 4° (2°) 1258 = a? ‘Therefore. dy fe 9.8 Function of Functions : Chain rule ao Let fbe a function of x, whic in tum is function oft, The first dérivalive of f wrt. tis equal to the product of di dx af _ df dx ge Od Gy Therefore = Gp Illustrations Illustration 31. Find first derivative of ywert. x. = y= c= iy =4singx Gil) y= de” Solution @yse" S where = =x (ii) y = 4 sin Bx.= 4 sinz where z = 3x -2x (i) y= Mlustration 32. ‘The position of a particle moving along x-axis varies with time t as x=4t +P +1. Find the time interval(s) during which the particle is moving along positive x-direction, Solution Ifthe particle moves along positive x-direction, its x-coordinate must increase with time t. 1 i i x-coordinate willinerease withtimetif 5 9 a 95420512 a Hence, the particle moves in positive x-direction dwing time-interval 0 0. ay Fi Condition for minima : |; =0 end 55 >0 At point ‘B’ (maxima) : As we see in figure, in the neighborhood of B, slope decreases so <-¥ <0 dx dy Condition for maxima : dx The minimum value of y = 5x?.< 2x 491 is 1 a 4 3 (A) 5 (B) 5 cy © (D) 5 Ans. (c) Solution Formaximumdatfhiman value x 205 5(2x)-2(0)+ 0805 x= 10 which is positive so minima atx = ncaa sabas(t- (jai “The Fes of a dreular plate increases at the rate of 0.1 em per second. At whatrate does the area 5 inctease when the rails of plate is > om ? (A) Lem?s, {B)O.1 cm/s (C)O.5em*%s (D)2 cm/s Ans. (A) Solution Area of disk)A =m? (where r = radius of disk) dA’ ‘5, ae dr dA a Grd ear ‘Nparticle moves along the cave 12y = 3°. Which coordinate changes a faster ale at x= (A) x-coordinate {B) y-coordinate 4 (C} Both x and y-coordinate (D) Data insufficient ] Ans. (B) Solution 12y = x° = 12dy = 3x’dx : $e j dt t “Therefore for (3) >Lorx >2, y-coordinate changes a faster rate. 2EA i ss Mathematical Tools Mlustration 36. Ans. Solution Mlustration 37. Solution Mlustration 38. Ans. Solution Waler pours out af the rate of Q from a tap, into a cylindrical vessel of radius r. The rate at which the height of water level rises when the height ish, is Q Q Q Q 8 oe ® ae (one 1) eh 8) Volume : V= neh dV _ eh a9 dt at | | wv h_@ But F-=Qs0 so Ity = 3x! 8° — Gx? + 24x, Find values of x where finction is maximusn oF minimum, ‘Tofind values of x for maximum & minimum, ° eax? 125424 x=1] 1200 - 2x? =x + 2) x= 2 12-1) K+ D &-2= 0 xdi2h 2y To check manitna / mini, a ()=Sminima 6 (5) maxima a 344-1) = (+) minima OY” oh? 2 atx=1 a 12{8x* 4x1) = 12(3- 4-1) = (-) maxima alx= +2 1202 °8-1)=(+) m Ifsurface area of a cubes changing at a rate of 5 m’s, find the rate of change of body diagonal atthe moment when side length is 1 m. 5 5 (A) 5. mis (BS mis © 38 ms Maa ms (D) Surface area of cube S=6e# (where a= side of eube) Body diagonal ¢ = 3a. Therefore S=2 de _de_ > a” af 30) at “a8 5 Ditferentiatingit vert. time 2S = 2(2e) ws dt 0.0 RATE OF CHANGE OF A VECTOR WITH TIME lis derivative of a vectorfunction with respect to time. Cartesian components of a time dependent vector, if given as function of time as (t) = x(t}i + y(t)j + 2(t)k, the time rate of change can be calculated according to equation a(t) _ date at y(t), dette at" dt * at 24JEE-Physics Here isa scalar function of time. whenx = 5 6. Forthefunction’y = x yf find the value of x for which the rate of change of y with respect to xis 6 7. Find! (x) imeach of the following (y= x21) (ii) y = (6-1) (2x? +3) Gil) y = Bx! + Bx?® =e ind 2” atx = & y= x—xthenfind 4 at x= 0. 