Decimals

representing
We recall from class 4 that decimals are a way of
can
with the denominators l0, 100 and 1000. We learnt how
fractions
into fractions and vice versa. We have also
learnt to add,
M a t h sLab Activity to convert decimals revise
subtract, multiply and divide decimals. Let us

r e l a t i o n
between these
be arger tracto what we already know.
Activity:understanding ofthe 05,
Aim of the like 03,
children' whose denominator is lo( results in one decimal place
To develop f r a a c i l o n
Fraction Decimal A fraction
(igures) tigures)
decimals rds)
0 6 , etc
What You Need: One Unit and
decimal places like
O n e Tenth

Ont o whose denominator is l00 results in a two

Board
One Unitand TO 2
One poi A fraction 0.06, etc.
0
Two Tenths
0.03, 0 05,
3
Pencil
denominator is l0003 5 6 results in a three decimal
A fraction whose 1000 000 1000
the
Lab Work: out
with

Oneppa l a c e s like 0003, 0005, 0006,

carried etc.
can be shown
drawn

This activity with the table children OneUnitand

class
SxTenths
whole individual
(and with the
on the board to
complete

Coming
to the front 8
10
Decimal Place Value Chart
increases ten times as wee
activity). the table
by and numeration, we learnt that the value of a digit
should complete in In number the left.
2 Children
spaces.
Numbers
move its
place towards
the blank One
the
filling same
value (i.e.,
the value of a digit becomes one-tenth, each time we move its place to
each row have the One). In decimals,
One point
and One Tenth
=ll =

right.
Unit
Read and understand.

This is a place value chart for 34,56,283 576

Vocabular decimal point

TL L TTh Th H T h th

whole fraction 3 4 5 2 5 6
point

roundingoff tenths hundredths C

thousandths
 called. tenths.
is
point

of
the
d e c i m a l

point
is
called
hundredth
right
ndths,
decimal
thousa

place
to
the
ofthe is
called
t t to decimal and write the numbers.
first point
E Con
The right
the
actions. For
ample, n then
decimal

to fract.
place
The secorerond

the right
ofthe n u m b e r s
from
the

ne
third
place
to
whole 3004* 00
oarates
the
The decimal separ

2 40+2T000
345.65
as O 65 (as there aret decim
345 whole number be
written

can
which
fractional
number 3 20060+7+ 00+0
O65

s. Write the
the plac 45 0
Exercise 9
n u m b e r S .

write
these
ue of
value
chart
and
Fill in the blanks with >,< and =.
place
A. Make a
underlined digit in
each. 3. 273
2 56 0.12
0.21 2 3.56 3.056
2365 6 14985
5 3.267 265/100 20.021
4 71.214 3 265 4 20.20
decimals.
as
B. Express 48
3 613 00 5. 3/100 3/10 6. 37.821 37812
2 16 T00

G. Circle the lowest number in each row.

4 360 s
65 5.07 5.70 5.17
2 19.72 1792 17.29
19 00 3 53.081 6.388 60318

terms. H. Circle the highest number in each row.

C. Express as fractions in their lowest
3. 025 4 5.5 L33.50 68.15 92.15 30.05
02 2 I0.02 S. 03
I.O5
2 18618 168 166.82 06.88
7. 4.308 8. 9.25 0. 63
6. 0975 3 70.325 7.302 73.25 72.30

D. Write the decimal part of the following numbers in words.

L.Write the following in ascending order.
26.74 2 6274 3272, 32.74, 3217, 3212

3 73.278 512484 2 703,7.33, 7.39, 7.04

3 4.50,4.05, 5.04, 5H0

80
 descenu
following
in
the
J W r i t e

4009
Step 2 We multiply the multiplicand by 2.
400093,
40093,
Step 3 We multiply the multiplicand by 6
400 39, We multiply the multiplicand by 5.
0006 Step

0065,
0605,
0566,
Step 5 43.54 has two decimal places and 0.562 has three decimal places.
2

34042,
3494 Step 6 So, in the product, the decimal point is put after five places from the right as
the total number of decimal
3 3440, 34.04, places in the multiplier and muitiplicana 1s
Ve
numbers.

decimal

K. Add
the given
2 165369
264.27
While adding or
Exercise 92
decimals, Subta
Write theremembe
276
6278 +36.832
Find the product.

