Cer Ys Fe eae eee |: ed eee 4 by ah An MPO®. O. MULIOK. PROF. O. MITZIOUK. / / — (PIERRE JOSEPH PROUDHON). Okpemnit sig6umok 3 lOptaenno2z0 3o6ipuuka B wecmb npoecopa C. Anicmpanucokozo. CLP. A TAs HAKJIAZ, YKPAIHCbKOrO BUIBHOrO YHIBEPCMTETY B MPASI- AEPKABHA [[PYKAPHA B TIPASI. 1595213!Mpo. 0. Muyrok. MNbEP MPYAOH. (PROF. MITZIOUK: PIERRE JOSEPH PROUDHON.) Busnasnnit exonomicr [pyaou, mo ceomy cBitorasaay, 3 o_Horo 6oKy, CXHIABCA Be} couisaismy, X04 HIXTO O HBOFO Tak He poc- KpHTHKyBaB yTOMiNHOrO COMiAaMy, AK BIH; a 3 Apyroro, BiH xO4¥ ine Mowe OyTH Haapanuit GaTbKom anapxismy, ae cam ce6e HaaMBaB i 6yB aHapxicrom, aKHit Geanepeyno Oimbue HK XTO MHWIHi, MOCHpHAB fioro_cnonyaapvayBannio. Anapxictuuni ijeanu, ak crBeppxye rinwimii icropux coujaniamy T. Aguep (aus. Geschichte des Socialismus und Kommunismus 1899), MOKHa ciirkaTH B ycix enoxax; ix CaM MOKHAa 3HaliTH HaBiTD y rpeupKiit cinocompii. XIX-nii Bik Mab KilbKOX nomiTHNX anapxictis nepeg Npygonom. 3 Hux anrzieup Pogsin (1756—1836) Bo ima sarambHoro yoOpa, aK Haiipuuoro Haworo saKOHy: a) BiKMJaB BCAKe mpabo Bsarani, He BusHaiouu lioro ani 3a AKHX yMOB Yacy % npocTopy; 6) BiAKHAAIONn mpaso, Bin BiqkHyae i epkaBy, AK NpaBHy ycraHoBy, WO npoTHpiuATS 3aranbiomy jo6py, npononyiowd HaToMicub ApyKemOOHe cniByxKUTTA Bcix JiofeH Ha OCHOBi ix BIaCHMX 3aKOHIB; B) BIAMOBIZHO AO cBoroO norasfy Ha mpaBo, BiH HemMMHyYe ii KaTeropH4HO, 6e3 BUHSTKB, OL- kugae fi iacnicts, saMicub AKOI MYCHT! cTaTH pocnosinenna Garauris 3 Noraajy BUMOr 3arasbHoroO AoGpa.1) Onnouacno 3 ppanuy3om-atapxicrom [pygzouom, xB i TBOpUB nimeup anapxict Kacnap LL migt (1806—1856) 3 Bawapii, wo B 1845 poui niq npw6panum imam Maxca ILtippepa sugap npawto: ,,Der Einzige und sein Eigentum“, To6-ro ,@junuii Ta foro Bracuicty.“ B Tou yac, aK ytinirapictu, GeHtamicTH, apoOuau wiacta HaiiGinDWUoi MACH JHOXCbKKX iCTOT MigjcTaBolo LA CBOE! MOpani, Oarato aHapxicTiB, noyHHaiouH 8 Jonipo srazanoro Togsina, BipaTb nue B posyM i caMo- O3HaYeHHHA BiIbHOT OCOOM, MparHytb, WoO ,featasiayBaTH ocoby it icropw4anii npouec* (Bapas MiksawescbKoro, Icropia nowit. eKOHOM., 2) [mance Horo qBoxTomony nao: ,An enquiry concerning political justice and its influence on general virtue “and happiness“. (1793 p.) 3Tipo. O. Muypok. cr. 380). He sci anapxictn ippexiriitni, ane LUripuep ycaapusca, aK nepwnit ,immopasicra*, Mik pagika.bivMM HanpaMKaMH CBOrO 4acy, LiltipHep 6a4uB noboxKKy nomany 40 TaKMX PO3yMiHb, AK JOMCKICTh, cycnimperBo, npapja, AO6po, 10, Ha toro ranky, 6yau nepectapimMMH aOcTpakuiamu, Tak caMO HepeabHHMH, AK GoxxectBa O.timny, a6o ynupi, 10 MoAOXaIoTR KaxaMBy guTAYy ysBy. Egunoio peanbHicTio, Tajaé BiH, €CTb Hale BlacHe ,,a“ — HHUIOT He 3Ha6éMo. Kona inpi- wiqyaabHicTh - - HesaexKta if OKpema CHa, a HaiBMLMM 3aKOHOM Wa Hei ectb ii ocoOucTuit inrepec. LIfo-20 unx octaHHix, To nO [Utipaepy, ,Bci intepecu saxonni... mi, yMOBOIO, LO MaloTb JOCHTb cum“. ,,Turp, WO Hamajaé Ha MeHe, Ma6 CiyuIHicTb, a a, O6opo- HAIOUMCh Of HaNamy, Maio Tak camo cayulnict.“ ,XTO maé cuay, TO Maé ii mpaBo; xTO He Maé CHM, He Maé i mpaBa.“ (,Einzige“... BHA. 1901 p., crop. 195). 3 orasy oco6uctoro intepecy KOKNOrO, Ges *KaLHUX OOMEKEHb % mpocTopi # yacy, npaBo BijKugfaéTbcA; 3aMicub fioro B MaiiGyT- HbOMYy OcO6uCTe Ao6po Gye sLIA BCIX 3aKOHOM. Yepes Te, 10 1MHOIO PeanbuicTio 6cTb Moe inpiBinyanbHe ,9“, BCI KONeKTHBM, AK LeprKaBa, cycnisbcTBO, Hapof, POAHHA, UNO Te ,A* OGMEXKyIOTL i xO4yTE 3a- Upartn co6i Ha cayx6y, BidnagatoTh. Y Bi_HOWIeHHIO 10 MeHe MatoTb BOHM JIMIe TakHi apTopiteT, akuii iM BMBHalO A CaM; 3 XBHAISK, KOM A Mepectany ix BH3HAawAaTH, BOHM ry6AATb AKy-OyAb CHAY ILO AO mene, i Togi po6moca a cnpaBai BitbHHM. ,Mato npago nopanHTH Sesca, lerony, Bora, To-ul0, KOJM TiIbKM Moxy We BYHHUTH. Maio mpaBo 3aMOpAyBaTH, AK WlO TimbKM caM CO6i He 3aGopoHio Toro SI BBaxkaio Ue CBOIM paBOM; MO-3a MHOIO CaMMM MpaBo He ichyé MoxksmBo, WIO We He MO,OGaeTbcA uHUIMM. To ix gino, He MO6, — MOKyTb BOHM Goponmtuca.