ta mina IMATE Where he wom andthe cwarer become OME } cone, Balita, EdD, DrHum, MAN, RN, RM, LPT rofessional Education 2027 Edition _ (Fortified content based on PPST, K-12 Curriculum and Outcome-Based Board Exam) The Most Salient Points for Prof Ed Subjects : ere ai fete) a ro ase oll oa (aol) elm elelaliatel * Educational Technology urriculum Development Facilitating Learning Child and Adolescent Development Ree atcha] elopmental Reading * Foundations of Education Cert keitl PLUS! Basic Education Learning Continuity Plan and Blended LearningAppendix Table of Contents Curriculum Development ——____——— _———— 4 Foundations of Education 2 __________ _7 The Teaching Profession —__— a 13 Developmental Reading —__—__— oe ee 20 ‘Social Dimensions of Education ___ re Educational Technology —————_____________________-__ 32 Assessment of Learning 8 Principles of Teaching Research The Basic Education Learning Continuity Plan . in the Time of CoViD-19 —— Policy Guidelines for the Provision of Learning Resources in the Implementation of the Basic Education Learning Continuity Plan —____ = a 92era + The curriculum refers to all learning experiences within the context of education, + Curriculum development is defined as planned, a purposeful, progressive, and systematic process to create positive improvements in the educational system. + Acurriculum is evolving because it flows with social fluctuations. + Schedule is the least important in examining the curriculum + The purpése of the schoo! embodies the vision and mission statements of @ school + Tyler's curriculum model is top-down. + Understanding by Design (UBD) was adapted by the Philippines if 2010. UBD is an example of recommended curriculum. + Collections of lesson plans, curriculum guides and DepEd.and GHED orders are written curriculum, * Textbooks and magazines belong to supported curriculum. + When the curriculum aims to develop the whole child,this approach is humanistic. * Correlated curriculum is a curriculum design that Blends various content courses. + Educational institutions are primarily fosiised on academic training. This is in line with intellectual development. + Institutional curriculum refers, to Ps, Sbriculum derived from the societal level, with modification by local educators or lay people. * The curriculum perceivediiand experienced by each student, and may, therefore, vary among learners because of individual differences is called experiential curriculum. + Written curriculum includes documents, course of study, or syllabi handed down to the schools, districts, division, departments, or colleges for implementation. + Curriculum ena Piggotved jin many ways. This proves that the concept of curriculum may be defined froriidifferent perspectives. + A curticulri8tyis a person who is involved in curriculum knowing, writing, planning, implementing, evaluating, innovating, and initiating. + The teachér writes books, modules, laboratory manuals, instructional guides, and reference materials in paper or electronic media. He/she is a curriculum writer. $ thé role of the teacher to make a yearly, monthly or daily plan of the curriculum. Helshe is a curriculum planner. + The curricularist attends to seminars, workshops and pursues graduate work. He/She is a curriculum knower. 1001 Professional Education builfTs: 2071 EditionCaCI CLO a + Ateacher shows the hallmark of being an excellent teacher by being able to make out of the box positive changes in the curriculum how. As a curricularist, he/she is a curriculum innovator. + Experience-centered curricula should not be geared towards common belief systems. + Curriculum laboratory is a place or workshop where curriculum plans_6F leaming opportunities are created. + A course of study is an official guide prepared for administrators, .sUpényisors, and teachers of a particular school or school system, as an aid to teaching.a given subject or areas of study for given level or grade. + Learning experiences refer to certain activities that the leamer undergoes in reaction to the environment where he has an opportunity to interact. + Grade placement refers to the allocation of content to definitéigrade capable of learning. + The professor suggests that the curriculum should primafilly be @ cognitive process. This means that the curriculum should develop critical thinking skills. + The history of curriculum development includes ithe hidden curriculum approach. The content emphasis of the hidden curriculum are implicit processes and social norms. + One of the factors in curriculum ptanning/which is Concerned in identifying the required resources and listing of the estimation of expenditure and revenue is situational analysis. + Curriculum improvement is refefté0 t0:as the alteration of certain aspects of the curriculum without changing its fundamental elements/structure and conception. + Curriculum change refers to theMallération in the structure and design of learning experiences based on new, conceptions + Implementation is the Process wherein the curriculum is used in school and is considered as the: iggtructionalphase ‘of the curriculum development process. ces + Integration is the fh of curriculum design when you connect the lesson learned in one subject tea to content in another subject area. ¢ + Substitution is 2 category of curriculum change which involves replacing or substituting the current gurrictilum with a new one. fa + AlterAMiOR is "@’ category of curriculum change which involves minor changes in the existing Gumiculum. oa gion is considered as a disruptive change in curriculum wherein teachers are to adapt within a fairly short period of time. - SR. ulum development includes the sub-processes of curriculum planning, organization, implementation, and evaluation. * Correlated pattern of organizing content/subject matter is used if Science subject is enriched by identifying related concepts in Mathematics. 1001 Professional Education bulLETs: 2021 Edition 2Hee + Ifthe curriculum is the “means,” instruction is the “ends.” ‘Separate subject curriculum design divides the school day into different periods such as English, Filipino, Mathematics, Science and Social Studies, + Continuity is the vertical repetition and recurring appearances of the content jn the curriculum. + Curriculum design refers to the arrangement of the components and eleméhis of the curriculum. + Curriculum monitoring is the periodic assessment and adjustmént af a curriculum during its try-out period. It determines how the curriculum is working, such that the monitoring reports become the basis of decisions on what aspects: haye to be retained, improved, or modified. + Intended curriculum refers to the objectives set at the beginning of any particular lesson. + — Implemented curriculum refers to the various leaming activities or experiences of the students in order to achieve the intended curricular ouleomes. * To provide continuous and cumulative learning, @ vertical relationship among the elements of the curriculum provides sequence. = One type of curriculum design under subject-centered model is broadfield curriculum in Which the subjects geography, economics; political science, anthropology, and history are combined into one subject called Secial Studies. + In simple-complex sequence; content and experiences are organized from simple to complex, from concrete to abstract from easy to difficult. + In chronological learning, the order of events is made as a basis of sequencing the content and experiences. + In vertical articulation, contents are arranged from level to level or grade to grade so that the content in’a lower level is connected to the next level. + Balance refers tothe equitable assignment of content, time, experiences and other elements needad in curriculum design. + In selecting! the.clrriculum content, it is better that throughout the high school years, : be used fo recur and be repeated with depth for effective leaming. This shows eontinuity in curriculum. + ThellFiligino leamers envisioned by the Department of Education in the light of K-12 Imiculum are functionally literate or holistically developed Filipino. + Inthe elementary level, English Literature and Social Studies relate well. While history is being studied, different literary pieces during the historical period is being studies as well. This is an example of correlated curriculum design. * Curriculum organization involves decisions, among other things, on grade placement ‘on sequencing of content. ee 1061 Professional Education buflETs: 2021 Edition aSo + The need to conform to international standards has greatly influenced the introduction of K-12 reform in basic education. + When teachers lead other teachers to agree on standards, follow the adopted curriculum, use common pacing charts, and develop shared assessments, they play the. role of curriculum specialists. ‘The K to 12 Program covers Kindergarten and 12 years of basic education (six years of primary education, four years of Junior High School, and two years of Senior High School [SHS]) to provide sufficient time for mastery of concepts and skills. develop lifelong leamers, and prepare graduates for tertiary education, middle-level skills development, employment, and entrepreneurship Students in Grades 7 and 8 take exploratory subjects in TLE at 49,hours per quarter. ‘Specializations in Junior High School and TLE are taken by students in Grades 9 and 10. Republic Act No. 10533 is also known as “Enhanced (Basic Education Act of 2013.” Mother Language or First Language refers to the language or languages first learned by a child, which he/she identifies with, is identified as a native language user of by others, which he/she knows best, or uses most. Under the K-12 Curriculum, Kindergarten Education is the first stage of compulsory and mandatory formal education which consists of one (1) year of preparatory education for children at least five (5) years old as a prerequisite for Grade 1. + Kindergarten Education Act mandated the adoption of the mother tongue-based multilingual education (MTB-Mlg) Method prior to the K-12 curriculum reform. + The mother tongue of the leammen shall be the primary medium of instruction for teaching and learning in the kindergarten level. + Under the Republic Act No. 10157 or Kindergarten Education Act, exceptions on the use of mother tongue stiall be made to the following cases: 4. When the»pupils in the kindergarten classroom have different mother tongues or when some'of them speak another mother tongue; ‘When the teacher does not speak the mother tongue of the learners; 2. 