9. Forwhat values of xis the derivative of x° equal to the derivative of x + x? ; é 2 wy : 10. fy = tanxthen al what value of x, 5 :1 i i EA i ss Mathematical Tools 11.0 INTEGRAL CALCULUS aa Integration isthe reverse process of differentiation. By help of integration we can find a function whose derivative isknown, Consider a function F(x) whose differentiation wert. x is equal to f(x) then Jijcx=F(x)+e here cis the constant of integration and thisis called indefinite integration. Few basic formulae of integration are : fedes = 1 wee flaveinxte Jsinxdy = -cosx+ 6 Joossitx = sinx-+e Joec’ xdx = tanx+c _ fast)" a Jlox+ by ax = oer Join(ax + b)ax = 289) ,¢ +e tenfox 6) aoe Jove! (ax + bo Illustrations Mlustration 39. Integrate the following wnt x: 7 niet 1 (i) 40 (ix (i) FE vd cos x48) (host Solution Af cosexd 7 Bf cos2acx 23JEE-Physics 44.1 Definite integration ae When 2 functions integrated between a lowcrlimit and an upper limit, itis called a definite integral Consider a function F(x) whose differentiation w.r.t. x is equal to f(x), in an interval asx ez jz (4s Ans. 6 Solution Mlustration il» The following curve represents ratelét change of a dyld variable y wir.t x. The change in the value of y when 20] x changes front 0 to 11 is: (ao (B)25 (C)35 mes leeeean et aa —F x ay) Solution Asay = {f Je So ay ‘Area under the curve 2 x6 %20= 60 | $x(11-6)(10)=-25 i +A, =60-25 = 35 a iEA i ss Mathematical Tools 11.3 Average value of a continuous function in an interval Average value of a function y = f(x), over an interval a (a) The Uelority-time grapl Gl'acar movingalong a straightroad is shosnin figure. The average velodty of the ears fts1'25 seconds is 20k (a) 20 mis (B14 is (0)10m's (D175 ms tS) Average velodiy Yelocityim's) Area of vt graph between t-Otot=25s_ 1 (= = B51 \ao)|14 rvs 25JEE-Physics Integration 1 Integrate the following expressions ( [Sax (ii) J Gx® -5) dx Integrate the following expressions (y f(2-» dx iy [2x+x") dx Ww) ie Evaluate Jet cost 240 Evaluate [27 ax eX dx Evaluate | Evaluate J(e +38) dx a roku f 26. Al (ii) Jo. -7) ax (iv) Jox + 12-») x (ay | xx 417? dx iy) Ja — Va? ax 2 °1 i i EA i ss Mathematical Tools Logarithms to the base 10 are known as common logarithms, If no base is given, the base is always taken as 10. Le. og = log,, §:loa8 = log, 8;loga = log,, aand soon, Remember: log, Jog, n Sine Formula or Sine Rule abe InAABC, SpA SinB sinc Cosine Formula er Cosine Rule In ABC, 24 kat 5 @ cosa = EEA 2 oro =? nc a Bacens 2 eb (i) cos = 2 on pttaPihe?— 2accosB 24 be? Gi) cose = PSE c? = aP 4b A=WA-A- {AB Dd ng NM (A) x {a} Component ofA inidirection of B Az (Acasa) o. E Ay 27JEE-Physics © Vector product of two vectors is always a vector perpendicular to the plane containing the two veetors, ie. orthogonal (perpendicular) to both the vectors A and B. Unit vector perpendicular to A and B is == ® Vector product of two vectors is not commutative i.e, crass products AxB and BxA have equal magnitudes bbut opposite directions as shown in the figure. AxB=-BxA © The vectorproductis distributive when the order @fthe vedorsis strictly maintained ie. Ax(B+C)=AxB+AxC © Angle 8 between two vectors A and B isgivenby @ = pat © Theself cross product, i.e. product of avector by itself is a zero vector or a null vector. DT igi © Incase of omthogonal unit vectors, Jand k aacondingte right hand thumb rule their etoss-products is given by 3G AxB=|AQ) A,” A,|= i(A,B, ~ A,B,)- (A,B, ~ A,B,)+ MAB, ~ A,B, Be B, B, © A,B and © ate coplanar, then As(Bx 6)=0 :EA i ss Mathematical Tools SOME WORKED OUT ILLUSTRATIONS IMlustration 1. Inthe given figure, a function y = {Se is shown, What is the numerical value of expression A(B+C)? Ans. 5 Solution From graph A = =1;C=2. Therefore [ A(B+C) = 15/3 = 5) IMustration 2. Acar changes its velocity linearly from 10 m/s to 20 m/s in.5 seconds. Plot v-t graph and write velocity asa function of time. w{nw/s) Solution: 20-10 aia 20-10-10, Slope = B= 1-2 am y-intercept = 10 = c> v = 2410 Aa ts) Illustration 3. Three coplanar vectors A,B and © have mighitudlés 4, 3 and 2 respectively. I the B ange between, any tuo vedorsis 120"then uhich ofthe folowing vector may be equal to i A,8,¢ x wy é Sl Mlustration 4. ‘The maanitude of paits of displacement vectors are ven. Which pais of displacement vectors cennot be added. to give aresultant vector of magnitude 13 em? (A) 4em, 166m, (B)20om, 7am (©) Lam, 16 em {D) Gem, 8am ‘Ans. (C) Solution 4 : : Resultant of two vectors A and B must satisfy |A-B|=R<|A+B| 1 i i + IMlustration 5. {Three non zero vectors A,B and € satisfy the relation A-B=0 & A.G=0. Then A canbe parallel a to : wB (B) ¢ (BE (D) Bxé i Ans. (D) 23JEE-Physics SALB& A-C=05A1LE But BC is perpendicular to both B and © so A is parallel to Bx. Mlustration 6. o.and B are the angle made by a vector from positive x & positive y-axes respectively. Which set of o and B is not possible : (A) 48, 60° (B) 30, 60° (C) 60°, 60 (D) 30°, agp ‘Ans. (D) Solution 0,8, must satisfy cos’ cos? +eas%y=1 lustration 7. Let A,B and C, be vector, Sunose thal A.B «ABO, ante andletevoon B and Ci E then (a) A=Bx0) (@ A-2l8x0)— (QA-21exB) wake SB Ans. (BC) Solution: As ALB and ALC s0 Ant But Bx@)=csia0° = 1 So A=#2(B x)= A =2(Bx€) and A =-2(B x6) = 2(E xB) lustration 8. Angle between 4 and bis 60° than © (A) The component of 8 Balohg 845 wile pe cap (B) 4x6 is perpendicular to resuittant of (& + 26) and (a6) 3 Calongiay Bibi be Jao (C) The component of & b along 6 Wilke cor cpap te a aa (D) The component of 3 4B along 3 willbe Ease Ans. (A,B) Solution roc fod _(6-b1. 6646) ete for (A) + RRA component la+6l fa? +b" +2abeos60° Ya’ +b’ + ab For (B): 3 426+3—6 =28 46 which lies in the plane of & and b 4 ; > resultant is perpendicular to 4x b i Mlustration 9. : ‘Which ofthe following sets of concurrent forces may be in equilibrium? : (A)F,=3N, E,=5N,F,=1N (B)E.=N F,=5N. i IN E,=5N, F,=9N, (DF, a For equilibrium, net resultant force must be zero, These forces form a closed traingle such that j F,-FcF, -3 + 681 North Mlustration 16. 3 For shown situation, what willbe the magritt je of minimum force in newton that can be applied in any direction so that the resultant force is along east direction? Wes 7 WN bast south Ans. 6 d Solution Nib Let force be F'so resultant isin east direction i 7 : aN 4) +3}+(Seos37i + 5sin3794 F = Kl 24i+9]+4149]+F= ki 8i+ Ga P= ki Mlustration 17. ‘The position of fapartice moving in XY-plane\aries with time tasx=t, y = St-5, (i) Wheat isthe path traced By the particle? {i) When does the particle cross-x-o8i82 Solution (i)x=1, y=34-5 By elimitaing trom above two equations y = 3x5 This isthe equation ofa straight line. (ii) The particle crosses x-axis when y=0. So 0 = St-5=>t Mlustration 18. ‘Two particles Aand Bmove along the straight ines x+2y +3 = Oand 2x + y-3 = Drespectively. Their posit vector, a the time of meeting will be: : | (4) 3143} (®) 31-3} 3-3 (D)Partices nevermect Ans. (B) i Solution a ‘The particles meet at the point of intersection of lines. By solving them x n vector of meeting point will be 3 +zEA i ss Mathematical Tools ANSWERS BEGINNER'S BOX-1 LC) 2D) 8.) 105, (7) 150", (1067 a.) 5. | \E+FE 6.(B) TA 8.[ BEGINNER'S BOX-2 Ha LA 2.8) 3D 4. [q= cos" 55 |] 5-13, (0) -1+2)-fa 6.16. (©) 681 BEGINNER'S BOX-3 1.2380 5.0.90 8.1 + Ox + 15x24 20? + 15x! + Ox? bx! 4,0,809 13 Bind BEGINNER'S BOX-4 1.