GURU NANAK HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL, P P COMPOUND,

RANCHI.
CLASS X- SOCIAL SCIENCE- GEOGRAPHY
CHAPTER 1- RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT
SYNOPSIS AND ASSIGNMENT
PART-2
• Resource planning
• Resource planning in India
• Conservation of resources
• Land resources
• Land utilization
• Land use pattern in India
• Land degradation and conservation measures

Resource planning
Planning is the widely accepted strategy for judicious use of resources.
Importance of Resource Planning
• It has importance in a country like India, which has enormous diversity in the
availability of resources.
• There are regions which are rich in certain types of resources but are deficient in some
other resources.
• There are some regions which can be considered self sufficient in terms of the
availability of resources and there are some regions which have acute shortage of some
vital resources.
• For example, the states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh are rich in
minerals and coal deposits. Arunachal Pradesh has abundance of water resources but
lacks in infrastructural development.
• The state of Rajasthan is very well endowed with solar and wind energy but lacks in
water resources. The cold desert of Ladakh is relatively isolated from the rest of the
country. It has very rich cultural heritage but it is deficient in water, infrastructure and
some vital minerals.
• This calls for balanced resource planning at the national, state, regional and local
level
Various stages involved in Resource Planning.
Resource planning is a complex process which involves:
 • Identification and inventory of resources across the regions of the country. This
involves surveying, mapping and qualitative and quantitative estimation and
measurement of the resources.
• Evolving a planning structure endowed with appropriate technology, skill and
institutional set up for implementing resource development plans.
• Matching the resource development plans with overall national development plans.
Conservation of Natural Resources-Meaning
Conservation of natural resources means judicious and planned use of natural resources so that
we may get greatest possible benefit from these resources over the longest possible period of
time. resource conservation -importance
Resources are vital for any developmental activity.
• But irrational consumption and over-utilisation of resources may lead to socio-
economic and environmental problems.
• To overcome these problems, resource conservation at various levels is important.
Gandhiji,s view about resource conservation
Gandhiji was very apt in voicing his concern about resource conservation in these words:
“There is enough for everybody’s need and not for any body’s greed.” He placed the greedy
and selfish individuals and exploitative nature of modern technology as the root cause for
resource depletion at the global level. He was against mass production and wanted to replace
it with the production by the masses.
Land-A Natural Resource - Importance
Land is a natural resource of utmost importance.
• We live on land, we perform our economic activities on land and we use it in different
ways.
• It supports natural vegetation, wild life, human life, economic activities, transport and
communication systems.
• However, land is an asset of a finite magnitude, therefore, it is important to use the
available land for various purposes with careful planning.
Land under important relief features in India.
India has land under a variety of relief features, namely; mountains, plateaus, plains and
islands.
• Plains-About 43 per cent of the land area is plain, which provides facilities for
agriculture and industry.
• Mountains-Mountains account for 30 per cent of the total surface area of the country
and ensure perennial flow of some rivers, provide facilities for tourism and ecological
aspects.
 • Plateaus-About 27 per cent of the area of the country is the plateau region. It
possesses rich reserves of minerals, fossil fuels and forests.
Uses of land Resources
Land resources are used for the following purposes:
• Forests
• Land not available for cultivation (a) Barren and waste land (b) Land put to non-
agricultural uses, e.g. buildings, roads, factories, etc.
• Other uncultivated land (excluding fallow land)
(a) Permanent pastures and grazing land,
(b) Land under miscellaneous tree crops groves (not included in net sown area),
(c) Cultruable waste land (left uncultivated for more than 5 agricultural years).
• Fallow lands (a) Current fallow-(left without cultivation for one or less than one
agricultural year), (b) Other than current fallow-(left uncultivated for the past 1 to 5
agricultural years).
• Net sown area Area sown more than once in an agricultural year plus net sown area
is known as gross cropped area
Conservation of Natural Resources
Different ways to conserve natural resources are:
• Avoid the use of toxic chemicals
• Stop littering • Say ‘no’ to plastic
• Prepare compost pits at home
• ‘Reduce’, ‘Reuse’, ‘Recycle’
• Use of alternative sources of power such as solar and wind energy
• Plant trees to prevent soil erosion
• Practicing of judicious ways of conserving water
• Treatment of industrial waste
• Rain water harvesting, etc
Different categories of land degradation-
At present there are about 130 million hectares of degraded land in India;
• Approx. 28% of it belongs to the forest degraded area
• 56% of it is water eroded area
• The rest is affected by saline and alkaline deposits
 Causes of land degradation in different parts of the country-
Mining sites are abandoned after excavation work is complete leaving deep scars and traces
of over-burdening.
• In states like Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha deforestation due
to mining have caused severe land degradation.
• In states like Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra overgrazing is one
of the main reasons for land degradation.
• In the states of Punjab, Haryana, western Uttar Pradesh, over irrigation is responsible
for land degradation due to water logging leading to increase in salinity and alkalinity
in the soil.
Mineral Processing and Industrial Activities-A Cause of Land Degradation
The mineral processing like grinding of limestone for cement industry and calcite and
soapstone for ceramic industry generate huge quantity of dust in the atmosphere.
It retards the process of infiltration of water into the soil after it settles down on the land.
In recent years, industrial effluents as waste have become a major source of land and water
pollution in many parts of the country.
Ways to solve the problem of Land Degradation-
There are many ways to solve the problems of land degradation.
• Afforestation and proper management of grazing can help to some extent.
• Planting of shelter belts of plants, control on over grazing, stabilisation of sand dunes
by growing thorny bushes are some of the methods to check land degradation in arid
areas.
• Proper management of waste lands, control of mining activities, proper discharge and
disposal of industrial effluents and wastes after treatment can reduce land and water
degradation in industrial and suburban areas.
Land Resource- Importance
Land, as a resource is important because-
• 95% of our basic needs of food, clothing and shelter are derived from land.
• We live on land and use it in different ways such as for agriculture for transport and
communication, etc.
• We perform our economic activities on land.
• It supports natural vegetation, wildlife and human life.
Three physical and three human factors which determine the use of land-
Physical factor- topography, climate and soil type
Human factors- population density, technological capabilities, culture and tradition.
National Forest Policy-
According to NFP 33% of country’s total area should be under forest cover.
Reasons-
• It is considered essential for the maintenance of ecological balance
• The livelihood of millions of people who live of the fringe of these forest depends on
these forests. We have 22.57% area under forest which is far lower than the desired
33% of geographical area as designed by NFP.