3. When resources, in line with the use of the mother tongue, are not yet available, and 4. Whenteachers are not yet trained how to use the MTB-MLE program. Programs for the Gifted and Talented refer to comprehensive programs for the gifted and lalentéd learners in all levels of basic education. for Leamers with Disabilities refer to the comprehensive programs designed for learners with disabilities which may be home-, school-, center- or community-based. + Madrasah Program refers to the comprehensive program using the Madrasah curriculum prescribed by the DepEd, in coordination with the Commission on Muslim Filipinos, for Muslim leamers in public and private schools. ‘1001 Pretesstonal Education DuILETs: 2021 EditionSur Cul Nev, smeearememreraemraasa sac iiE | + In Edueation Service Contracting (ESC), the goverment enters into contracts with private educational institutions or non-DepEd public schools to shoulder the tuition and other fees of junior high schoo! students who would like to enroll in private high schools + In the voucher system, the government issues a coupon directly to senior high students to enable them to enroll in eligible private educational institutions or non-DepEd public schools of their choice under a full or partial tuition or schooling subsidy. + Based on the curriculum requirement provided by all countries sampled, thellanguage which is seemingly universal is English. + When a school applies the systems approach to curriculum planning, itis expected that the parts of the school system are considered in terms of how they relate to each other. + Curriculum evaluation is being undertaken by the developersiwhen they try to obtain relevant and significant information to be able to judge.the worth of an educational program, its product, procedures, and objectives. + Curriculum organization involves decisions, among other things, on grade placement and sequencing of content. + Robert M. Hutchins viewed curriculum as “permanent studies” where then rules of grammar, reading, thetoric and logic,/and mathematics for basic education are emphasized. * Hollis Caswell sees curriculum as Otganized around social functions of themes, ‘organized knowiedge and learner's interest. + Ralph Tyler believes that eumiéulum is a science and an extension of school's philasophy. = Aecording to William Kilpatrick, curricula are purposeful activities which are child- centered. + Harold Hugg introdiiced the rapt Or i aM Sp RAINS aes child, the inclusion ‘of social studies, andthe importance of curriculum planning in advance. + Werret ef@ibelieves that the objectives, along with the corresponding activities, should be alig sthe subject matter or content. + Ralph Tyief believed that curriculum is a science and an extension of the school's Philosophy * The,key tothe success or failure in teaching and leaming, being the link between the child and. the curriculum is the teacher. s taught, or emphasized at home, or those experiences that are part of a family's noes, or related experiences sanctioned by the family is called concomitant curriculum. Rapper, et Received curriculum refers to what students actually take out of classrooms; those concepts and content that are truly learned and remembered. ‘1061 Professional Education bull Ts: 2071 Edition 5+ Processes, conlent, and knoywedge combined with the exnoriences and realities of the learner create new knowledge and this: form part of the internal curriculum. = Nulll curriculum are those we do not teach, thus giving students the message that these elements are not important in their educational experiences + Societalcurriculum is the farthest from the learners since this is where the public Stakeholders (politicians, spacial interest groups, administrators, professional specielists) participate in identifying the goals, the topics to be studied, time ta, beispent in feaching/learning, and materials to aid instruction. + Hilda Taba improved Tyler’s Rationale by making a linear curriculum faodel, When content or subject matter will contribute to basic ideas, concepts, principles and generalization to achieve the overall aim of the curriculum, themithere is significance. + The authenticity of the subject matter selected is its validity. ity means that the subject matier in the clrriculum)should be within the range of experiences of the learners. + The constant repetition, review and reinforcementof !eaming is called continuity. + Sequence is the logical arrangement of the subject matter. + Inthe managerial approach, the principal is the’curriculum leader and at the same time instructional leader who is supposed to bé the general manager. = While the subject curriculum design centers on the cluster of content, discipline design focuses on academic disciplines. + CIPP Model stands for Content;/Input, Product, and Process. = The best feature of Tylef’s Rationale is the planning phase. «The function of the Gurriculum models is to provide framework for curriculum guides. + The subject r oF Gontent to be leamed must be within the time allowed, resource available, the teacher, and nature of leamers. This addresses the feasibility criterion in sel content, 1001 Professional Education bulLETs: 2021 Edtuen 6CEU ES a Te CT + Foundations of Education refers to a broadly-conceived field of educational study that derives its character and methods from a number of academic disciplines, combinations of disciplines, and area studies, including: history, philosophy, sociology, anthropology, religion, political science, economics, psychology, cultural studies, gender studies, comparative and intemational education, educational studies, and educationdl ‘policy studies. + Sociology is the study of society and social interactions taking place within jt. ‘Socialization is the process of intemalizing the norms and ideologies of society. + Qpen admission policy may support equitable access but may Sacfifice quality. + During the Spanish period, the media of instruction in schools were Spanish and the Vernacular. + Teaching students self-responsibility is the desire of the existentialist teacher. The main objective of the Educational Service Contracting Scheme or ESC is to decongest public secondary schools by "contracting" the excess capacities of Private high schools through the provision of subsidies for students who, otherwise, would have gone to the public high schools. + Education Service Contracting Scheme pointio:tlé complementary roles of public and private institutions in the educational system: Education Service Contracting Scheme is’ proof of the public-private partnership for government to give access to quality S6¢ondary education. + MISOSA stands for Modified in-school Off-school Approach. + Modified In-School! OffsSchool Approach (MISOSA) frees the children from the confines of the four cofners of the classroom as it allows pupils to leam even while at home or in the comunity. * Under MISOSA, class of pupils is divided into two groups. Group 1 goes to class for a period of time while the: Group 2 learns at home or in other learning venues such as a Barangay Hall ledming through modules or performing assigned tasks. At the end of one week, Group 1 spends time leaming outside the school while Group 2 attends formal classes. At certain times, the two groups are gathered in one class to learn together as ‘one group. + &IMPAGT Stands for Enhanced Instructional Management for Parents, Community and Teachers. EASE siZinds for Effective and Affordable Secondary Education. Projéct Effective and Affordable Secondary Education (EASE) was a project that targeted students in disadvantaged situations who were unable to attend regular sessions. EASE provided a temporary study-at-home solution until the student was able to retum to the formal classroom setting. 1001 Professional Education bulLETs: 2021 Editioncaus 01 lama ESTES) + eIMPACT is a technology based alternative method of learning that is fueled by student interactions. Every student is given access to online modules and online guides to learning materials. + OHSP stands for Open High School System. + Open High School System is an alternative mode of secondary education’ thai uses distance learning. It caters to learners who are unable to attend the regular‘Glass program due to physical impairment, work, financial difficulties, distance of home. School, and other justifiable and legitimate reasons. + ADM stands for Alternative Delivery Mode. + Alternative Delivery Modes (ADM) are tried and tested altemative modalities of education delivery within the confines of the formal system that allow schools to deliver quality education to marginalized students and those at riske of dropping out in order to help them overcome personal, social and economic constraints in their schooling. + At the elementary level, multigrade instruction i$.an_ alternative delivery of formal education whereby there is one teacher for two, three or four different grade levels of students in a single class. + Under OHSP and EASE, students at risk of,dropping out (SARDOs) are provided three modes of learming to be able to continue their schooling even without attending formal classes, They are modular system, internet-based learning, and blended technology which is a merger of the modular and internet-based learning. + Alternative Learning System (ALS)jis 4 pefallel learning system that provides a viable alternative to the existing formal education instruction. + Accreditation and Equivalency (A&E) Program is offered for literates who have not completed ten years of basic education. - Basic Literacy Program is an ALS program which caters to the illiterates. + Indigenous Peoplés (IP) Education is a program that aims to develop an IP culture- sensitive core curriculum, |éarning materials and assessment