() B-2x) (ii) Bx*— 4x) Lael A] 1 2.01 0M el QW som sa ots Yo | ©) Ralax +O) 7. (i) [Ox* =Bx°] (i) (Gx? —4x + 3)) (itl) BIE + De" 8.-1 BEGINNER'S BOX-5 1. ()L5x+CI DS -5x $C] fi rc] of ae 2. (i) 32 (i) 168 il) 73/1 (iv) 1/6 2? (v) [39.3] 3. [e™ +0] 4. [x-2e%+C] 5.2(e"-e) 6. 33JEE-Physics 9. 10. 1. SINGLE CHOICE CORRECT QUESTIONS ‘Two vectors @ and ed at an angle ® wert, each other havea resultant ¢ which makes an angle B with a . Ifthe directions of @ and b areinterchanged, then the resultant will have the same (A) Magnitude (B) Direction (C) Magnitude as wellas direction {D) Neither magnitude nor direction, Given: G= A+B. Also, the magnitude of K, & and S are 12, 5 and 13 units respectively. The angle between & and B is (aye 5 oz Or 2 If B4G= BL and ois the angle between B and G, then: (o=o (o=97 ()P=0 ()Q=0 The sum and difference of vo perpendicular vectors of equal lengths are: (8) Of equal lengths and have an acute angle between them. (B) Of equal length and have an obtuse angle between them (C) Aso perpendicular to each other and are of different lencths (D) Asso perpendicular to each other and are of equal lengths Ifthe engle between two forces increases, thle magnitude of théirreStltant (A) Decreases {B) Increases (©) Remains unchanged, {D) First decreases and then increases Acarismoving on astraight road due north with a uniform speed of 50 km h! when it turns left through 90°, If the speed remains unchanged after tuming, the change in the velocity of the car in the turing process is, (Azer (B) 50/2 kam h* S-W direction (©) 50V2 km h7 N-W direction {D) 50 km bt due west If |A+B|-|A[-[B], then theangle between A & Band is (ayer (B60 cy” (D) 120° The vector sum 6f 6 toplanat forces, each of magnitude F when each force is making an angle of x/3 with the preceding itis: (F (BOF are ()zer0 ‘The followingsets of three vectors act on a body, whose resultant can not be zero : (A) 10, 10, 10 (8) 10, 10, 20 (C) 10, 20, 20 (D) 10, 20, 40 1 Which of the following sets of displacements might be capable of returning a car to its starting point ? ] (A) 4,6, 8 and 15 km (B) 10, 30, 50 and 120 kan (C), 10, 20 and 60 km {D)40, 50, 75 end 200 kin i {A set of vectors taken in a given onder cives a closed polygon. Then the resultant of these vectorsis a i (A) Scalar quantity (B) Pseudo vector (C) Unit vector (D) Null vector 5 341 i i EA i ss Mathematical Tools 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 7. 18. 19. 20. Inthe adjoining vector diagram, whet isthe andle between A and B ? (Given:c = By aso” we (oe (1s The vectorsum of two force Pend Qis minimum when the angle between theirpositive directions, wa @5 os Or ‘The vector sum of two vectors A and Bis maximum, then the angle @ between two vectors is (aor (B)30° (case (Dar Given: A=2i+3j and 8=5i-6}. Themagnitudeol A +B is: (A) 4 units: {B) 10 units: {C) 468 units) AD), Y64 units ‘The modulus of 2i-j+k is (a) V6 (B)2: (4 (D)6 5 Y gee ag a WA and B are two non-zero vectors sh that |A+B "=." and |A| = 2|3| then the angle between A and @ is (a3 (B) 53° (CY eos4(-3/4) (Dhoos{-48) ‘The vecto# Joining the points A (1, 1, -1) and)B (2, ~3, 4) and pointing from A to Bis (A) -i + 4j-5ke 4B) 1+ 4j5k (C)i-4) 45% {D) -i-4j-5k Aparticleis moving with speed 6 m/s along the direction of A = 21 +2] - & thenits velocity is (A) (41 +2] =4K) units (B) (4i + 4] - 2h) units (C)4i +4] - 4h) units (D) (2144) -2k) units Given: A=2i =]+ 2% and i-].