“ (Tam xe, cr. 193—194.) Onxunysun Pago 3 npaboM npaBHy yctatosy, WO sBeTbca epxason, LLtipHep TaK CaMO KaTerOpH4HO BIIKHIAS i NpaBHMi incTiTyT BIACHOCTH; LOGpO KOKLOT MOAMHM BuMaraé pocnosiny GarauTB Ha OcHOBi ii BracHux aaKonis... Po6iTHMKAaM, ILO CKAp>KYTHCA Ha BHBKCK, ro.toTi, NOs6aBNeHiit BCaKOI BAacHocTH, no ”yMui LUTipHepa, mmulaeTbca ONMH WAAX: MpH- BHATH COGi CaMHM OTH Opaxytoye iM npaBo Ta BaxTH COOi BulacHicTh, io im notpi6ua. ,LJo6 moGopotm ammaHi... eroi3M... He KAKH: yeKail, ak NOKH JOOpoanianBi ypaqM... WOCh nogfapyioTh... ame: »xXanal Ta Gepu co6i, uo TOI NoTpiGHe“. (Tam Ke, ct. 255.) Sema... HAAeKUTh TOMY, XTO NOTpanitTh ii BATH, a6O TOMY, XTO HE hactb ii Bii6patn y ce6e. Akulo xTo aymis ii co6i npucsoitH, To HAN@KATS HioMy He TLIDKK 3eMJ1A, ase i MpaBo Ha Hel (TaM >%Ke, CT. 195.) B npotanexnicts go nisniunx anapxictis - Tipyaona, Baxynina, Kponorkixa, — LUltipnep spaxaeé, wo TinbkM ingisig — enna peasb- nicth, a cycniabcrko — ujocb Hepeanbue. Onpix toro, ui nisnimi aHapxicTu 6yayloTb cBorw insipiayanictuuny Mopaab Ha npinuini a6comoTHoi cnpapejaugoctn, Toni ak LItipHep 6yaye ii Ha npinnini 4Teep Tpyaon. efoi3My, AK OCHOBHOMY ABHTyHi ANOACHKOI HaTYpH. ,/\IA eroicra, KaKe BiH, He icHy!OTb OCTIILKH BHCOKHX i AGCOMOTHHX OGexTiB, UXO NpH- MYCHTH Horo MOKAOHATHCA iM, RUTH BUK-TOYHO AA HHX i KePTBYBaTH co6oto paqu Hux. JhoGos eroicra Bunaugaé 3 Horo BHri,, PoaBNRa- eTbcea i 3aKinuyeTbca B Mexax foro ocoOucTHX inTepeciB.“ Cxoxi go LUtippeposux ragqox BucnoBztoBab NOTIM reHisbHHi Hiuwe, ate B Toi Yac, ak npaus Il ITipHepa Mae sHa4inna cycninpHe it nonirmane, Hiuure — maiixe Bukatouno disocod i mopasict i, aK Taxuii, cToiTh mo-sa O6carom nawtoi gicuinnu. IIpagaa, y LItipnepa Oya H mpami nocnigosnuxu Horo anapxiyHnx imei; NOCHTb HaaBaTH, HanpuKjag, Texepa, wo Hanucas TBIp mig Ha3s0I0 ,SaMicub KHHTH, HaNMcaHO MOAMHOIO 3aHaATO saHWATOI, aOM HanMcaTH KHHry;“ ane MH He MpauloeMo 3apas Ha7 icTopielo anapxismy, 1106 Ha TOMY AOBLIE CHMHATHCA. SasHayHBIUH HaNepen, WO LOCHTh posnoBcioKeHHi M0- rag, HiOM aHapxi3m 6CTb -1MUe JanbUMi, HawGinbule Kpaitniit pos- BHTOK igei couiamismy —- norsaq no cyti cBoili a6comoTHO Gesnis- cTaBnnii, Wo Gyze 3aBKAH BUNTHBATH CaMO COHOW 3 XapaKTePHCTHKH anapxismy i couistismy, — MH 3BepTaemocb no camoro IIpygona. Six i bypee, Tbep Kose Mpynon (1809— 1865) ponusca 8 pan- uyacbkomy Micti Besaconi, Moro 6aTsKo 6yB mMBOBapOM, WO Hie xoTis CBoro BUpOGy MpogaBaTH JopoxKye cosipapTocTy i Tomy, mule notim [Ipyaon, Mili npaybosutuii Tatych >xKHB, Ak Gijonaxa, BMep GiqHAKOM i NOMMMB AiTel Oignumu“; a BCi MpesKH---my>xkHYOrO Posy. Tliayac peso-uouii 1848 poxy Mpyaony poretoca suctynata npoTH oguoro genytata, ulo NOxBasMBCA 3HaTHicTIO poga, i [IpyaoH 3 Tpi- 6ynn HauiovanbHoro 3i6panua ropgzo 3aaBun “ B mene 14 npeaKis- mykukis. Haspitb MeHi xO OAHY pomMity, WO Mana-6 Ginbule riqHnx npeais. B uboMy MyXKHUbKOMy MOxOMKeHHIO 8 Kpainn ApiGHOrO ceasHcTBa, AKO AOCi ECT Dpatinia, noawraé Kopin igeorborit Mpy- goua. 3 tonaursa IIpynon mycis nepe6upatuca Ha BaacHy pyky: 6yB HaOOPUMKOM, KOpeKTOpoM, rocnogapem aApyKapHi, & 1848 p. geny- TaTOM, JliTepaTopom, ynpaBHtetem cnpaBamm ogHOi dipma... Cicte- MaTHYHO! ocBiTH BiH He Actas, axe 3 mpalb NOMiTHO fioro ana- Homcrso 3 Kantom, Fererem, PeiiepGaxom, Fetrueconom, Cex-Cimonom iO. KoxTom; camoykom BiH OBiB CBO! 3HaHHA AO HaliBAUyorO MO THX yacax pibua. Koran Mpygony Gyo 31 pik, Bin nue Ha Temy, 3aqaHy Axajemieto, cBoio nepiuy npauo:“ ,Qu’est-ce que ja propriété?“ »(LLJo take Butacticth?“ 1840 p.). Moro Bupa, uso ,,La propriété c'est le vol* — ,Baacnicth — To Kpanbk“, — cnpuse ycnabsentiio aBTopa cepex, umMpoKo! my6aiku exonomictis i couianictis. ,He mooxHa‘, — nucab B 1841 p. Ao IIpyzona Baanki, — ,MaTH 10 sOqMHH Oi1bUOT nowann, nik 1 Mato Jo Bac.“ 3 HMM UlyKaé aHaiiomctba Kapa Mapkc. B 1843—44 poxax [lpyaon 3 Mapkcom npustemowrb, npoBagaTh uiti Ho¥i B HayKOBMx cynepeuKax. THM 4acom B 1846 poui BHXOAMTH cama uilia Haykosa npays Mpygona — ,Systéme des contradic- 5Mpop. O. Muypok. tions économiques ou Philosophie de la Misére“. — (Ekonomiuni npo- rupivua a6o dbinocopia anugnis). S’acoByeTCA ReTUKE PosxoMKeHHsA noraagis 060x npuateis, i MapKc, nepe@pazopyioun 3aro0BOK mpalii Tipynona, sunyckaé cBolo KHWKKY ni. HasBoI0 ,Misére de la Philo- sophie“, B AKIM HaKHaéThCA Ha CBOrO MonepegHboro mpyra 3 HeBra- MOBAHO-NpuctpacTior KpHTHKOIO. IIpyfoH, BneBHenHit B COGi, Ha CIO Opoutopy Mapkca He 6aKaé HaBiTb OJNOBILATH, 3ATBMBLUN B OLHOMY npwparHomy