tools/instruments. + Informal Education Program provides opportunities for adolescents, parents, and street children to acquire and accumulate knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values from daily expericnoes at home, at work, at play, and from lite itselt. + The pfSVisions.of RA 10533 make clear that schools should be community-centered. + During thélpre-Hispanic period, there was no established formal schooling in the Country. . Saiico ‘the Spanish period, free public school system was established by virtue of Educational Decree of 1863. + Bilingual education is a form of education in which information is presented to the students in two languages. ‘1001 Professional Education bullETs: 2021 Extition 8Fauna OLE ESTERS) + The Americans gave bright young Filipino students opportunity to take up higher education in American colleges and universities. These Filipinos came to be known as “pensionados” for their education in the United States was financed by the government in the Philippines. ‘According to the 1990 EDCOM congressional review and assessment, low inyéstment and poor management primarily caused the declining quality of Philippine education, +» During the American period, American soldiers served as the first teachers. In 1901, the Philippine Commission enacted into law Act 74 whichcreated the Department of Public Instruction. Act INo. 74 provided for the establishment of the Philippine Normal’School in Manila + ' During the Spanish period, the Education Decree of 1863 mandated the establishment of at least one primary school for boys and one for girls in each town under the responsibility of the municipal government, and the establishment of a normal school for male teachers under the supervision of the Jesuits. + Universal basic education is the major change that makes American education system superior to the Hispanic education system in the Philippines. = The factor which contributed to the great demand for teachers during the American: regime was the opening of the free public education. + The program of the Department of Education which is an offshoot of the Bayanihan spirit is Brigada Eskwelay Primitive education revolvediaround security and survival from dangers ‘that could be inflicted by natural phenomena ane hostility of other tribes. to Hane Wri yy A MAE KL « v Hee Raman SosGaion wa uiflkelian! Education wes 18% practical purpose, to produce men who would be active and-efficient in daily ite. ‘The outstanding cofitribution of the Sumerians to education was the cuneiform writing. cht + The Chinese were the first to implement the ci candidates for state bureaucracy. ° @ rvice examination system for selecting Cvtypre kg se : Learning and Innovation Skills Frameworks include critical thinking and problem solving, creatiity, and innovation and communication, and collaboration and technology skills. A? 4 8iés is the branch of philosophy that considers the physicz of.uitimate realty * is the branch of philosophy that considers the study of principles and values. + Epistemology is the branch of philosophy concerned with knowledge. 2 Logic is the branch of philosophy that seeks to organize reasoning. ‘01 Protessional Eaucation DuiléTs: 2021 Edition a: igteements between where audience wilingly suspends belief and acoapts tne play ore aera ae = ‘Theomachy is the bath Tisoreely © ile amang the gods of supremacy between good and ev! in Tone refers to the overall mood and message of your book. I is estabished thrugh ‘variety of means, including voice, characterization. symbolism. and themes. . ‘Viewing refers to the abiity 1 perceive meaning ftam visual images and presentations ‘Visual Literacy isthe atilty o interpret meaning from visual mages. ‘Voice pertains to wha or what serves as the subject in a clause War and Peace is historical novel about Napoleonic invasion of Russia In 1812. Washington Irving is a novell and essayist noled for his “Midnight's Children” and “The ‘Satanic Verses" which prompted Iran's Ayatliah Khomeini 10 issue a fatwa against him, because Muslims considered the book blasphemous. ‘Waste not, want not, means do not waste things and you will always have enough, ‘Wilfredo Ma. Guerrero is considered the most outstanding among Filipino playarights William Faulkner wrote the shert story “A Rose for Emily” Wiliam Shakespeare wrote 38 plays, 154 sonnets, and 2 eple narrative pooms, William Shakespeare wrote the Ene “Where ignorance is Biss, folly tobe wise.” Wiliam Tyndale is the Fethor of English prose while Geoffrey Chaucer isthe fathar of English poetry. Writers use satire to make fun of some aspect of human nature or society — usually through exaggeration, ridicule, or ier. Writing is the process of Using symbels to communicate thoughts and ideas in a readable form, mera! Location bailkTs: 2021 EaitionFoundations of Education | am a progressivist, For teaching in the affective domain, values clarification. The teacher's teaching philosophy is reflected by the choice of teaching methods. Idealism has the educational objective to indoctrinate Filipinos to accept the teachings of the Catholic Church which is to foster faith in God Existentialism is taught by Sartre when he said, “Man is nothing else but what he makes of himself.” Constructivists assert that teaching is not just depositing knowledge \into the ernpty minds of the leamers. It is helping students create knowledge and meaning of their experiences. Religious rituals in the classroom and in the school programs prove’ the deep natural religiosity of the Filipinos. The philosophy has greatly contributed to this tradition is Confucianism. Inclusive education means that all students attend and are welcomed by their neighborhood schools in age-appropriate, regular classes,and ate supported to learn, contribute and participate in all aspects of the life of the sehoo!. + In structural perspective, socialization is viewed from the very structure or positions with corresponding roles that are made available by the members of a particular social unit. Mutual steering is the process of giving and soliciting feedback between two or more individuals, for the purpose of stimulating each or one another. + Primary roles are roles that we play all the time Such as sex role. Sanctions are measures applied to guarantee that an individual behaves according to society's expectations. + Deviance refers to behaviors that violate social norms. Conflict refers to the situation, in’ which there is a disagreement between or among people. + Individuals who do not behavé according to the social norms are referred to as deviants. + Physical anthropology is the branch of anthropology which studies people as biological organisms. Linguistic anthropology .is a concentration of cultural anthropology that focuses on language in society. Cultural anthropology Studies human societies and elements of cultural life. + Culture is leamed rather than transmitted by genes. will engage my cli Culture is dynamic. This means that cultures interact and change. + The culture lof research can be introduced so that a school can advance competencies through knowledge-based teaching. = |W teachér’s role as a community change agent is to help develop a better educated ‘community. «When household tasks are typecast as the female's responsibility, gender stereotype is reinforced in classroom management. * Sex jokes are the kind of humor inappropriate for defusing tension in the classroom \ \ de Ah, 2 ti «AS Professional Education bullETs: 2671 Edition - eAIn selecting a code of conduct, a behaviorist teacher would prefer to impart on the learners the one exemplified by great men/women. Research findings show that socio-economic factors affect the child's motivation and opportunities for education. This research is proven by the social reality that more dropouts come from disadvantaged families. ‘Among personal attitudes, honesty is NOT among those that demonstrate patience ‘among teachers. Climate change is a global condition which urges schools to provide education about the environment. By following Christian teaching on marriage, deontological approach is used by lawmakers in disallowing divorce in the Philippines. — x For Dewey, education starts as a social process at birth. In reading newspapers, the opinion page provides critigalviews about current socio- economic and political events or issues. Research studies showed that children in slums generally have lower reading achievement, than children in urban schools. Thelfactor which has shown to affect reading achievement is socio-economic status. Structural violence refers to a form of violence wherein a social structure or social institution may harm people by preventing them from meeting their basic needs. Domestic violence is any behavior the purpose of which is to gain power and control ‘over a spouse, partner, girl/boyfriend or intimate family member. Social discrimination is defined 68 sustained inequality between individuals on the basis of iliness, disability, Feligion, sexual orientation, or any other measures of diversity (O01 Professional Education MuILETs: 2021 EMitiOn @Te ees) + The State shall protect and promote the right of all citizens to quality education at all levels, and shall take appropriate steps to make such education accessible to ail * To be nationally and internationally competitive, teachers should particigéte in Continuing Professional Development according to Article IV of the Code of Ethics, + teacher has a sense of humor if he/she makes leaming fun and do not tkE everything seriously. * A teacher demonstrates fairness if he/she is gender-sensitive and inclusive in his/her ways. * The 1987 Philippine Constitution states that all schools in the country) other than those established by religious groups and mission boards, shall be owned Solely by citizens of the Philippines or corporations or associations at least 60%, of the capital of which is owned by such citizens. * A teacher is prohibited from direct business transactions involving textbooks and school supplies because of the possibility of exerting infiuence for his/her own business interest. + Academic freedom shall be enjoyed in all institutions of higher learning. + Protection of intellectual Property Rights is! provided for in Article XIV of the 1987 Philippine Constitution. Under the 1987 Philippine Constitution, ‘the’ official languages for communication and instruction are Filipino and English, + At the option expressed in writing’ by the parents or guardians, religion shall be allowed to be taught to their children or wards in public elementary and high schools within the regular clasS hours by instructors designated or approved by the religious authorities of the religion to which the children or wards belong, without additional cost to the Government. “eCCD + Under RA.6980, early childfiood covers children from conception to age six (6). + Astatement NOTTRUE about a professional teacher of the 21* century is the disregard of cultural diversityiand a focus on the 21* century skills is the ultimate goal“of globalized education. a = Profesgiénal teachers who have not practiced their profession for the past five (5) years shall take.at least twelve (12) units. of education courses, consisting of at least six (6) units of and six (6) units of content courses, or the equivalent training and r of hours, to be chosen from a list of courses to be provided by the Board and the meee ‘of Education, before they can be allowed to practice their profession in the = ASEAN Qualifications Reference Framework or AQRF tefers to the device that enables comparisons of qualifications across ASEAN Member States. 