+375 276
4. 76104
other digit on.
so that 15.23 7 2. 674 3 38.35
3 618 26 x

numbers. points are in the dere

vertical line. thesSam 4.8 5 5.732
decimal 4. 28.12 6 8.17 x 36
Subtract
the given 021
- 378.39
2 621400 2. Convert unlike der 7. 56.362 5 8. 415.26 x 3.02 9 253.175 x 12
2373
56.37 to like etim I.5 Il. 862.31 4.2
adding decimals
- 61.76 0 325.312 x 243 2 38.16
4. 83.76 O in hu
3 42308 - 226165 the end
Multiplying Decimal Numbers by l0, 100, 1000, etc.
Decimal Numbers Suppose we multiply 42 by 10.
Multiplication of 10 420
42 x

the same way

as whole numbers We notice that 12 jumps one column to the left in the place value system. Now, let us
decimals is done We COU multiply 10 with a decimal number.
Multiplication of
places in the multiplier
and
multiplicand and
the total number of
decimal
decimal point in the product, so it has the same purt Example 3: Multiply 45* 10.
number of decimal places.
45
So once again our number has jumped one column to the left in the decimal place value
To system.
Multiplication of a Decimal by a Whole Number 3 I0.
Example 4: Multiply 36.72 *

Example Multiply 375I by 3. 3612

To0* 367.2 3672
Step We first arrange the numbers vertically.
Step 2: We multiply the multiplicand by the multiplier.
When we multiply by I0, decimal point shifts to one place to the
Step 3: 37.5I has two decimal places and 3 has no decimal places. chart.
right or our number moves to one column to the left in the place value
Step 4: So, in the product, the decimal point is put after leaving two
the right as the total number of decimal places i
places in the Example 5: Multiply 62471* 100.
multiplier and multiplicand is two.
x0 x 06 6217
Multiplication of a Decimal by Decimal When we multiply a number by 100, the decimal point shifts to
261 two places to the right.
Example 2: Multiply 4354 by 0.562. 21770
Step: We first arrange the numbers 2416
vertically.
 x
1000.

Multiply 56138
Example
6

S6138 x t00 Step 2 Since nothing is left over, bring the 3 tenths down.
3 tenths +3a tenths (in the
quotient's place) with
S6I38 number by
l000, we

shift the a remalnder 0.

So,
when
we
multiplya

place
decimal

to
three
places
to the right.
decma step
Ste
23 so it

Therefore,
cannot be
divided by 3.

or a
multiplenft

0, the decimay
932+3 310, R =
002
by l0
multiplied in th
when a
decimal
number is
places
as
there
are
zeroes

iplier. Exercise 94
hus, as many
Shirts to its right by
Find the quotient.

Exercise 93
121 +3
2 51.32 2
Find the product.
2334 3 4158 +4 4. 67.38

5.23 l0
5 127.36 +12
4. 73.11 6. 45228 5

3 052 x 10
7. 310.372 4 8 652208 3
6. 71563 100
5. 274 x 100
I00 Dividing Decimal Numbers by 10, 100, 1000, etc.
7 005 x l0
8 0.0565
Suppose we divide 34O by 10.
340+10 = 34
0 0.003 x 000 '
3512 x 1000 We notice that 310 moves one column to the right and loses one zero.
Now, we learn how to divide decimal numbers by 10 and its multiples.
2 51.72 x I000 a
Il 2386 * 1000 Let us divide 3400 by 10.
3400 10 =340

Division of Decimal Numbers We notice that 3400 moves one column to the right and loses one zero. Let us look at
other examples.

Division of decimals is done the same way as simple numbers. 526+10Z6

26=5.26 When we divide by 10, the decimal moves I place to the left.
But remember to put decimal point in the quotient
a
directly 3.176+10= 0.3176
above the decimal point in the dividend.

15.87 +100 =O.l587 When we divide by 100, the decimal moves 2 places to the le
in the number.
Division of Decimal Numbers
by a Whole Number
3RT 65.71+1000 = 0.06571 When we divide by 1000, the decimal moves to 3 places to
the left. Since there are only 2 places in the dividend on th
Example 7: Divide 9.32 by 3 by the long division method. left of the decimal point, we create a third place by puttine
Step We divide 9 ones by 3=3 ones in the zero on the extreme left.
Place the decimal
point after 3.
quotient's place.