sucti, WO B Hilt nepensenucn ,Opexns, masriat i ne- posyminua*. IIpusatay saacnicts [Ipynon ysaxas 3a mkepeno ycix Ba cy4acHoro KaBHuii nepesopor, MoRasHB pecny6niky i oronocus ce6e imnepatopom. Hasqusosmwxy Tpyaou TORK, WE y BASHHU, NMuIe Gpounopy, B AKI BHsHAé MOMACIMBAM onpapaysaTH neperopor. Pecny6sixanui ne mori uboro BHOAYHTH IIpygony, a nanoaconoscpKuii ypaq B 1858 poui 3a HOBy KHwKKy Upyaova sHosy 3acykye foro ia TpH pokm 20 Toppmu. Ha ueit pas kin prix go Beabrii, ane 8 1860 p. 8 pyk Toro~«K ypany Bin npuiinaB amuictiio fi nosepnys jo pany. B janomy paai saxua [Ipyqouosi B nositMunit_HecTiMkocTH ameHIyéeTbCA THM, IO Bin, AK i yTonicTa, (Osen, Cen-Cimon, Pypbé), Bigkuias sHa4inHA nOsviTHYHO! GopoTDOH it noxituunux opm Braga. Cxogaumch 3 ytonicramm B goniposra- NaHOMY, Bill JiaMeTpa.IbHO POBXOAMBCA 3 HAMM B NHTAHHIO, Il0-70 CTAHOBHLA >XKIHKH. AK BI,OMO, YTOMICTH CTOA-IM 3a EMAaHCiNAaLit0 *KIHOK. Tipyaou rajae, uo us emancinayia qozena-6 ame jo pocnyctu, 60 TiMbKH cyBOpuit OGoBAsOK i saHIorM ULUOGy MOxKyTb yBecTH 8 mexi i crpamars crixiliny cwy Koxanna, sanoxKeny 8 Kinui. Kou Bin ronopus Npo powmHy, ut OKIHKY, B HBOMY BaBKAM 4yBCA CiTb- cbkuit pater familias, caMogepxeub B pognui, ne xKinKa— niqBaaqna pooitimus i Marv. Bin croith 3a puMcbky poguuy, 3 HeposAydHHM ULTO6OM, 84 NOGpaHHA XO1OAHE AK ABO, 8a NepeMory Hay, KOXaHHAM. Y HbOrO, YHM MeHIME KOXAHHA MDK YO/IOBIKOM-POOiTHAKOM, a >KIHKOTO- kyxXOBapKOIO, THM Kpaue. Ak wwxKUii icroTi, xinyi He nOTpPIGHNa oc- sita. Bin cam OyB oppyxennit 3 npocToto pobitnuyer, i 6yB 3 cBOEr MOApyrH sagoworeHHi; MaB AOYOK, ane mpo ix ocBiTy WiNKOBUTO He nOas. flo ocpivenux xinOK CTaBMBCA 3 OfBePTOIO OFHjJOIO; Ka3zaB, LO wKe Kpale GyTH KypTisanKoio... Or Te, ronoBHe, 3 xxHTTA [Ipyzona 4M BapTO HOnepeanTH poring Horo niTepatypHoi cnaquMHH. Tlucas Bik Garato, oco6aMBo B ocTanHi 15 poKin *xuTTA, KOK uiakom ogiimos of noziTHKM; 3arastom iioro TBOpiB 6cTb 10 30 TOMB. 3 BMX, oMpiy BOX, paHill wKe arayanux, fA eKOHOMHCTIB gapTHit ysard — Tpakrar ,,De la justice dans la révolution et l’Eglise“. (po cnpasegzausicth B pesomouii Ta uepKBi), 4 TOMH, WO BHiOB pxe B 1858 p., TO6-To 3a cim «iT NO CMepTH aBTopa. Xou y.to6- AeHMM racnom iioro Gyno — ,destruam et aedificabo“, — ane garaJiom cuja [pynona He B nOsiTHBHAX KOHCTpyKuiak, a B KpUTHU icnyioyoro. B uit neraui craporo cycnimbnoro sagy crpauina je- MOHHYHA cia TIpyaona. Moro yutanns, mo ciozam lepyena, (Tam we, 49) jae He pesyrbtat, a saco6u, ojrouye 36pom. [Ipygzon ne- peBaxto jianextHk, npu YOMy B OAPdKHEHHA Of MapKcosoi, Meprsoi, fioro aianexTuka — xuBa; BiH — KOHTPOBepsicT cycnisbHHXx NMTatb. Jimume pas 8 oxuTTIO cnpo6ysas IIpygon yaTH nositasny KoHueHuito, cnpo6ygaB Ha mpaxTuni possssysaTH cycniabHi mpo6semu. Bopor yTonii, Bin npumywennit Sys peBomouiiinumn O6crasunamu 1848-ro poxy faTu we it cBoro yTonito ,HapogHboro Baty“, ane 0 posrasay fioro ocHoBaux noraanis nigifigemo no yepai. izMpo. O. Mrwok. B ceoiit naiinepmiiti npaui: ,,LiJo take saacnicth?* [Ipygon onepye ifeimu, BxKe 3HaHMMM. /lOCHTb CKa3aTH, WO HiMeLIbKHi distocop Dixre B cBoii npaui ,3amkHeHa TopropembHa jepKana“ 1800 p.) cKazaB Mmpo BilacHicTb, a noyacTH fi mpo ep»kapy, GaraTo 3 Toro!) — uo MM 3apaz no4yyemo Big [Ipynona. [pygononax KpuTHKa 3BepHy.ia Ha ce6e 3araibHy ysary BUHATKOBO G1McKy4O!O opmoio. Bin pos- Oupae aprymenTu npo BaacHicth ingisigyanicrM4noi wKo.aK, no 4epsi pos6upaioun icnyioui Teopii npo ii Bunpapaanna. Oana 3 Hux OOrpyHToBye BaacHicTh Ha HaTypanbHOMy mpaBi. Bona Mictutpca B feKApauii mpas, WO nporomocwia npu“poAHMMn i ne sigiimManumu npasamn Jog: npaBoO Ha Bom piBHicTh, BlacHicTb i Gesneynicts. 