001 Provessional Education bulLETS: 2021 Edition -The Teaching PrOlCSSION qa ASEAN Mutual Recognition Arrangement or ASEAN MRA refers to a regional arrangement ‘tentered into by the ASEAN Member States, predicated on the mutual recognition of ‘qualifications, requirements met, licenses and certificates granted, experience gained by professionals, in order to enhance mobility of professional services within the region. The school was preparing for a national choral competition. All teachers “should cooperate with and support the Music teachers in whatever way. + Based on the Preamble, teachers are duly licensed who possess dignity andireputation with high moral values as welll as technical and professional competence, Students reperted to you about a teacher who has made it a habit to)collect many for quizzes that never were mimeographed or photocopied, the! Very reason for money collection, The most ethical for you to do is to file a written complaint against the teacher with the students’ oral report as evidence. + CPD Council refers to a body created to promote and’ ensure the continuous improvement of professionals, in accordance with national, ‘fegional, and international standards of practice. CPD credit unit refers to the value of an amount of learning that can be transferred to a qualification achieved from formal, informal er non-formal, learning setting, wherein credits ‘can be accumulated to predetermined levels for the award of a qualification. « CPD Program refers to a set of learning activities accredited by the CPD Council such as seminars, workshops, technical lectures or subject matter meetings, non-degree training lectures and scientific meetings, modulesptours and visits, which equip the professionals with advanced knowledge, skills. and) values in specialized or in an inter- or multidisciplinary field of study, self-directed research and/or lifelong learning. « ©PD Provider refers to a natural.of juridical person accredited by the CPD Council to conduct CPD Programs. ‘4 teacher shall not inflict Corporal punishment on offending learners nor make deductions from their scholastic ratings as a punishment for acts which are clearly not manifestation of,poor scholarship. «his unprofessional t8flehargos against superiors under cover of anonymity, “4: ap + UNESCO defings ‘Global education as a goal to develop countries worldwide and is aimed at eduéating all people in accordance with world standards. + Education for sustainable development and global citizenship ensures all learners acquire:knowledge and skills needed to promote sustainable development. * A glcal teacher is a global teacher who is competent and armed with enough skills, ‘appropriate attitude and universal values to teach leamers at home or abroad but is equipped with both time tested as well as modem technologies in education. + The concept of globalization came about in recent years because the world has become borderless primarily due to advances in technology. + Republic Act No. 10912 is also known as the “Gontinuing Professional Development Act of 2016." = (01 Professional Extucation buLETS: 2071 Edttion “(001 Professional Education HuILETs: 2021 Edition Teaching Profession In RA 10912, self-directed learning refers to learning activities such as online training, locaV/intemational seminars/non-degree courses, institution/company-sponsored training programs, and the like, which did not undergo GPD accreditation but may be applied for and awarded CPD units by the respective CPD Council. Under the Philippine laws, a professional refers to a person who is registered. and licensed to practice a regulated profession in the Philippines and who holds a, valid Certificate of Registration and Professional Identification Card (PIC) from the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC). Universal youth literacy ensures that all youth and substantial proportion Of adults, both men and women achieve literacy. A professional teacher can engage in business if Income generation is legitimate. The professional obligation of one leaving a teaching positionis pass on organized records to the successor to carry on the work. The first legal document that professionalized teaching was PD 1006 issued by then President Ferdinand E. Marcos. #! Under the K-12 curriculum, graduates of technical-vocational courses may be allowed to teach in their specialized subjects in the secondary’level, provided that these graduates possess the necessary certification issued by TESDA and undergo in-service training from DepEd Special hardship allowances equivalent to 25% of their monthly salary is given to those teachers who are exposed toshardship Such as difficulty in commuting to the place of work or other hazards peculiarto the place of employment Teaching is a profession. It requires long years of professional education, the attainment of college or university degree recognized by a regulatory body (CHED), a licensure examination, continuing professional development, and adherence to cade of ethics. The Code of Ethics does not prohibit a teacher and student to fall in love with each other but the teacher shall exercise utmost professional discretion to avoid preferential treatment of the learner, The set of cofé values a Filipino teacher possess to become a global teacher are borderless thinking and interconnectivity. The Philippine Teachers’ Professionalization Act of 1994 was not the only legal document that professionalized teaching. The PPST are teacher standards which have to be mastered only by Beginning Teachers. ‘This statement is false. Iwas the Spaniards who started training teachers in normal schools. Teaching became a profession in 1976 with PD 1006. Teacher preparation in the Philippines became a four-year program only in 1949.The Teactiig Prot! 00 queer Compulsory medical examination shall be provided free of charge for all teachers before they take up teaching, and shall be repeated not less than once a year during the teacher's professional life. + Republic Act No. 4670 is also known as Magna Carta for Public Schoo! Teachers. Transfer of assignment of teachers is not allowed three months before aniy local or national election. + Every teacher shall enjoy equitable safeguards at each stage of any disciplinary procadure and shall have: the right to be informed, in writing, of the charges; the right to full access to the evidence in the case; the right to. defend himself and to be defended by a representative of his choice and/or by his organization, adequate time being given to the teacher for the preparation of his defense; and the right to appeal to clearly designated authorities. The present four-year teacher preparation program in the.country began as a two-year program. + Voeation refers to a call to do something like to teach. Teaching is a vocation. It means that teaching isa calling to serve. The first and foremost concern of the professional teacher is the interest and welfare of the learners. + If teaching is considered as your mission, you will be faithful to teaching no matter what and you will be faithful to your mission and you want to succeed. + A teacher's professional competence’ is demonstrated in his/her professionalism, professional knowledge, in creating @ favorable learning environment, in excellent instructional planning, instructional delivery and assessment practices + Education Act of 1982’ states that teacher must refrain from making deductions in students’ scholastic ratings for acts that are clearly not manifestations of poor scholarship. + A professionakteacher holds high expectations if he/she set no limits on students and believe everyone can be successful - A teacher can show respect for community customs and traditions by studying and striving to understand local customs and traditions. + Aprofessienal teacher is a community leader; hence, a professional teacher can take the initiative to organize community activities for community development. + PAllteachers both public and private in all levels from preschool to secondary whether they fare academic, vocational, special, technical or non-formal — are included in the definition of professional teachers and are therefore required of a professional license and are subject to the Cade of Ethics for Professional Teachers. + Universal primary and secondary education ensures all boys and girls complete free. equitable, and quality primary and secondary education leading to effective and relevant learning outcomes. '1Professional Education builETs: 2021 Edition 6Bee en OS + The CFT, SEA, PQF and PPST assure the education stakeholders of teacher quality. + The librarian is excluded in the definition of professional teachers in the Code of