85
 divided by 10
or a
nultiple of
eroesisthein th
aces as
there are
number
is places

divi
d e c i m a l

left by
as
many

i t is
the of a Fractioninto a Decimal
when
a that cha Conver
Thus, shifts
to
its

also
r e m e m b e r

the
place
value
need to divide 2 into 5 parts: 2+5.
O
d e c i m a

divisor.
l
point

You
must

to
the
right
in
S u p p o s e
520
shifting
Since 5>2, we cannot divide 2 by 5. 20
Step -20
We can instead convert 2 into tenths.
point. Step2
Exercise 95
the
decimal

200 tenths which can be divided by 5. So now we get 4 tenths

get
by
shifting
We quotient is written in the tenths c
Find the
quotient

2 423
10 the
4.
A whole number is a decimal with as many decimal places as requirea.

1261 0
4. 16587 10 Example Il
7 70
7.00
3 66.83 100
6 452428
1000 7.000, all of the above are same as 7.

5 73.81 100
+ 1000
8. 52.208 Number Stories
7 14372+1000
=

1000 Example12 A woman bought 625 m of cloth for making curtains. If each curtain
0 3H.62 requires 25 m of cloth, then how many curtains can she make

10.7 00 Total length of cloth 625 m

12 0937 IO0 Length required for I curtain 25 m
I 8.87 100 Number of curtains she can make = 625+25
625 25 625+25
the followin9.
B. Fill in the blanks
and complete (We multiply both divisor and the dividend by l10, to make the divisor a

whole number.)
2 4.04 x 6
:64 25 curtains can be made.
64

x 10 = 37.8 x100 =2677Eercise16

5 508912x 508912 6 1000 1000= 136M A. Divide tthe following.
6+8 2 5+8 3 3+6 4. 10+I5
C. Fill in the blanks and complete the following.
5. 44+176 6. 21+40 7. 15+42 8. 9+25
4.6+ 046 2 4.76+ 0.0476
B. Solve the given problems.
3. +100= 0.567 4. 810.26 0.8I026 how much will 3.5 kg cost?
Ifl kg ofsugar costs 16.5, then
bags of rice weigh 22725 kg altogether. How much does each bag weigh?
5. +1000=91763 6. 10 54.38
2 5

3. An athlete runs 201 km in 30 days. How much does he run in one day?

4 You need 20 pieces of ribbon each of length 24 cm, how much ribbon do you
need in all?
 he earn n 15 days?
much will
day, how
50 per How much sugar
How muchh
paid ? 85 month.
The driver is houses in
a
s
in
three
consumed

sugar is
86 kg of be
Consumed in a house What will be the
tha

weighing 75 kg was
divided a m o n g
30 people.
share o
A cake
each person? Number tric ks

Answer the following:

A.
olace 08 on the number line. Make another
ecimal smaller than 08.
Place the decimal you made
on the number line also. Describe how you
decided where to put the decimals.

B. Explain why shifting the decimal point in a number is equivalent to

multiplying or dividing a number by a power of ten.

88
 Fun Ponge

Tick ( ) the correct

Write the
answer.

place value of 6
in the number
374296.
10 Rounding Numbers
(a)
tenths
thousands
thousandths
Maths Lab Activity 5
hundredth

of the Activity:
97
(b) The decimal form of 0 Aim etand the concept of
4IL15 4I15.000
T o u n d e r s t a n c

'rounding off' to the nearest tens

4115 What You Need:
to 100.
Rounding eff Anthill
number 8.45 is
(c) The lowest form of the
Chart paper
B l a c k b o a r d

20 Chalk
Ant-hill diagr
Solve the following.
56783 24142
(a) 7384 326 (b) L a b Work: 33

(C) 774231 x 69 (d) 335.0165 Review counting by tens to 100. 30

Smaller ten
numbero
rounded
De o
Iarger ten

(e) 894573826 (f 183.3127 nisplay the ant-hill that

you have drawn on the chalkboard or on chart paper. (Refer
to the
ant-hill diagram above). given
Choose a two-digit number as an example and put it on the appropriate place on the
ant-hill.
BRAIN BoosTERS Write the multiples of ten that the number is between, at the base of the ant-hil, one
decimal and a fraction. on either side.
Count the boxes and write each as a
Explain that if the number fell off the anthill, it would fall down to the bottom of the
. 3 on the side it was nearest. (Example: the number 33 would fall down on the side of
hill was closest.)
30 because it
The multiple of ten it falls near is the ten that number rounds to.

Vocabulary

nearest to approximately

about