3 yHx npaB, NPawO BACHOCTH, TOBOPHTb Tipyaon, He aGcomotHe, AK MHLW, a AKeCh 4yAHE NpaBo, AKe NOpy- myéTbcs Ha KOxKHOMY Kpoui. TIpuxnayom Tomy — xo4u-6u no6upania Hagoris, HeOgHaKOBUX 3 GaraTHx i Oiquux. BiqHocHo nocianHA pos- PdKHAIOTh MOMeHT BsACHOCTH — npaBo BaqyBaTH (BlacTBOBATH) i BO- JloniTH — npaso KopuctyBatuca.2) Konu-K BiacTHicTh aGcomoTHa AIA BCIX, U€ O3HA4YAG, WO BAACHICTh HAN@ KUT TiIbKH UiAOMy cycnistecTBy, 106-TO ne icnye, a WO KOA MOWKE TiNbKH BONOZITH. /Ipyra Teopin OOrpyHToByé Mpago BNaCHOCTH Ha 3axONeHHIO (occupatio); saxonne NpaBbo BATIMBaAG 3 Pea/IbHOrO, pakTH4HOTO OnanyBaHHA piv. Ave AK-I0 Npawo Ha KUTTA ONHAKOBE AIA BCIX, TO TAK CAMO OMHAKOBe mpago i na 3axonnenna. Orxe mpaso BaacHOCTH He HaTypambHe npaso, a npujGave, sHayitb, B HbOMy Hema Hi4oro aGcomoTHOrO i, IK BMNAaQKOBICTb, 3aXOMeHHA He MOKE JaTH MpaBy BACHOCTH TOT HenopyuwinoctH, Akoi He Maé BOHO camo. IIpn nesHHx aMinax B Pyxo' waceeHHA MOKYTb OfGyTHct i HoBi 3axoneHHa, Takum 4iHOM, 3 BaXOMEHHA MOKE NOBCTATH JMINe BOTOJAPCTBO, a He Mpawo Bra- cuoctu. Tpeta Teopia GOpOHHTh BNACHICTh, BHXOMAYH ,,3 NOTped MOMMHM, 3 BCeMOACbKOrO NorowKeHHA Hi NpHaHanHA“, KaKYYH, UO BaacHicTh —- noTpe6a Halloi wOACbKOT NpuposH, AKA xO4 i AOBOAUTH wHogi 10 HenpHemBAX HacaigKib, ane ui HactiakH — HeMunyYe 310, sxe wivoro He TOBOpHTh NpoTH camoro npinuiny. Aye, sanepeuye TIpyaon, oquna He 6ygaé BACHMKOM HaBiTh cBOix agiGHocTeH, AKi npmpoga ala iit, wOOH BOHA MOrna >KUTH, Ti8HaBaTH fi mMOOMTH; HaBiTh Hak CBOIMH BRiOHOCTAMM BOHA He NaHyé WiKOBATO Ta E6CTb 1) Tlo @ixre, uaacnicts He 6cTb BUKMOYNE npavo posropaMKeHHA pitsO, a Auule paso KOpHCTyBaHHA HeIO jax MeaHO! OsHa4eHO! aianbHocTH, He BHaHaE bin npasa BaacHOCTH wa 3eMI0, a TMULe NpaBo KOpHCTYBARHA...., mo Gasy- eTbca Ha qorouopi. Xto Hivoro He Mas, TOM He MOK BRASKATHCA MpHIHABLINM naacnicre apyrux. Xro Me woaogis nium, tol He a0Gosaaannit enananaTH npaga wHUIMx, 3a HWM AKMAGTHCA NpaBo POGHTH BCe, NO sHaiiqe HOTPIGHUM . .. Pixre TaKOK raac, WO ACAKH ypay nO coil ApUpogi, Ma6 TeHTEHMitO POGHTH cee HenorpiOnnm. 2) Ue imocrpyeteca y Mpyaowa takmm mpuxaajom: ,4onowik — saacunk, nomoGosnk - Bononap xinKH*. &Teep Mpyon. y BIAHOWeHHIO AO HUX TinbKA yayppyktyapiem. Xai xe mojMta Kop! CTY6TbCA BATBOPAMM MpHposM, alle Hexaii Bi_MOBHTHCA Bi NpeTeHait GyTH BsaCHHKOM Ingibiqu BMipaioTe, alle CyKYNHICTh 3aJIMLUaéTLCA, i akon Bi¥Horo UitOro He MOKe 3anexKATH Bi, Horo THMYAcOBOT yacTHHH ... BO KOKJOrO pasy, KOM 3ABAGTHCA Ha CBiT HORA icTota, o6fapoBana Bovlelo, cTapi MyCATb noTicHUTHCA. Beemoncpxe NOroPKeHHA fa iCHYBAHHA BAACHOCTH, KOAH-6 HaBiTb Takai poroBip Oys i aK-6u ni nMM cTomaH nignicn uioro poay AONCdKOTO, GY.10-O HedAKOHHUM, Go JORMA He MOKE BIAMOBUTHCA Bis npaui Tax caMo, aK i of Boni. NpuahaHHa-k, HanpuKstag, npasa no- BEMENbHO! BACHOCTH ECTb OAMOB.IEHHA Bil 3aco6iB npaui, OAMOBEHHA Bil HaTypasibHoro mpaka if MoxcbKOT riquocTH. A BCeOAChKe NpH- BHAHHA MpaBa BAACHOCTH MOxKe 3fiiicHMTHCA TiIbKM Npu3sHanHAM itoro 1a BCIX PiBHOCTH, 3 PiBHOCTH>K He MOXKHA BUNpPaBlaTH HepibHOCTH icnytounx ymon saachoctu. Ilo vetseptili Teopii ropoputbca, uo »84KOH CTBOPMB mpaBo BiacHocTH™. flificHo, B MMHYyAOMy Gy.10 jO- UVIBHAM BCTAHOBHTH MbK BONOZApAMH NocTifini posamExeHHA B inTe- pecax pibtocTu, HeOGxiqnoi Aaa cycninbHO! Seaneynoctu it Wt TOrO, WWO6H KOKI Mir KOPUCTyBaTHCA OBONAMM CBOE Mpayi. Ane B cTapo- WaBHi YACH OCHOBRMKH NalyBaHHA BAaCHOCTH He nepenOayaM, WO npago, ake im 3japanoca ypisiioio4wuM, 60 BOHO 6y70 sarambHuM, HOTArHe 8a COGOIO Npako BiAYYKyBATH, NPOMaBaTH, AapyBaTH, 36yBATH fi upuaOawaTu, ul0 BOHO TarHe 3a COOOIO 3HMUeHHA PiBHOCTH, pal ako! fioro BcTaHoBHM. TocwaatoTbcaA Ha jaBHicTb, ane Yac — pipnnit maa Bcix i He Moke crBopuTH Hiyoro, Cycniabnuit ray i Seanesnicth BMMaraM TiIbKM rapanTiit BONOAIHHA; Ha BILO—>K 3aKOH CTBOpHB BaachicTh? Inctityt BAacHOcTH, BUTBIP HeKyJbTypPHOrO po3symy, Po- 3YMOM~Ke OiIbIY POSBHHEHUM MOKE OyTH cKacoBauHi, Ilo narifi Teopii KaxkyTh wapeuiti, WO ,,BTacHicTh cTBOpena mpauero“. Aue suojMHa, sanepeuye [TIpygou, He BUTBOpIOE MaTepii; 30KPeMa—K 3EMJUO TpyA He crBopuB. BupoGunutBo no HeoGxiguocTi KoneKTiBHe; He MOKHA OOrpyHTOByBATH BACHOCTH Ha BHapsAAA mpaui. Seman, AK i HajOanui Kanitan, 6yy4n BaacHicTio cycninbHOW, He MOKe OyTH O66KTOM mpxBaTHO! BracnoctTH. BaacHicth — joHbKa npaui, iponisys Mpynom, ae wo-k Toi npaso Ha npupict, Ha cnaqlumHy, Ha Aa- PYBaHHA, AK He NPaBO POOMTHCA BACHHKOM ULIAXOM MpAMoi OKy- nauii? 