Ethics. + The education of the child is not the sole responsibility of school heads and teacher. A professional teacher violates the Code of Ethics if he/she fails to vote for ‘no justifiable reason. ‘A professional teacher serves as a facilitator of learning by ensuring helshe,provides a favorable environment for learning. + Professionalism is manifested when a parent complains for her sonis falling grade and the teacher objectively shows how the failing grade came about and assures the parent that the son is given all the academic help he needs, + As a professional teacher, you shall manifest genuine enthusiasm and pride in teaching as a noble calling. + The global village refers to all the countries abroad including our own. = When Roland Robertson started to use the phrase “think local, act global,” he meant that even if you will be teaching in your hometown, your competence is world class. . Teachers’ job that includes writing test items) Checking and recording of test paper results, attending to parents, making reports andl other related activities referred to es administrative tasks_ = According to Article XI of the Code of Ethics, the Almighty God should serve as guide of the professional teacher's destiny and those of men en nations. = A study leave of more than/one. year may be allowed provided permitted by the Secretary of Education but without compensation. - An indefinite sick leave of absence is allowed when the nature of a teacher's illness demands a long treatment that will exceed one year at least. + Inthe Philippines, teacher quality is defined by PPST, 2017. + The ultimate Gompétency that a baccalaureate degree holder including a teacher education graduate demonstrates is knowledge. Any té88Her may be required to render more than six hours but not exceeding eight hours of actual classroom teaching a day upon payment of additional compensation at the same rate as his regular remuneration plus at least 25% of his basic pay. + Salary, 3tales of teachers shall provide for a gradual progression from a minimum to @ ‘“muakimum salary by means of regular increments, granted automatically after three ‘years; provided that the efficiency rating of the teacher concemed is at least satisfactory. + Teacher's salaries shall, at the very least, keep pace with the rise in the cost of living by the payment of a cost-of-living allowance which shall automatically follow changes in a cost-ofiving index. ‘001 Professional Education bulLETs:2071 Edition 2UTR OS a DTI One range salary raise upon retirement are given to teachers who have fulfilled the age and service requirements of the applicable retirement laws which shall be the basis of the computation of the lump sum of the retirement pay and the monthly benefits thereafter. Public school teachers are entitled to study leave nat exceeding one school year after seven years of service. A professional has completed a college/university degree. The Filipino teacher is @ professional. He/She is technically competent. and highly ethical and moral. Professional teachers are expected to demonstrate professional and scientific competence. In the performance of his/her duty, a professional teacher Gan! support the state by instilling nationalism in leamers. Financial literacy is the basic knowledge about the basics of economics and financial management. Appointments, promotions, and transfers ofprofessianal teachers are done only on the basis of merit and need in the interest of the service. Yes, it is professional to support a schoo''s policy’even if you do not personally agree. A teacher shall transact all official business through channels except when special conditions warrant a different procedure, ‘The Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers serves as guide for teachers specifically to new teachers for them to/6xhibit proper behavior to the leaming community at all times. Every teacher shall participate in the Continuing Professional Education (CPE) program of the Proféssional Regulation Commission, and shall pursue such other studies as will improve his efficienéy, enhance the prestige of the profession, and strengthen his competence, virtues, and productivity in order to be nationally and internationally competitive According to the Global Teacher Status Index 2013, China ranked first in terms of level of respect for teachers. ‘Among'the ASEAN member countries, Singapore gives the highest teacher salary. Philippines issues a teacher's license through the Professional Regulation Commission. ‘Berta to the Global Teacher Status Index 2013, Singapore gives the highest salary hers. “The acquisition of knowledge about climate change. pollution, loss of natural habitats and biodiversity is called ecoliteracy. ‘1001 Professional Education bullETs: 2021 Edition 1"TOS TE TETRIS | Newly qualified to teach as professional teachers are the beginning teachers A teacher going through GPD even if it is not required by law is 4 proof that a professional teacher demonstrates genuine desire for CPD. Henry Adams said: A teacher affects. eternity; no one knows where his influence stops.” ‘This quotation implies that a teacher has the power to influence generation. William Garr said: “People who introduce themselves with the shame remark that they are “just teachers” gives me despair in my heart.” Based on this quote, William Garr want teachers to look everyone squarely in the eye and say “I am a teacher!” Professional Education buILETS: 2021 Edition 9-_——-+ Ee DT) Phoneme is the smallest unit of sound. Morpheme is the smallest linguistic unit within a word that can carry a meaning, such as “un-", “break,” and “-able” in the word “unbreakable.” A lexeme is the set of all the inflected forms of a single word Syntax is the way in which words are put together Context is how everything within language works together to convay.2 particular meaning, Semantics is the study of meaning. Pragmatics is the practical use of the language. KKnowledge of the word, also background knowledge, includes both encyclopedia and ‘experiential knowledge. Metacognitive knowledge enables readers to monitor their own comprehension to ascertain whether the information makes sense and meets specific purposes Knowledge of the alphabetic-phonemic system involves knowing how the spelling system represents speech, including how to transfer graphemes into phonemes. A reading model is a graphic attempt'to.depict how an individual perosives a word, processes a clause, and comprehends.a text, In the Bottom-up reading model, the reader pays close altention to the words and word parts, synthesizes and gets meaning to what he is reading. This views that reading starts with some graphic input (print): In the Top-down reading model, the reader brings information based on past ‘experiences with language and their world to the act of reading. This shows that reading begins with the reader's cognitive structures. In the Interactive reading model, reading draws from the top and bottom simultaneously as readers use both text features and conceptual background about the language in order to get meaning, ‘Among modéls-of the reading process, the Top-Down Theory is closely related to Schema Theory. 4 reader Who has some knowledge of the syntax, orthography, and morphology (formation of words) of a language can interact more effectively with the printed form of that language. This reinforces the idea that reading makes use of a linguistic system which enables readers to be more effective users of written language. Previewing is the reading technique that activates the reader's schema, ‘The systematic, explicit leaming of roots + affixes, along with word pattems builds readers’ fluency. OT Professional Education bulléts:2071 Edition 2mobing naa ng mga Fata lo ang ava na ean un ng ering vg Hay pol de Centos na ‘Don Quote dela Mancha” inlakets ag herhoy sa maka-oghom na pag sara ng pag wren Sina peru upang bam ng pangungusap. " 7 ‘ghetto Graciane Lopez Joona ang Fray Botod na isang maiking nobulang maps a naglalarawan sa “kasibaan yam — ig mga prayle” Ang Fray Botod ay lungict ca “THik ang saitang ugat ng panitian Tuas ng to0, ang wika ay nahahati rin sa iba"bang kategorya ayon ea kaanasan rita ‘Tuvangtuwang ipinagbili i : gag ve mrgote ang merges nc oyeDevelopmental ing «Period of rapid growth in reading is the stage at which most children have mastered the techniques of reading. + Period or refinement is characterized by wide reading where learners are ready to interpret selections most intensively = The literal level of comprehension reflects the ability to understand the primary, direct, surface-level meaning of a text; mere reading the lines. + At the interpretative level, the focus shifts to reading between the lines, locking at what is implied by the material under study. + Understanding at the literal and interpretative levels are corbined, reorganized and restructured at the applied level to express opinions, draw newiinsights and develop fresh ideas and applications. + Evaluative level of comprehension, also known as the critical levél, is the judgement of validity or worth of what is read or heard, based on sound-criteria of standards developed through previous experiences + Critical Reading involves identifying the accuracy. of the information. + The most powerful strategy for leaming the vecabulary of written comprehension is reading. - Aparaphrase is a translation of text into the students’ own words. = Astudent who moves his/her lips while reading may have a problem with fluency. + Extensive reading is marked) by" reading longer texts, often for pleasure and for an overall understanding. + Intensive reading is chéfacterized by careful and in-depth reading; involves reading shorter texts for detailed information with an emphasis on precise understanding. + Scanning is reading rapidly through a text to find specific information required. = Skimming refers to the act of reading rapidly for the main points. + Phonological awareness is the awareness of constituent sounds: of written words in leaming to read and spell. Rhyming?is a phonological skill characterized by one's recognition of the same ending sound ina Set of word. Alliferation is being able to recognize the same beginning sound in a set of word. Blending is marked by the ability to combine individual sounds to form a word ‘Segmenting is being able to break a word and identify the individual sounds in it. Reading for understanding does NOT add to phonetic awareness. Text-based learning best relates to basic literacy to leamers. 