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:

Q 16: What is resource planning? Why is it important in a country like India? Explain with
examples. OR Why balance resource planning is needed at the national, state, regional and
local levels?
Q 17: ‘Resource planning is a complex process’ Explain this statement. OR Explain various
stages involved in resource planning
Q 18: What is meant by conservation of natural resources?
Q 19: Why is resource conservation at various levels important?
Q 20: How has Gandhiji expressed and voiced his concern about resource conservation? Who
did he hold responsible for resource depletion?
Q 21: How land, a natural resource is of utmost importance?
Q 22: Give a short account of land under important relief features in India.
Q 23: How the land resources used for various purposes in India?
Q 24: How can you conserve natural resources? OR Write different ways to conserve natural
resources
Q 25: How much land in India is degraded land at present? What is the share of different
categories in it?
Q 26: What are the causes of land degradation in different parts of the country?
Q 27: How mineral processing and industrial activities cause land degradation?
Q 28: What are the different ways to solve the problem of land degradation?
Q 29: Why is land, as a resource important for us?
Q 30: Write three physical and three human factors which determine the use of land.
Q 31: Why are other than current fallow lands cultivated once or twice in about two to three
years?
Q 32: ‘The pattern of net sown area varies greatly from one state to another’, Give reasons.
Q 33: According to National Forest Policy, how much of the country’s area should be under
forest cover and why? Have we been able to meet this norm?
FILL IN THE BLANKS-
6-Irrational consumption and over utilization of resources may lead to -------- and -----
problems.
7-‘there is enough for everybody’s need and not for any body’s ---------.’
8-About------ percent of the land area is plain in India.
9-Cultruable waste land is left uncultivated for more than ------agricultural years.
10-Current fallow land is the land which left without cultivation for -------- or less than-----
agricultural years.
11-Area sown more than once in an agricultural year plus --------sown area is known as gross
cropped area.
12-Net sown area is over ----percent of the total area in Punjab and Harayana and less than ---
---- percent in Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur and Andaman and Nicobar islands.
13 Forest area in the country is far lower than the desired ----- percent of geographical area.
14-In states like Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh , Madhya Pradesh and Odisha---------due to -----
caused severe land degradation.
15-In the states of Punjab, Haryana and Western Utter Pradesh, ----------- is responsible for
land degradation due to water logging leading to increase in ------- and----- in the soil.