3 Hepisnocta sgi6vocteii i noBctato4oi Bi, Toro GithUI0i Mpo- aykuiltnoctu, Ha aymxy [Ipyfona, Tax camo He MOvKHa BuBeCTH MpaBo- MIPHOCTH BylacHOCTH. bynkuit oKpemux monet B cycninperBi He CXOKI ogua Ha oguy, i Tomy ichyiors pixni agi6uocri... Te, wo nuni apyTe HepibeHcTBOM afiGnocteli, 3a Cinbule MacTHBAX yMOB Oye HABHBATHCH piknomanitnicrio agiGnocteli ... Tlogi6xo Tomy, AK BUTBIP KOKHOrO sHapAAAA NpoAyKuil EcTb Ha- CsHOK KONeKTHBHO! CMs, Tak camo i TataHT i HayKa B mo_HHi — HaCHIQOK 3aranbHO! inTenireHTHOcTH Hf 3aranbHOro 3HaHHA, MOBiTbHO 9Mpop. O. Minyiok. HagOanoro ... AKi-6, sHaduTb, He Oy.am 3aiGHOCTI JNOAMHM, pas BOHK crBopeni, Bonn ii Ginpile He HaslexKaTb, 60 BOHa cama — BHTBIp cy- cninbeTsa ... Spiqcw Bunausas Bumora [Ipygona npo e_uucTEo i piB- nicTh BHHaropogu.!) B coi xputnui Ipynon suxogutb 3 HaiiBnujoro Jaa smogei 83aKOHY —~ CNPaBeIHBOCTH, MPO AKy MH 3HAEMO 3 CTaBHOSBICHOrO pe- yenna: ,,PoOH G.wKHDOMy CBOMy Te, WO cO6i GaxaeuI; He pobu Apyromy Toro, yoro co6i ne xoueul.“ Poarsayaioun 3 yboro no- Taagy pbxxi wopigmuni oOrpynTosatna inctiryty BaacHocTH, Ha Horo AYMKYy, He MOXKHA He MpHiiTH oO posyminnA piBHocTH, 60 cnpaBel- aupicth i piBHicTh 3aBxKIM BAXOAATS ieHTMYHHMH, PIBHOCTH-~KE — He~ rauia Biacnoctu. Bin noGopropak npabHe BHNpaBsahHA ByIACHOCTH, aye icnys we Ginbute pivese OOrpyHTyBannA Uboro incTiTyTY, a BACHE, 3 Mlormagy cycnistbHol Kopucnocta, Ha nboro [pyzom He aseprys ysaru. Tum yacom panini toro Cex-Cimonicra niggasu xputaui inctityT BAACHOCTH BKE fi y BIZHOWIeHHIO 40 CycnimbHO KOpHCHOCTH: 3 M0- rasgy oro noxkuTOYHOCTH, NpoAyKuitHocTH i npaBHocTu pasom. LI]o6 noOopropaTH BAaCHicTh HUH, HeOGXiHO AOBeCTH, UO CKacyBaHHaM uboro ixctityty mogcKicth HiNoro He BTpaTHTb. Bce>x, xou MMpy- MOHOBAa KPUTHKAa BACHOCTH Hi OHOGOKa, XO4 ii CHa B3aBAAUyE TIADKK caa6octi apryMentib npoTHBHAKiB, ane Tpaxtat npo Batacnicrb Mpy- OHA Maé, NO MpHaHannto Ajosbda Barnepa, Te enoxarbHe sHayinHt B €KOHOMIIli, LIO HMM, MOKe, MMMO BO/i aBTOpa, HaHeceHO pilly4Hit yap Bcim cnpo6am O6rpyHToByBaTH BjacHiCcTh Ha AKHX-Gyqb 3a~ Taabuax npinuinax. Cam Barnep neperasjae uiauit weper wopiquanax Teopiit Bracnoctu, Jleranbua, HaiiGinbule CHbHila 3 HayKOBOrO GoKy, Teopia Gyays BlacHicth Ha ichysaHHio saKoHy, ae xiGa saKOH He MoxKe OyTH Y BCAKHH MOMeHT sMinenuit? Teopil-x, Oyayrouili npy— BaTHY BaCHICTh Ha npupogi moAMHH, 4H Ha MOBYAasHiii aGo BUpasHO BunBaeHid arogi Bcix Wenig cycniabcTBa, NPOTHBHMKH inpiBizyaniamy NPOTHCTABNMOTS BUMOTY 3ara/IbHO! B/ACHOCTH, MOTHBYIO4H THM CaMHM i HeoOxiguicts 3aGesneyuTn BCiM i KOKHOMY PiBHi NpaBa Ha YKUTTA uacta. Teopia norosopHa rpyHtyeTbca Ha HiKOAM He ichyBaBLMx bakTHyHO ymosax, Ha dikuii. Tpyaopa Teopia BracnocTH nporosouye paso inpibiga Ha noBuMit npoxyKT cBoei npaui, ane-x BoHa HaCaM- Tepe] HeNPHAOKHA AO BeMAi, GO 3eMIA B3OBCIM He 6CTb NPOAYKTOM npaui... ,B mpaeatHiii Baacnocti*, — nuue nicaa cBoro avanisy pixnux Teopit Barnep, — ,MH Ma6éMO jiO0 He 3 NpApoAHO-HeOb- XiJHOIO, 3 NPMPOM JNOAMHM BUNMBAHOYOIO KaTeropielo, HE 3 YHCTO- eKOHOMINHOIO KaTeropiélo, MPO AKy MOMKHa Gyn0-6 cKasaTH, WYO 6es Hei HEMOKAMBUM Gy.10-6 ichyBaHHA rocnosapcTBa, a TibKH 3 icTO- PuyHOIO KaTeropielo Ilpupatua Baacnicth Ha 3emmo fi Kanitan, AK ABMINA, BHNJIMBAIOY 3 EKOHOMINHO! LOUIIBHOCTH, HE MOMKYTb po3- }) Mlopisnara @ ,lcropicio moat. sxouomin“ MuxaauiesceKoro, ctop. 386-391. 10Msep Mpyaon. raqiataca, AK BiMHi yCTaHORM npaga it HapogHoro rocnogapcTBa ... SBiACH BUTLIMBaE NOCTY.TAT: He NPUNVHEHHA B POSBUTKOBI, ane JaTbIE AouimbKe TpancopmysannA uioro inctityty BracHOCTH B Mipy BMinH NOTpe6 i HAHOBO MpHsHAHMX HapOAHbO-rocnogapcbKHX PyHKuUi Cy4ac- woro npaga.t) A ie OfMH npefcTasHuK Toro camoro couiADHO- eTHYHOTO HaNpAMKY B NOiTHYHI eKOHOMii, WO i Barnep, npod. Jian, BHSHaIONN, WO Bci a6ctTpakTHi Teopii mpo BracHicTs Hi¥oro He BapTi, pasom 3 THM saysaxkae: ,IcTopia noseMeNbHO! BAaCHOCTH BHKAayE, UO 110 CBOMY icTOpHAHOMY NOXOMKEHIIO BOHA SAcHOByETHCA He TIABKH Ha HapOfHbO-rocnogapcbkux i COuiiAbHO-NOAITHYHAX MipKyBAHHAX AOUMHOCTH, ate ,ii Ha niqmernocti Ta nacuaBcTei“.2) Mx 3aKinyHMO nepexas amicty neputoi npaui Mpyaona caiayrouoro oninKor ii 3 6oxy Mapxca: ,,.Kuura Tpynona mpo ssacticre“, — nucas y 1843 p. Mapkc, —",nesmiuit epox nayki yrepea, — ‘xpox, 10 apepopmynan noairwiny exonomio i 8 Hepule 3poGus MOKAMBMM MilicHO HayKOBy 6ynismo nosiTHyHol eKOHOMii.