101 Proessional Education bull ETs- 2071 Edition meBee Ne + Graphophonic knowledge is a type of decoding strategy wherein letter-sound relationship is given emphasis. + Syntactic cueing knowledge is a type of decoding strategy wherein knowledge of language grammar is emphasized. * Chronology is the dominant organizing structure in narrative texts. + The structure of expository writing is most alike to that of a definition. + Venn diagrams are particularly useful for understanding comparison. + The main organization and orientation of science and social stiidies reading materials is expository. + In reading books, fiction novels are most likely very creative by way of descriptive language and imaginative dramatic episodes. + In reading newspapers, the opinion page provides»critical Views about current socio- ‘economic and political events or issues. The main organization and orientation of fiction dramatic novels is narrative. + SQS3R is a reading/study formula designéd to help process and increase retention of written information. + The Directed Reading-Thinking Activity (DRTA) is a comprehension strategy that guides students in asking questionsabout a text, making predictions, and then reading to confirm or refute their predictions. > yy a, 2 + The Informal Reading Inventory (IRi)is an individually-administered diagnostic tool that assesses a student's reading opmprehension and reading accuracy. + The KWL is a before, during and after reading and learning strategy used to connect a ‘student's prior knowledge to what they are actively learning. + The "Directed Readingyand Thinking Activity" (DRTA) combines student’s predictions with searching for evidence to verify them. + The DRTA (Directed)Reading-Thinking Activity) is most valuable for helping students form a purpose and cognitive focus for reading. + The KWL strategy allows the teacher to assess the students’ ability to weave background knowledge and new information together. The major goal of methods such as SQ3R is to enhance learning information from Content-area materials. + One'principle in vocabulary instruction suggests that concepts be taught in semantically- related clusters. This can be best applied in the classroom by presenting vocabulary organizers. + The primary goal of remedial instruction is to help students cope with the demands of their actual level. 01 Professional Education bulls: 2071 Edition =The most effective way to advance practical oral proficiency of students is to engage students in conversational activities. In order for the students to clearly understand the structure and content of the teacher's presentation, the teacher should have a short preview. Good readers make use of effective reading strategies which includes predicting, inferring, summarizing, and visualizing. Rebus method was employed by a teacher who gave her first-grade class a/page with a story in which pictures take the place of same wards, Previewing text gives. students an overview of what to expect as they read. When previewing reading material, a strategic reader should:note the title, graphics, headings, topic sentences, summaries, and questions. Prediction is a powerful strategy for helping readers set a purpése for reading, as well as activate prior knowledge. Efficient readers make predictions by relying on syntactic and semantic clues, and ‘organizational structure. ‘The cloze test assesses students’ ability to use semantic, syntactic, and background knowledge to make predictions. Listening to farnily members tell or read Stories helps young children develop their sense of story structure. '1Protessional Education bullETs: 2071 Edition mSUE TC The school's cognitive purpose is to teach the basic cog writing, and speaking, the eats political purpose is the inculcation of patriotism or loyalty to the @xisting The school’s social purpose is concemed with the socialization of citidefis Into their various roles in society The school's economic purpose involves the training and preparation. of eitizens for the world of work. Along the aim towards labor for integrity, industry skills and orientation must to be taught to future employees and employees in the 21°! century workplace. School networking with business and industry is the,intervention directly aimed at responding to the transitional gap between academic achievement and employment. Adopting innovative technology that allows teachers even in remote areas to access educational materials to supplement their lessons is the strongest influence of the geographical factor in the efficient and effective management of schools as agents of change. Status is the position a person holds within 2'Social structure; these determine your “place” in groups and society. An ascribed status is a position insecial structure that is beyond an individual's control. It is not earned, but rather is something people are either born with or had ne control over. Gender, ethnicity, age are exéimplesiof ascribed status. An achieved status is 4 position in social structure that is acquired on the basis of merit; it is a position that is earned of chosen and reflects a person's skills, abilities, and efforts. Profession, occupation, felationship status and hobbies are examples of achieved ‘status. Role is the expected»behavior associated with a particular status, including rights and obligations. Social'mobility refers to the ability to change positions within @ social stratification system. [he types of mobilities are independent of one another and can often overlap. Horizontal mobility occurs when a person changes their occupation but their overall Soclalistanding remains unchanged. It is the movement from one position to another within the same social level, as when someone changes between two equally prestigious occupations. Vertical mobility refers to a change in the occupational, poli |, or religious status of a Person that change in their societal position. It is the movement of individuals or oan tron joeconomic level to another, often by changing jobs or groups up or down from one soci through mariage. 1 Professional Egucation builETs:2021 Edition "ioctal Dimensions Of EAUCRION qu Inter-generational mobility happens when the social position changes from one generation to another; such as when children attain a higher or lower status than their parents held. For example, a father worked in a factory while his son received an Education that allowed him to become a lawyer or a doctor. The intra-generational mobility occurs when there is a change in societal position within an individual's lifetime. For example, an individual starts their career as a clerk and through their life moves on to a senior position such as a director. A group can be defined as a unit in which different personalities with different interdependent roles and status interact. A crowd is a type of group wherein members act together én the basis of a shared ‘emotion and feelings, as in religious revival meetings, revolutionary mob or a panic. ‘An audience or mass is. type of group wherein members.act together on the basis of ‘common attitudes without interaction among members; like people at film shawing. ‘An integrated group is a type of group wherein fhembers)have common action with shared meanings and values. A public is a type of group referring to a number of people in some form of community who have common interest but do not necessarily come to a common agreement. Nuclear, extended, blended family are thestypes of family according to size and structure. The nuclear family is also known as the conjugal family or family of procreation. Nuclear families are comprised of married partners and their offspring. The extended family is a far that includes in one household near relatives (such as grandparents, aunts, or uncles)imaddition to a nuclear family. A blended family, also tallled a step family, is formed when divorced or widowed parents who have children marry. On the basis of résidence"family may be classified into patrilocal, matrillocal, bilocal and neolocal family. The family in which after marriage wife comes to reside in the family of her husband is known as patrilocal family. The family in which after marriage husband comes to reside in the family of her wife is known as matrilocal family. In a bilocal type of family, after marriage the married couple change their residence alternatively. Sometimes wife joins in her husband's house while at some other times husband resides in wife's house. After marriage, the newly married couple establish a new family independent of their Parents. and settled at a new place. This type of family is known as neolocal family. Qn the basis of power and authority family may be classified into patriarchal, matriarchal and egalitarian family. ‘rotessional Education BUILETs:2021 Edition 26octal DimenStOUS C1 EON SL The family in which all the power remains in the hands of patriarch or father is known as patriarchal family. + Ina matriarchal family, power or authority rests on the eldest fernale member of the family especially the wife or mother. The family in which power and authority are equally shared between husband and wife is called as egalitarian family. + On the basis of marriage practices sociologist has classified family into monogamous and polygamous family. + A monogamous family consists of a husband and his wife. Under this type of farnily system neither husband nor wife is allowed to have more than one spouse at a time. Both of them are also prohibited to have extra-marital relationship. + The polygamous family is based on polygamy system of marriage. As in polygamy, one man marries more than one woman and vice-versa. Hence two types of family system is found to exist such as polyandrous and polygynous family: + & polyandrous family is based on polyandry system)of marriage