NAMA : NI MADE NATHASYA KAI BUTI

NIM : 11190725

Discussion :
1) Investigate the socio-economic background of childlabour in India.
Answer : Poverty is a major single cause behind child labor. Lack of affordable schools
and affordable education is another major factor to force children to work. Certain
cultural beliefs rationalize this practice and encourage child labor as character building
and skill development for children. Some cultural traditions encourage child labor as
footsteps to their parents' jobs. Socioeconomic disparities, poor governance, and poor
implementation of international agreements are among major causes of child labor.
Macroeconomic factors also encourage child labor by the growth of low pay informal
economy.

2) Examine the forms of child labour and health hazards, and

Answer : Children are prone to accidents and many other types of hazards at the
workplace. Such injuries cause them social and economic harm, the effect of which
continues for their entire lives. General injuries like cuts, burns, lacerations, fractures
and dizziness are very common. Sexual abuse, STDs, HIV/AIDS, drugs, alcoholism, sexual
exploitation of girls, rape, prostitution are also the consequences of child labour. They
also face physical neglect in food, clothing, shelter and medical treatment. Because of
this, they are not able to go to school which deprive them of basic education due to
which they have to live in poverty. Emotional neglect is also the consequences of child
labour. Children are prone to physical abuse including beating which often leads to a
physical deformity. 

3) Describe the consequences of child labour

 Answer : Child labour affects the economic welfare of a country to a great extent.
Children who work are not able to get an education and they are not able to develop
themselves physically, intellectually, emotionally, and psychologically. Children are
neither equal to adults nor do they have the strength that the adults have and so they
are not able to work for longer hours because they totally become exhausted and this
reduces their physical strength which makes them more prone to diseases.

4) Describe, what are ethical problems in the case, give your argument.
Answer : Child labor has many facets from the ethical point of view. Autonomy,
beneficence, justice, nonmaleficence, privacy, and veracity are endangered during child
labor. Forced child labor is unethical because it is against the autonomy of the children.
The consent of the working child is mostly manipulated by the parents. To give consent,
a child needs to understand the situation, the consequences, and voluntarily agree to
work. Children of young age, who have a less than fully competent capacity, can assent
to an action by getting involved in the decision-making process. Children fall easy victims
to unfair job conditions, and they do not have the power to stand-up against
mistreatments. The maleficence of this act has long-term physical, psychological,
behavioral, and societal consequences. Even if they are lacking the competency of
making informed decisions, they are considered individuals with autonomy that should
be protected and safeguarded.
Child labor prevents the normal well-being including physical, intellectual, and
emotional psychosocial development of children. This public health issue cannot be
eliminated by only enforcement of child labor laws and regulations. Any comprehensive
policies should engulf a holistic approach on the education of children and their families,
investment in early childhood development programs, establishing public education task
forces in rural areas, implementing policies with focus on increasing adult wages, and
discouraging consumers to buy products made by forced child labor. As such, ethical
practice requires protection of all rights of children and protective policies and
procedures which support the provisions of ILO's standards.