“ {[pyroto B xpononormunomy nopsaky nepeppesomouiinoio npa- ueto [pynona 6y1a toro ,Systéme des contradictions économiques ou philosophie de la misére“, To6-To ,,Cicrema exonomiunux mpo- Tupiy um cpinocomin ssuqHis“ uo B 2-x TOMaX BuiiUIAa B 1846 poui. Binomuit Bpyxo Liabqe6pana 3a nei spasy euanas IIpyjona Halipu- AaTHIIMM MHCaMTeem enoxu. MapKc, ujo no oco6ucTii Brayi He Tepnis nopy4 3 co6ow pibnux fiomy, a samme noxsonnuKis i Hacai- Aysauib, B 4Yac BHxXOAY Uei Npayi BKe HasaBKAM posiiimosca 3 Tpy- QOHOM i B Hampas.tenilt npoTu coro BYOpauiboro Apyra npaui ,,.Misére de la philosophie*, To6-ro ,3aagni dinocopii* — nepedppasonannii saronoBox [IpygonoscpKoi npaui — qoBo_uTe NOBHy HayKOBy HikycM- nicth Fpygona. Tyra-Bapatoscpxnii xeanidixye ueli taip Mapxca, ak B3ipellb NpHCTpacTHol KpuTHKH, a ,EKonomiyni mpotupivun* Ipy- Nowa BBaxKae 3a OMHY 3 THX HayKOBUX Npallb, WO po6sATS B Hayui enoxy; BiH BHCAOBIIOG chpapeiMBy ray, Wo Ges ,EKOoHOMi4HHX npotupiy“ IIpygona 6ys-6u ne MoxkamBuit i ,Kaniran“ Mapxca, 60 »EKouOmiuni mporapivua’ spo6un Ko.1bOcanbHHit BAMB Ha aBTopa »Kanitata“, WO TaKHM YHHOM BIIKMLaB AKOCTI TBOpPy, AKOMY BiH CaM 6ys aye 306oBaaaHHii.3) A Haiinosiltnit ictopuK i KpaTMK couiasiamy Jlipman ypakaé Haapany npawo IIpygona rosopnum jioro TROpoM, MalouwM fia ictopii couiasismy KonbOCanbHeE 3HayinHs.4) SasnamBUIH, ULO 3aqayeio HayKH mpo cycninecTBo é6cTh gZocaig mpouecy cycniaroro possutky, TIpyzon B ,ExovomivHux npoTH- __ }) Grundiexung der politischen Oekonom i caia. 3) Lityio no Mukaamencsxomy, crop. 403. 3) Jlusitcs toro ,Ouepxn 3% McTopin“. . . poagia npo Tpyaona. *) Prof. R. Liefman: Geschichte und Kritik des Socialismus“, 1922 p., crop. 75. 8. Aufl. Teil IL, crop, 230 IlMpop. O. Mawuok. piv4ax“ a6 KPHTMKY BCIX CyYaCHHX eKOHOMINHMX KaTeropilt, Haxo- AAG, UO B OCHOBI ix icnyioTb HaTypatbHi mpoTupiyua. Bei dopa HMHILUHIX CKOHOMI4HHX BIHOCHH, 3 OHOTO GOKYy, CNPUAIOTh pOsBHT- Kosi, 8 APyroro-K, raabMytoTb Horo, ULO ABOUTS BiH NeperAAROM mepery ekouoMivnux inctiryris, nowmaioun 3 nigpasman BcEoro Gyaunky exovomisoi HayKu, uinnocTH ... ,Exonomictu“, — Kaxe BIH, -— ,POapdxHAIOTh ABA pORM uiHHOCTH — cnoxKMBYy it MinOBY. B skomy-—k BiJHOUIeEHHIO CTOATL OfHa ZO OnHO! ui ABI piKHI dopmn uinnoctH? 36iawenna nponosinii Kpamy 36ineulye saranbHy cymy ix KOpHcHocTH, Tx cnOoxKKBYO HIHHOCTH, are, 3 Apyroro oxy, sHWKYE ix punouny winy, a cyMa ix KOPMCHOCTH HaBNakH CTaé MeHLLIOIO. Buxoguts, 0 Mbk MiHOBOIO i CnooKMBYOIO WinHicTIO icHyé BAYTPINIHE npotupivua. “um menue MaeTbca B npuponi noTpi6uux pA Hac npeametis, THM BOHM JOpoxKui*. Yepes ue Mani ypoxaii yacto Girpuie BuriquAii iA xniGopoba, HDK ypoxaii rapunii, Baraytso BHpOOHMKa BUXOJMTh PiBHOCHIBHHM 6iguocti cnoxuBaya .. .“ BiqkpuBLIM NPOTHPI44A B OCHOBHUX KaTero- piax bk cnoskus4oto if Minogoro inHicTiO, Bin UyKas ix npHMMpeHHA. Mi MOxeMO yaBUTH co6i, KaxKe Bin, cBIT GarallTBa, AK OMHY Macy, aKa XimivHOIO CH10I0 aBAgaHa, AO AKO Ges MepecTanKy jOmaloTECA HOBi e1eMeHTY, 3’61HaHi MDK COOOIO B PdKHHX BiHOUWIeHHAX, ale 10 nebuomy saxony. Lintictb-ue 6 Te BiqnoUeHta (nponopuia), mo aKOMY KOKAMH 3 MX eseMeHTIB TBOPHTD YacTHHy UiOrO.“ S6arnyTA npH- Posy uinHocTH — aHa4yHTh BuHaiTH saKOH Nponopuiinoctu npoxyKTi, UMX CKaAOBMX YaCcTHH cycnisbHorO Garaurea. 1 mpesiomyio cuay, UNO BBAayE MbK COGOIO eMeMeHTH cBiTy GaralTBa B NeBHOMY BiHO- wenHio (nponopuii) fi TBOpuTh 3 Hux enMHy uinicTh, Llewo cuno1o é6cTb npaus. ,[Ipaya Ta Tinbku npala, Ue Ta CHa, WO BATBOpIOS BCi esemeHTH cBity GarayTea i 3akoHoMipno aBasye fioro MoneKyn B MiHAMBe, ane O3HaYeHe BiLHOWeHHA (Mponopuito); npaua, uo NpH- BOAMTb B pyX GarauTBa, NoiGHO NO TOrO, AK AyX POGHTb MaTepito, Mos oKuBOI0.. Beamxa KinbKicth, p>kHOManitnicts i mponopuiiinicrh — OT TpH yMosH GarauTBa.“ [la nponopuilinocru GarauTBa HeOOxi_HO aHaTH mpawo, noTpiGuy ans BHpoOHMUTBA KOKAOrO MpeaMeTy, 6o »KOKIMH NpoAyKT penpesentye coGow BIOKeHy B HbOrO npatyo“. Tak npotupiv4a mbx croxKuByoIo (Tesic), Ta MinoBOIO (anTiTe3ic) WIHHOCTAMH, aHTINOMiA, WIO BHMIMBaG 3 caMOi NpupogH pivell, npu- MMPAETbCA B CinTesi, B UiHHOCTI NPonopuiiHo! npani, B TPynoBiit uinnocti, ,dans son tout“, y Bcbomy ji winomy, aky Bin HasuBac koncTityHiopanow uinnictio, Ha 3anepeyenns, ulO npaua 6cTb TaKuit camuii kpaM, aK i Bci nimi, [pynon moscnios, wo Tpya Maé wiH- HicTb, ane He AK KPaM, a AK CaMOCTiiiHe WKepetO UiHHOCTH. LinnicTS npaui, kaxe Bik, He Oinbie, AK cirypanbHHii BuCAiB, aK piKuia, NOAIGHO npogykuifioctu Kanitany. Cnpapji-x npaus npogykys, a Kaniraa — pocuintoetsca ... Kopucuicts npeametis o6ymos.106 co6oro uiinicTb, 12Meep Mpyaon. Upaua osayye Bi,HOWeHHA, WiHa 3 NeBHYMM BIAXHeEHHAMH Nepenac ue BiqnOWeHHA. 