in which one woman marries more than one man at a time. Accordingly palyandrous family consists of one woman and her several husband. + A polygynous family is a type of family based'@n polygyny system of marriage — one man is allowed to marry more than one wife at a time. Accordingly a polygynous family consists of a husband and his several wives and their children. + Socialization is a process by which Social norms, roles and expectations are learned and internalized. + Gender Socialization is a protess by which norms, roles and expectation in relation to gender are learned by men/and women. » Gender Stereotype a form of prejudgment, bias or limitation given to roles and expectations of male and females. Gender and Development or GAD is an approach on socially constructed basis of the difference between.men and women and emphasized the need to challenge the existing gender roles and relations. Principle of Formal Cooperation occurs when someone intentionally helps another person carry out a sinful act. Principle of Material Cooperation occurs when a person's actions unintentionally help another person do something wrong. Principle of Lesser Evil is the principle that when faced with selecting from two immoral options, the one which is least immoral should be chosen. Principle of Double Effect is the principle that aims to provide specific guidelines for determining when it is morally permissible to perform an action in pursuit of a good end in full knowledge that the action will also bring about bad results. Professional Education DUILETs:2021Edition aSete UU SEUIS OF ICA a RSPR Conscience is the act by which we apply to our awn conduct our knowledge of good and evil, whether our judgment be correct or incorrect. Gallous is a type of moral attitude when one is not feeling or showing any concem about the problems and suffering of other people. ‘Strict moral attitude is exhibited when one chooses the hardest way to do something. Pharisaical moral attitude is marked by INSINCERE self-righteousness. Scrupulous moral attitude involves one who is being overly critical of himself. Such a person always has a fear of sinning when there is no sin, or is in constant doubt, and/or is in fear of committing a mortal sin; tends to see sins when there is none. Lax moral attitude is exhibited when one fails to see a sin when actually there is one, tends to minimize its seriousness, Certain degree of moral certitude happens when the judgment about the goodness or evil of a particular action is made without the fear of being mistakén. Doubtful/Probable degree of moral certitude happens when there is a suspension of judgment on the moral goodness or evil of action.because the intellect cannot see clearly whether it is good or bad. Perplexed degree of moral certitude happens whien one is compelled to choose between two evils. Barbara is in constant fear and unnecessarily condemns herself for sins that she believes she has committed, even after, trying. t0 live a perfecily blameless life and doing everything to make up and atone for whatever sins she has committed. As such, she is said to have a scrupulous conscience: Jeffrey grew up in a violefitienvironment. He became a leader of a gang and eventually a gun for hire group and aidrug syndicate. He could kill and harm anybody without the slightest remorse or guilt. He has a callous conscience. The principle of double effect justifies euthanasia. Objective moral Gonsciousness happens when the intellect's dictate on the goodness or evil of an intended or performed action coincides with the truth. Correct mofalliconSciousness is when one testifies, judges and approves in accordance with the Gbjective law as it truly is. Culpability’of moral consciousness is the degree to which a person can be held responsible if he causes a negative event and the act was intentional. If the act and its Gpnsequences could have been controlled, the agent knows the likely consequences and ‘thatihe provides no excuse or justification for the actions Erroneous moral consciousness happens when one dictates falsely, contrary to objective and binding law- through ignorance to that law; moral conscience that remains in Ignorance, 201 Proiessional Education bullETs: 2071 Edition mUtilitarianism is a consequentialist theory; ew that an action is morally right if it produces at least as much good (utlity)'for all people affected by the action as any alternative action that could be done instead. Ethical hedonism is the view that our fundamental moral obligation is to méakimize pleasure or happiness. Epicureanism teaches that the greatest good is to seek modest pleasufééin'order to attain a state of tranquility, freedom from fear, and absence from bodily pain. Altruism is an ethical doctrine that holds that the moral value of an_jindividual’s actions depend solely on the impact on other individuals, regardless of the consequences on the individual itself. The Four Pillars of Education form the basis for the UNESCO report Learning: The Treasure Within published in 1966. Learning to know includes the development of the faculties of memory, imagination, reasoning, problem-solving, and the ability to think in’ coherént and critical way. Leaming to do is closely linked to vocational-technicaliedutation and work skills training. Learning to live together implies an education that emphasizes discovery of others and experience of shared purposes throughoutilife, Learning to be is based on the principle that the aim of development is the complete fulfilment of man, in all the richness of his. personality, the complexity of his forms of expression and his various commitments. The pillar learning to live together best describes the phrase “Unity in Diversity.” “Learning to lear” is best$een ‘in an individual's skill to process and select information. Interdependence best described people of the world learning te live together in peace “ harmony throtigh understanding of each other's history, traditions and spiritual values With the Transpatency International's perception that the Philippines suffers a cultural malaise of coguptiony the ethical-spiritual component of our character needs to be further developed.along the Learning to Be pillar of education in the 21 century. Peacé| Education is education which empowers people with the skills, attitudes, and ~——_.. maintain and restore ralabonati ps at all levels of human interaction. Asformative Education is an educational process that bring about deep and changes (for the better) in an individual and ultimately culminates in similar at the societal level, principally brought about through innovative and creative ng and leaming, curriculum reform and appropriate policy at the schoo! level. Global Education involves learning about those problems and issues which cut across Rational boundaries and about the interconnectedness of systems—cultural, ecological, economic, political and technological. (00 Proiessional Education DuILETS: 2021 Edition aSocial Dimersions of E1UC311 00 _ qu Inclusive Education is an education based on the right of all leamers to quality ‘education that meets basic leaming needs and enriches lives. An inclusive curriculum treats knowledge and experience of women, racial groups and ethnic groups as being just as valid and relevant as the knowledge of dominant groups in mainstream academic discourse. Alternative Education is a non-traditional type of approach to education baged onthe belief that there are many varied pathways to become educated in Many types of educational environments and settings, and utilizing different, variety of structures. It describes different approaches to teaching and leaming other than State-provided mainstream education, usually in the form of public or private schools with @ispecial often innovative curriculum and a flexible program of study which is based to @ large extent on the individual student's interests and needs. + Development Education strives for quality of economic, social, and political development in all countries; faimess in relationship between and within countries; equitable and meaningful linkages between developed and, developing countries. Multicultural Education emphasizes oneself andijothers ‘through the exploration of concepts of cultural diversity, similarities, prejudices, and cultural understanding Developing tolerance is a key value in learning to live together in harmony. + Human Rights Education promotes understanding of human rights concept and values: to enable learners to comprehend and transform conditions which give rise to human rights violations and exalts dignity and worth ofthe human person. + CiviclCitizenship Education focuses ofthe study of the basic concepts, beliefs and values underlying our democratic political community and constitutional order. It is an important means for capacity development on the societal level by empowering people with civic knowledge, skills andidispositions for effective civic engagement. + Environmental Education réthinks® human-earth relationships, fosters a vision of education for sustainable development, promotes care for the environment and builds a global culture of ecological responsibilty. : Transformative ledming is the idea that leamers who are getting new information are also evaluating théinpast ideas and understanding, and are shifting their very worldview as they obtain new information and through critical reflection. + Gender Studiés promotes gender equality and hamessing the role of women in development, = Whentl@®person shows the ability to understand and appreciate the similarities and differences in customs, values, and beliefs in one's culture, he/she is said to possess multi-cultural literacy. + (Civic \cillture is a type of political culture where citizens view their active involvement in ‘politics as both desirable and effective. + Lifelong education for all is the key features of the 21" century education. + Aglobal teacher is able to teach leamers from diverse groups and cultures. * The inability to forgive runs against the Filipino family value of sacrifice, ‘91 Professional Education bullfTs: 2021 EditionDimensions of Education DepEd’s A Child- and