+K. The unit vector of A-B is: 3i+k (ay k Og vio IB = 2 -3jvk and Q = 3142), then B- Q is: (A) zero 6 (cyiz (1s The angle # between directions of forces A and B is 90° where A= Sdyne and B= 6dyne. If the resultant F makes an angle a with A then find the value of ‘a’ ? (ass (sr (3 (D) None ofthese 35JEE-Physics 23, Threenon zero vectors A, B and G satisfythe relation A.B =Qand A.C =0. Then A canbe paralldto “ws ee (©) B-¢ ©) BxC 24. Avectorisnot changed if : (A) Itis displaced parallel to itself (B)Nisrotated through an arbitrary angie (C) tis cross-multiplied by aunit vector (D) tis mutiplied by an arbitrary scalar 25. When two vector a and } are added, the magnitude of the resultant vector is always : (A) Greater than (a + b) (8) Less than or equal to (a +) (C) Less than (a + b) (D) Equal to (a + b) 26. Avector A is rotated by @ smell angle AO radians (AD <=1) to get a new vector . In that case [B-Al is - [JEE (Main) ONLINE - 2015] (ayo (B) |B] a9 [Al gy () Also oyail-2) 27. Tree vectors 8 3 and if are shown infhe figme- T'S béany point on the vector. The distance between the points P and Sis b | |. The'general relation among veetor P, Qland § is [JEE(Adv.) -2017] (a) S=(1-biP +b? } u (B) $=(b-1)P48Q eae (C)S=0-P red (0) $1 Band Inthe cube of side’al shown in the fialite, the vector from the central point of the face ABOD to the ceritral point of the face BEFO will be: [JEE (Main) ONLINE - 2019] (A) gali-i) wy Zaf ©) 5a(k4f) Two vectors A and B have equal magnitudes. The magnitude of (A+B) is 'n' times the magnitude of A-B). The angle between A and Bis [JEE (Main) ONLINE - 2019) (A) sin [s 2| fae [Fa |31. 32. Mathematical Tools Tiwo forees P and Q of magnitude 2F and 3E, respectively, are at an angle ® with each other: If the force Qis doubled, then theirresultant also gets doubled. Then, the angle is, (a)30" ( 1B) 60° SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS (cy? [JEE (Main) ONLINE - 2019] «D) 120° A force of 30 Nis inclined at an angle 6 to the horizontal. If its vertical component is 18 N, find the horizontal component and the value of 8 Find the resuitant ofthe three vectors OA, OB OC each of magnitue ras shown in jure? The x and y components of vector A are-4m and6m respectively. The x, y cofnponents atvector A+B are 10 mand 9 m respectively, Find the lengtlvOf B andandle that B makes with the axis We B= mi +y4) and B=xyi+yg) Find the condition that woul! make Band & parallel to each oer. I 051+0.8) +k isa unit vector Fina the value of C Two vectors A and B are defined as A=ai_and/B2a(cosati+ sina), where a is a constant and x = Sra sf [As B= BAB Lag = Bete it tine, tho vee of, in seonds, [JEE (Adv.) - 2018] ANSWER KEY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1o | 1 | 12 | 13 | 14] 15 atc{[p[p|a|[Bpilpo/|po/p[a[p[p|[p]alc 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 A c Cc B A A B D A B c Cc B c D SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS: 81. [24N SP] 82. [r(1+J2)) 33.[3/§.tent4) 34-4) - 22N; 7 2 - [3V5 5 > OG = yp 35. [i101 36. (2.00) ‘a7JEE-Physics SINGLE CHOICE CORRECT QUESTIONS 1. fy = In(Inx), then dy/dx is equal to 1 4 Sed 7 (4) Sine ®@y Oing Der 2 fx =acost,y = bsint then w equals (a) ~2 tant (8) -Bcott ©) -§ cot (OF tant 4 pp) 3 Gln) equals: (ayxt? {B) 10x (C) 10% (D) 10° a yaxe® (A) (1 +x) (Bye +x) (C)x(1 +e) (D) None of these 5. Iff (x) =x=5, thenf *(5) is equal to: (ayo (By 5 Oe 9 ag 6 Gy fe*eauals xe! (@atfoge (Cyatea,e (D)None of these ay 7 Tee then equals: © 811105) = EE ana tO), thon coquas ‘ayo @1 coz -2 9. fy =sinx +c0s2, then ” (A)sinx $4sinBk —(B)—sinx +4.cosBe —(C)-(6inx + 4c0s2x) (D) Noneot these 10. Astoneis