3 ichyiouoro npotupiv4a cnoxkuB40i fi MiKOBO; UinHOCTeli, i Tomy, uo OyayBaHHA UiHHOCTH NpopyKTiB BHKAOYHO Ha Oasi mpaui me He icnye, aneKatb Bci HeraTMBHi ABHIA cyYacHoro rocnosapcEKorO Nally — poscrpii Kpamogoro oGopory, noTpacenta Kpegity, mpo- Mucu0Bi, TPOLOBi Ht TOproBezbHi Kpi3sH, HepiBerCcTBO BAHarOpogH pobiT- HMKIB, BMBMCK OMHMX WieHiB cycnipcrBa Apyrunu, GignicTb GimpulocTit naceaenua. Koau-6 kpama oOmiHIoBa.IMca B Nponopuii 3 npayeto, TO KOOKHMM jicTaBaB-6u BAKaroposy nponopuiiiHy cBOiM sacayraM . . . ‘SAk-6n OGmin Og6yBaBca Ha OcHOBI TpyMOBO! piBHoUinHOCTH, TO po- GiTHHK, BIAIONH CBOIO Npaito Kanitasticty, Sys Ou AicTaBaB Bin HbOTO BCO CTsOpeHy npaueio uinHicTb, i BHsHcK Npani Kaniratom noBuHelt 6u Oye npunnnutuca. Kom nmpogykt Gyqe HatexatTH Tomy, xTO fioro BUpOOnB, WiHHicTh KOHCTITyeTbCA, TOO-TO OGepHeTBCA B TPygoBy, i »Mpaus KOKMOK OAM He Gyne MATH HNIOL MOKAMBOCTH, Onpit kynipai Taxoi camoi winnocTH, aKa MicTuTbcA 8 fioro MpoayKTi, i WA winnicTh 6yge nponopuiina nocayram Bcix HHINAX poGiTHHKiB.“ Boake nopyiwenns cnpapessimBoctu migquac o6Miny osnayac, uyo pobiTAHK — nmpuecenuii B XKePTBY, LO KPOB OANO! AoAMHM MepeBereHa pO Ti:1a apyrot. LLo-K nepeiikopKaé Tomy, LAO KONCTITYIOBAHIIA He BCTAHOB- MO06THCA? BIACHICTh —- a60 WO Te caMe, — BiJcyTHICcTh BOs. ,Becb noctyn cycninperea MicTHTbCA B GopoTOi 3a KoHCTiTyIOBaHHA UiH- HOCTH, i NOAITHYHA CKOHOMIA HE WO HME, AK icropia Ke GopoTEOu. 3 nporupivia y Buxiquomy nyxKti nozitaunoi exonomii Gepyth novaToK BHYTPilUHi NPOTUpiN4A MEIUMX KaTeropiit HapogHboro rocno- Japcrsa, Hacamnepey B posnogizy npaui. , Cneuissisauia npani s6inuye B BeAMYesHUX posMipax Horo MpogyKuiitHicTD i BILMHHAG TOACbKOCTI WHPOKHA WAX JO HarpomamKeHHA GaraurBa H sHaHtAa. Ane, 3 apy- roro Goxy, posnogist npaui nonewomos oOAMny, pobuTb Horo cainum sHapAMYAM B PyKax Tocnonaps, s6iabinye BAMAHi Hi TeMHOTY HIDKUHX xaacib wapogy fi nepenae Bei Gaara uiBi i nepeamuKit xynui o6panuis. Hone npoTupiy4s, UO POsBASYETHCA APYFUM YIEHOM EKOHO- mivHo! cepii — MauimHamu. Bunaxofom mallvk npom“cazoBHii renili sOAMHM MpoTectyé npoTH posapoG.ienns ii cneuisnisayil npaui. Jiicuo, mio Take MawuMna? Lie -—3’eqnaHia B ONHOMy uiOMy THX CTpyMeH- Tib, AKMMM PaHill Mpawosano KisbKa poOiTHAKiB.t) B ubomy 3micti sapegenia Malin, m0 cBoix HacainKax, npamo npotuiexe mii posnoginy npaui. Mamma nopiHna 3MeHiHTH JUOACbKy Npauto, 8Hu3HTH UiHy MposyKti, spo6uTu yinH nposyKTiB 1) B no6y poaxuiry xaniraniamy aipepenuiauin axapsn npayi we Menwac, a noulMpwerscs, csraioun it Ha Maun. BoM nowualor. aaminjaTH oKpeMi CTpyMeHTH, pai oci6unx po6itHuxis, Hesipaa aymka Mpyaoxa noscuweteca THM, WO BiH OKHE Ha MOKi TOMDA PAHHbOW KaniTanicTAYHO! it eTOXOI NOB- woro poskuiry Kaniraniamy. 13Tipo. O. Muwpok NpucTyNHMMH BCIM KacaM HaceweHHA, AaBaTH iMNybC flO HOBHXx TexHiUHMX BUNaxo_iB Ta cnpuATH Tpiymdy MoxMHA Hag rpyOumn cH1aMM Hpxpogu. Maina — ciMBOA JOACbKOI BO, aTpi6yT Hao; MoryTHocTH. Aste THM CaMMM, WO MALIK 3MeHUyIOTh Mpa po- GiTHuKa, ameHUyéTbCH MonMT Ha podoui pykH Ht Ges KapanKa xaiGa MallMHa BHKWjaé POOITHHKIB 3 BMpOOHMUTBA . . . BuTicHeHHa poGitHnka——xponine wnxo, ulocb Ha KUTaIT xOnepu. SK i posnogin npaui— Malu OmHONacHO cyTb i wWKepetOM GarayTea i aTanbROIO NPHYHHOHO BAMAHIB, BAPO/KEHHA, 3’ABNeHHA NpOAeTapiaTy . . . Couustoqch Ha sinbniit KonKypenuii caigyioyoi eKonomiynoi xateropii, TIpyqon nomivae scim Biomi Buroqu ii jaa Hacenenns, axe jlictae gemepuie noTpiOni fiomy Kpamu i xtimuoi sKocTH. Bossa Tak camo noTpiGHa jWIA JiATBHOCTH MOAKHH, AK TOBITpPA, LYOO wuixati. JIMue BisbHa JOXMHa MOXKe JOCATTH BENMKUX HaCJIJKIB, AK B MaTepianbHiii, Tak i B jAyxoBii, OOnacTi. Ane He QMBINYMCh Ha ui go6pi wacainKH KonKypeHuii, eKOHOMIcTH He OAKMAaIOTR TOrO, WO KOHKYPeHUlia OBOAUTh QO CBOE MPOTHEXHOCTH, NO MOHOTOMIi. Tipapga, B MoHOnOsiT BOHM BOaYaIOTL JIMMIE a1OBKUBAHHA KOHKy- penuieto; no [Ipyzony-*« mononosia — He 310mKMBaHHA, a NpHpoRUMit i HemMnyunit npinuin Konkypenuii. Kouxypennia, yOusaioun KoHKy- penyiio, nopowKys MoHONOziI0, ak cBOIO Herayiio. Mononosia — npupognuit i Heo6xignuit Hacnigox sori, Haropoqu 3a nepemory B eKOHOMINNIi GopoTLOi ne NO_PKYS CHAbHiWM i Cras MOHONOAICTOM, ‘UHM CHIbHiLIa KOHKypeHtia, TAM HEMMHyYilwa MoHONOsiA. Monono.in aimumit cTimya alogcbKot enepril, sazgaxn if poctyte nponyKuilini CHM cycniecTBa..., 3 Apyroro-K GoKy, MoHOno.lid — MoryTHa npuumua cycnitbHoro 3aHenagy. Latifundia perdidere Italiam. Bona 8B KOpinIio NpoTMeEKHa pibeHCTBy i Yepes Te BOPOXKA BCAKOMY NO- cTyny; pospupae cami HMabKi incTINKTM B MOAMH i Bepe Jo pabcrBa Ta anManis. Tax no 4epsi nepeGupaioun ekonomi4ni KaTeropii — nogaTKH, TOproBesbHMit GaaHc, KpegitT, a nOTIM BulacHicTh i KOMyHi3M, — BiH BHAXOJUTb B HMX BHYTPiNi npoTupid4s, Hemmny4i, AoKn icnye npoTH- pivat Mix cHOKHBYOIO Ht MIHOBOIO UHHOCTAMH, i ROKM He sananye Tpyqoba wWinHicTh: Bce B OgHaKonMii Mipi itomy ajaceThCa MOKHA i Kapratu i XBaJMTH. Ax nepwa Mpyqonoga npaust npo Buacnicts, Tak i _onipo nepe- kasana apyra, Ginbin r1m6oKa i A0api.ia npaus npo exoHoMmi4Hi NpOTH- pid4a, Maé KPHTHYHHH XapaKTep y Bi,HOWeHHIO JO KanitasicrayHoro: slany. Bucaopaennmn B HMX AYMKAMM LIMpOKO 3KOpMcTaloTbCA mpH- XHJbHUKH Tak 3BAHOTO HayKOBOTO couiasiamy, AKOFO MpeATeYoIW no cnpaBexsMBocTH MOKHa BBaxaTH [pygona. Cnpagai, ue BHAKO BKE ua Mapxcosi. Mpynon aapnauHam eKoHOMidHO! HayKM BBaKAB Bip- KpHTTA 3aKOHY PO3sBUTKY CyYacHoro rocnofapcbKoro aajy, i noTiM Mapxe tax camo. Tpygqon roropus, wo mpaus, GyayyH cy6ctanuieio 14Thep Mpyxon. uiHHOCTH, Cama He MOKE MaTH UiHHOCTH. MapKc B 1847 p., B ,SaKA- uax (pinocopii* Bucmitonas ue THepMKeHHA, WOH Yepes ABA_UATE PoKiB JOBOAHTH TOii-Ke, paHil OcMitopaHHit Tesic, WO MpauA He MOKE MATH winHOcTH.1) Hema YOrO AMByBATHCb, KOM NOTIM OpTO- AOKcasbHi MapKcicTH Tesic MpyfoHa yBaxaioTb ,,OCHOBHUM BiKPHTTAM Mapxca*.2) B uinnocti [Mpyzon BGayaB saxon nponopuiiinocta cycnimbHoro BMpOGHMUTBA, 10 B igeati BCTaHOBIAETKCA Npauelo; B TpysoBiii uinnocti [Ipyzona Micrurbca ined pisnoctu it Boni poditauka; Tomy BiH CnpapesmMBO HasMBae CBOIO TeOpii0 YIHHOCTH peBO.OUiiiHOIO reopielo MaiiGyTuboro. Mapxc saxwjaB TIpygonoxi waibnicts ,,yea- .KATH peBOJOUIiHOIO Teopicio MaiiGyTHBOFO Te, WO Pikap”o HayKOBO oOrpyHTyBaB, #k Teopiio ichyiou¥oro Gypxyasnoro cycniabcTBa“... i caM TpygoBy Teopiio UiHHOCTH BuBHae Teopieto icHylouNx Kanita- sticTH4uMx BiguocuH. TyT Mapxc smuimBca opirinanbaam i spasy nonajaé B ipakTuuny i TeopeTMuHy noMMAKy. 3 daxTnyHoro GoKy uesipso Mapkcone Teepm@xenna, GyuiM-To Pikapyo Bu3HaBaB NpaLto 6MHHM, a He TOOBHILIMM B pay MHIWHX, dakropom ujHHOCTH; 8 TeopeTH4i0ro-K GoKY, AOKA B TOCTONapcbKoMy say He icnys uponopuifixocra cycnizsioro sHpoGumurka i ROKK Ha Yoni BApOO- HMyTBa CTOITh Kanitaticr, AoTM He NpaysA perysoe nepecisni winn xpamy, a BATpaTH npogykuii i, sHa4yHTb, MepeHocuTH aGcomoTHy Tpygony tTeopiio uinnocta Ha Kanirasticruune cycuiabcTBo, aK Te po6uth Mapxc, Hemonksampo. AK Bke NOMITHB YNTAY, IIpyoH yoKHBAG rerewescbhkuii MeTOg piatexTH4Horo possuTKy. Bin cTaBuTb neBHi notoxKinna i HamMaraeTbca ix MOOopoTH, cTaBUIM Ha To4Ky normAAy npotupxuKka. [lotim ¥acto cxojutb 3 uiei nosiyii i HenOMiTHO Mepe- XOJMTb Ha ZOBCIM NpOTHIEKHY TOUKy Morsay, i no6uBaé npoTHB- HNKa BKE MHIUMMM ApryMeHTaMM, BBATHMM 3 HHWOTO OGcary ¢i10- codiunux raqox. Ognoro pasy Bin posmipKosye 3 noraagy inTepecia oco6u, Apyroro — winoro cycniapcTBa. Bee ye 4a10 npubi, Mapxcosi gopixarn Tpygovosi foro Hepoayminta metogy Tereas, ake suapas- 6TbCA B TOMY, UNO BCE, MOBAIAB, Ma6 CBOIO orally ii HerapHy cTopony. Ane ii tyT kpxtaka Mapxca Hecnpaseqinea: [Ipygon He ripuie Koroch muloro, B Tomy 4ucni i Mapxca, poaymis, wo it morani Goxn cy- CHiabHHX KaTeropili, ECTb HaTyPaJIbHHii HacaiMOK POsBUTKy, XO4¥ i B BiJBOpoTHOMY HanpsaMKy, a HepospuBHO cnonyyeHi amxi HM po6pi Gok Kinelb KIHUeM MPKBOJATh NO NOABeHHA HOBMX i BMUIMX Cy- cniabHux cops. 1) B romi | ,Kanirana“ (nepexaag nin peaaxuier M1. B. Crpyse) crop. 42, onlowiujasrbca ,rpy601 NOMMTKOIO BYABFapHO! EKOHOMI, LYO NONepeR NpestOMyE uinnicTs Tosapy-npaui, wo6 notim wisi uinnicrio osHayaTH uinHiCcTh MHUIAX ‘rosapia“. * Kayrcexuii_ csoii ,Karl Marx’ dkonomische Lehren“, 1894 p. crop. 183-184, muse: ,Mapxe snepule Aoxin, 10 TpyA— He KpaM, i Yepes Te HE Mac ninKol winHOCTH, Xo¥a Tpya —- HKepeno fi Mipwno BCAKO! UuinHOCTHY. 15