dropped into a quiet lake and waves move in circles at the speed of 5 cm/s, At the instant when the radius of the drcular wave is 8 cm, how fast is the enclosed area increasing? (A) 80 xom’is (B) 90 xem’s (C) 85 xcs {D) 89 xem?s 11, _ Find points at which the tangent to the curve y =x” —3x°— 9x + 7's parallel to the x-axis (A) (5,-20) and (=1, 12) (B) (3,20) nd (1,12) (C)(S-10) and (1, 12). (D) Noneof these 12, Themomentum of amovi particle given by p= tént . Net foroe acting on this particle is defined by equation, {D) None of these (aytso wit cyt |EA i ss Mathematical Tools 18. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. ‘An edge of a variable cube is increasing at the rate of 3 cm/s. How fast is the volume of the cube increasing when the edge is 10.cm long? (A) 900.em’/s (2) 920em*¥s (C) 850em%ss (D) 950 e's secx—tanx dy Wy cemiiany (hen Ge eas - (A) 2 sec x (sec x= tan x) (B) ~2secx (sec x = tan x)? (C)2seex (sex + tan x} (D) -2secx (seex + tan x)? Goter sinx) = (A) xe'@sinx + xsinx+x cos x) (B) xe" @sinx + xsinx—cosx) (C) xe" @sinx + xsinx +eosx) (D) Noteofthese 2 sans 2) (By xsi (2)-<644) (cy of E28 2) @Bpponeot nese (a) Jhe)= 23x, then the points at which x)= fe) are 1.3 (Bd, 23. {C)-1,3 {D) None of these d ig - Ee" logsin2s)= (A) e“(logsin2x +2eot2x) (B) “(lag cosx + 2cot2x) AC) eXlogcos 2x + cot2x) (D) None of these If y=192— 31-2, then dye = 2°48 2 +3 2421? +3) C) 221? +3) ” oa (2) “ss Onn © 3 SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS Find all points of local maxima and minima and the corresponding maximum and minimum. values of this functions if any. y= x8 - Ox? + Ox 45, Try = cos (Gin x)ptind ok sink dy Wy find ley =e'sinx fing y= &sinx, find 5 a Wy=vkFsx find 7 4 y= er) 5x care where n, oh Bay are constant. Find $2 38JEE-Physics ANSWER KEY 1[27s[4[s]/6¢|[7]8[9]w]/ | w/w mi[ afeB{[c{[a/le[spla[po[clafa/[Be[a[Bla 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 eB{[p[a]|pD SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS 20. local max. at x= 1, local max. value = 19; local min, at x = 3, local min, value = 15 ge, Seca Bsinx) x 25. (84 2xpe@PO°") sax Le :Mathematical Tools SINGLE CHOICE CORRECT QUESTIONS 1 yi-sin2x dx = 4 XE (Om) 4) (A) —sinx +cosx (8) sinx—cosx (C) tanx+s00x (©) sinx +c08x : ak - J anes cotx cos2x sind 62x (a) Spe B) ne (-Sre a (A) x+oosx te (8) L+sinx+e (Chsccx-tnxte (0) sac Man +e a f(tlo- 1 1y w ifed) ee eet BV erg 2 2 , 2 (a) logbess1) + — ic (B) ee (C) yee De (D) None of these 6. | (5nd) a= (A) x +cosx He (8) Pes 5 +e 3 + (D)x-easxve 7 (Mee (A) 5x7 + x)tand x +e (B) x Bx? +Bx+e (C) ax4 5x2 + 15x40 (D) Stan (x? +1)+ log? +1)+¢ a= (x — 2\(x-1) (A) x + 2log(x —I]+e (B) 2x + 2log(x -I)+¢ (C) x+4logl—x)+e (D) x + 4log(x—1)+ atJEE-Physics 1. 12. 14, 16. 17. 19. 21. Buabate Jz vex (2-%) Ay Evaluate J eae fiee-ere JyR08 7-745"? 9x7!) 2s Evaluate J ©? Evalucte J eos%« a rate f 8020 ; ox Bvalucte | 3.2 Direction (Q 19 to 22) Use a defi x-axis on the interval [0) bl: yaad ntegralto find the area Of the region between the given curve and the y= 2x x = Sa tee. Use a definite integra to find the area of the region between the given curve and the x-axis on the interval [0, x y= sinx ANSWER KEY 10) 20 3D 48 8 OA) 8D SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS 9. SR se az. 2297146 | 16.0 17.4 20. Using n subintervals of lenath Ax = b/n andight endpoint values: Area = b# be. D4 +b) 21. +b= 22.(2)Mathematical Tools dy ty = ——S— then & fer eeeeo mo b+ = Screa b © abs 25 ©) b+ 2a9 (oy-% oes then & = -nosthen ®) ya (yt (D)Noneof these (A) ~sin2x (8) eandx (CV 2cortx (D) -2sn2x 1 y= sini nr coox)s then $= 1 cos sine ene (*) 2” fan rcosx oy 1 cos Vim Beas (Cy SESE oe snd (D) None of these pa exe 1 1 1 1 a) loathe ey (8) Fleaex + D- ae te 1 1 (©) 2s e+ (D) Blosex +0)- Fate (BaXgeate — (C) Sate D) xa +e ABCDEF isa regular hexagon. What isthe value of AB+ ACY ADY AE AF 2 ‘ R (ao (8) 200 P © (C) 400 (0) 6A0 x ¥ asJEE-Physics 9. 10. 1. 12. 13. 14, 16. 17. The vectors ¢ and g lic ina plane. Ancther vector ¢ lies outside this plane. The resultant Q 48 +6 of these three vectors: (A)Can be zero (B) Cannot be zero (C) Liesin the plane of & and B (D) Lies inthe plane of & and A+B Given: a+ 846 =0. Outefthe three vectors @,b and ¢ hwo are equalin magritude, The magnitude of the third vectoris V2 times that of either ofthe two having equal magnitude. The angles between the vectors are: (A) 90°, 135°, 135° (B)30°, 60°, 90° (C)45", 45°, 90° (D) 45°, 60°, 90° What is the angle between two vector forces of equal magnitude such that the resultant is one-third as much, as either of the original forces ? 647) 1) \-ia] (hes) (cys (0) 2eo8/ 1 (A) cos Apattide is movingin a dee or radius centred at O with constant speed v. ‘The change in velocity in moving from P to Q (-POQ = 40°) is: (A) 2v 00s 40° (B)2vsingo” (C)2vcos 20° (Dy2vsin20" SECTION - 2; MULTIPLE CHOICE CORRECT QUESTIONS Which of the followings a true statement ? (A)A vector cannot be divided by another vector (B) Angular displacement can either be ascalar ora vetlor (C)Since axidition of vectorsis commutative therefore vector subtraction is also commutative (D) The resultant of two equal forces of magniftide Facting at a point is Fif the angle between the Iwo forees is 120° Which of the arrangement of axes in figure. can be labelled “right-handed coordinate system * ?As usual, each axis label indicates the positive side of the axis : (a). Gi) (8) Gi), @v) (wi) Ow SECTION - 3 : NUMERICAL ANSWER BASED QUESTIONS ‘Amanwalks 40 m North, then 30m East and then 40m South. Find the displacement from the starting point? : ‘The resultant of two vectors of magnitudes 2A and Y2 Aactingat an angle 8 is 410A . Find the value of ® ? ‘Two vectors adtingin the opposite directions have aresultant of 1Ounits. If they act at right angles to each other, then the resultant is 50 units. Calculate the magnitude of two vectors. aa,EA i ss Mathematical Tools 19. 20. 2. 22. 26. 27. 28. SECTION -4: MATRIX -MATCH QUESTIONS Column-t Column It (Operation of nonzero vectors > and Q) (Possible angle between P and Q) (A) IPxQi= (p) 90° (8 Pxd|=V5PG (190° (©) P+Q=R andP+Q=R (7) (0) |P+Q|=|P-Q| oe ) 30° SECTION - § : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS A paticle whose speed is 50 mys moves along he line fromvA(2, 1) 10 B(9, 25). Find its velocity veetorin the form of ai +bj Find the magnitude of 31 +2) +k ? It A=3i44] and B=1+]+2% then fiad out unit vettorilong A+B. ‘The rectangular components of a vector are (2, 2). The correspon dir sare (1, 3). Find the ange belwenthe two vectors rectangular components of another vector Vector A points N-Eand its magnifudeis3 kg ms itis multiplied by the scalar 2. such that & = ~4-second. Find the direction and magnitude of the new vector quantity, Does it represent the same physical quantity or not? Four forces of magnitudes R 22, SP and 4P act alongthe four sides of a square ABC! vector method fo find theresultant force. in eyclic order, Use the ‘Two force of F = 50ONadue east arith F, = 250N due north. Bind F,-F; ? 4 a+ B= and a+2b =B. Itisaiven that Bis perpendicular to @ . Find Lot the resuitant of thie forées of magnitude 5N, 12N& 13 Naciing on a body bozero.Ifsin23° = >. find the angle between the 5 N force & 13 N force. 1 A & B are pemendicular find x. i R=3i44) thentind A » What are the x and they components of a 25 m displacement at an angle of 210° with the xcaxis (anti dockwise)? x ‘One of the rectangular components of a velocity of 60 km h-* is30 km h-!, Find other rectangular component? a5JEE-Physics a2. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. a. 42. ‘Avector of magnitude 30 and direction eastwards is added with another vector of magnitude 40 and: northwards, Find the magnitude and direction of resultant with the east. Evaluate [cos(32 +4) dz 1 Evaluate Se cost yf +3) dt 4 Evaluate: [%° +3x? —2x +Tax 3 Evaluate: f tan?xdx Evaluate: f sin®@d9 Evaluate : fea for, Evaluate : | G3) ax “a Evaluate : 16 [ cos" @sin@dd a dx 2 Evaluate : 2) 3 A.carrom board (4 ft x 4fl square) has the queen at the centre. The queen, hit by the striker moves to the front exige, rebounds and goesin the hole behind the stiking ine, Find the magnitude of displacement of the queen (a) from the centre to the front edge (b) from the front edge to the hole and (c) from the centre to the hole, dy Integrate: [(4x° +3x* +2 +4}ex i ; Integrate: [isin +cosnidx : Integrate : fsin(62—5) dy A Find all points of local maxima and minima and the corresponding maximum and minimum 7 values of following functions if any. j y axe + 12x75 :EA i Soeererers Mathematical Tools 48. Find all points of local maxima and minima and the corresponding maximum and minimum values of following functions if any. y=x-3x 2x + sin 4x + sin Ox ss (2) a 49. Find (55) ity = 50. Find &) 2yootix® Find (Go) if y= 2yootta) 51. Find the components of gravitational force along and perpendicular to th Sar 52. 4, then find the value of for which f(x) vanishes ? 58. y= ong © ax-+b, then find the values of » & 2 84. fy = logtan, then find © fy =logtan s then find Ly dy ve + 5 | sthien fin 55. ity F | then find fing then find Ge? 57. Ahallhasthe dimensions 1m x 12m 314m. A fly starting at one comer ends up at adiametrically opposite corner. The magnitude of ts displacement is nearly 58. A particle moves along a path ABCDias sho patticle from position A fo Dis n the figure. Then the magnitude of net displacement of the Aim ax. 4 Evaluate: J 5° Evaluate: [x70 eeeeee a7JEE-Physics ANSWERS ‘SINGLE CHOICE CORRECT QUESTIONS Que. 1[2];3|/4[s]/e¢|][7]a]|9 |u|] ‘Ans. picfal[o atec{[po[sefalalo MULTIPLE CHOICE CORRECT QUESTIONS 13.(ABD) 14.(ABC) NUMERICAL ANSWER BASED QUESTIONS 15. 30 m East 16. 45° 17. P = 40; Q = 50 MATRIX-MATCH QUESTIONS 18. (A) qs; (B)r; (C)s; (D)p ‘SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS 19. [2(71 4-24) 20.194 21, lez 22.1159 [2071 +24))) 94) ag) [15°] 23, E->N, 12 kam (Noit does not representtthe sane physical quantity) 24. 2/2 Pat 45° to 4P force 25.250 /§ N. tan! (2)WofN 26.1) 27. 28. x 29, +41 80. - 25 cos 30” and - 25 sin 30” 31. [30/9 km bo) 82. 50, 53° with East 33. Fin Bet 4) +c 84, 2an( Ji 43) +0 2 a eal an? ier 7 a 39.5 40. @) 41. 20- fe) 2g in(sin“tx) (a) VTOR, (b) = \TOA, (eR VEE eae 42, (2); VIO, [b) ft, (c)2Vatt 3. 44. x8 He + dC 45. -cos x + sinx + C 46, 2582 8 47. local max. at x = 8, local max. value = 251; local min, at x = 0, local min, value 48. local max. at x = 1, local max. value = 2: local min, at x= 1, local min. value ~2xcosec*x? 49. 2.cos 2x + 4 cos dx + 6 cos 6 50. Longe 5A. L0gsin37", 1000837" Yoox 52. (8) 58.a=2.b 54, Looser 2x 55.1 ~tesinxe+ cos x) i wes 56. = 57. 21m 58. 72m 59. ix! 60. % o1.2 eI as |