Community-Centered Education System (ACCES) describes the learnet-centered education that teachers ought to provide. Ethnocentric does NOT describe learner-centered education DepEd's A Child- and Community-Centered Education System (ACCES) describes the leamer-centered education that teachers ought to provide. Exclusive doss NOT describe leamer-centered education. Innovations to enhance learning for all types of learners is 2 quality of avengaging environment most reflective of education for all (EFA). To survive in the global community and in the 21st century, one must be @ digital expert. ‘Owing to issues in friendship, family tes, gender rights, etc, Social, Seience is 2 value ich subject that provides a wide opportunity for value formationief learners. The pinning of veil around the bride and the groom, the exchange of rings. and the releasing of doves during wedding ceremonies show thateultureis symbolic. Resignation to mediocrity best describes “pwede fia" Tnentality vs. excellence in servioelwork. The observation that students from poor familigs\have higher risks of failing and dropping from school attest to the research findings that student's motivation may vary according to socio-economic background. ‘Teachers should regard new trends andiféforms in education as an opportunity. From global competence 2s defined by international educators, open-mindedness to new culture is the MOST appropriate characteristic of a globally competent One of the principles of learnersisays that “Each learner approaches the world in many ways." This can be appliéd in 2 multicultural dassroom by giving varied learning experiences. Social norms devel6p the “good” life. In the society, prosperity is the LEAST important to the consideration of a “good life” for all. Social adjustment means the ability to behave in accordance with the social expectations, ‘ When household's tasks are typecast as the female's responsibility, gender stereotype is reinforées in.dlassroom management. Under thet Century Life and Career Skills, flexibility and adaptability enables a TSOn fo respond to the change of modemity. "UNM teacher would like to focus on “WELLNESS” which needs to be developed among and so she gives focus on vital values. Universal values are values that apply io the whole humanity as taught by the great teachers, such as Buddha, Lao Tzu, Jesus and the like, ‘1 Protessionat fqucation bullfTs: 2071 Edition nEducational Technology + Bar graph is useful in showing the trend in the temperature change month-to-month. + Apie graph illustrates how a portion of the data relates with the whole. + Inentry, the teacher begins to use technology tools to deliver curriculum conteft to the system. + _ Ina goal-directed Ieaming environment, students use technology tools to set Goals, plan activities, monitor progress, and evaluation result rather than simplyiycompleting assignments without reflection. + In transformation, technology tools are used to facilitate high¢r Ofer leaming activities that may not have been possible without the use of technology. + The teacher provides the learning context and the student choose the technology tools to achieve outcomes in the infusion level of technology integration. + In an active learning environment, the students are actively éngaged in using technology as a tool rather than passively receiving information fram the technology. + In redefinition, technology allows for the creation of Rewitasks, previously inconceivable + In augmentation, technology acts as a direct tool substitute with functional improvement. * In modification, technology allows for significant task redesign. + In substitution, technology is directly:substituted for a more traditional one. + The last stage of the SAMR modélis redefinition and represents the pinnacle of how technology can transform a student's experience. + The most desirable in theilise of technology in instruction is technology integration, + Blog is a form of journal wiiting using the internet and useful for teachers who can publish lesson ideas to digital student readers. + Flip chart is an,aid thatiis 2-dimensional and is hang on the wall. + Terrarium is a Usually:transparent enclosure for keeping or raising plants or usually small animals (such aSiturties) indoors. The Iniféttnet has become the home library of students for vast and updated information Present-day netizen students. are properly referred to today as digital generation. * /PRecording to researches, the likely effect of excessive TV viewing and video games playing among children is shorter attention span. + The teacher can show hierarchy structure graph in order to show how authority is ‘shared in government from the executive to legislative, judicial and local gavemment units. Professional Education bull ETs: 2071 Edition aducational Technology conversation of students using adjectives is an appropriate mut fesource for a lesson on adjectives. in preparing a rough layout for designing visual-charts, posters, bulletin board displays, wie depth is NOT used to maximize dynamism and graphic memory. Web design in the conceptualization, planning, modelling and execution of electronic media content delivery via internet. Copyright is giving the person the exclusive right to control reproduction ar @daptation of his works for a certain period of time. nd non-obvious invention and gives . Patent is granting a person or a new useful ai he the invention without a license from the holder a right to prevent others from practicing inventor. Trademark is the distinctive sign which is used to distinguish the Products or services of different businesses. ‘A graphic organizer which shows the chain of command in, an organization or department is called an organizational chart. In a computer, the OK command indicates acceptance. + Word processor is an application programithat'éllows you to encode letters and other documents. ‘The first step in selecting a folder file.or an icon is to left click once on it. + The step done to open a folderer riin.a program is to double click with left button on it. MS Excel is an application prégram'which allows you to create, organize and analyze data. » E-mail is the shortcut term forthe word electranic mail. CPU is considered as the heart and brain of the computer. information or data put on the computer. Input is the term fee t + Datta is the raw materal to be processed by a computer. ' Input 2e8.gend information to the computer so it can perform a task. The, PO board of the computer is its motherboard. ‘ oi is the application program you need to find, retrieve, view and send from the internet. * A modem is a device which serves as the intermediary between the computer and the Phone system, ‘Trofessional Education bullETs: 2071 EditionExiucational TCCDOOUOSY eres + Drill and practice categories of CAI will be used if the objective is to increase profi in a newly learned skill or refresh an existing one. , ees = Face-to-face communication is made possible via the computer through Skype. + Models, replicas, charts, graphs and specimen belong to resources and materials. + Aecording to Edgar Dale's Cone of Experience, people remember 70% of What thay say and write. + Word processing. spreadsheets, grachic design eppe, and desttepBeplting are examples of productivity tools. The teacher explains by spicing her lectures with examples, deSeriptions, and stories She applies elaboration through elements. + The most appropriate use of television in the classroom is TV viewing with cuts and explanation. + Aflow chart is a graphic organizer which shows the sequence or flow of a process. + Michael Harrington noted: “If there is technological advance without social advance, there is, almost automatically, an increase in human misery.” Internet pornography shows that Mr. Harrington is right. = Ayoung mother observes her seven year old git! glued to her computer games. Parent~ child relationship aspect of family life’mMay suffer due to obsession of the young with technology gadgets. = In reading books, fietion ‘are Most likely very creative by way of descriptive language and imaginative dramati¢ opisedes. + The main organization adjorientation of science and social studies reading materials is descriptive. + Technology integfation is the meaningful implementation of technology in educational settings to achieve leaming goals. + Of clusters of maaningful learning activities, peer tutoring does not belong to spatial + From gai Ryareinat learning activities, ecological field trip does NOT belong to leaming. + Attribute Wheel is a useful tool for constructivist leaning in presenting the characteristic gue objects/subjects in a lesson, @.g. in Biology. a gape drawing is an example of spatial leaming that is appropriate for the iation of the beautiful. When classes began, Teacher Prince asked students in pairs to interview and introduce each other fo the class. This activity is classified as purpeseful experience according fo Edgar Dale's Cone of Leaming Experience. | Protessional Education bull TS: 2021 Edition aicational Technology ‘The teacher brings her class to the zoo because she abides by the principle of teaching from concrete to the abstract. ‘The teacher is the best classroom device. Graphic materials help present information through drawings, words, pictures. or symbols. Knowing how to use virtual reality headsets to teach about the Renaissance would be an example of Technological, Pedagogical Content Knowledge. {Aliterature professor wants to present historical movements in Philippinesiiterature. The most appropriate teaching tool for Mr. Florencio to use is a timeline- 1A teacher would like to discuss water cycle with his 4 pupils. next Week. The graphic organizer that is best for him to use is a sequence chain. Textbooks, magazines and newspapers are examples of print materials. Supplementary materials are the best sources of ideaiand information, particularly on current topics, otherwise not available from textbooks. A timeline chart shows the chronological relationshipjbetween events. Drawings and illustrations are non-photographic representations of reality. TPACK Model is 2 technology integratién, model that illustrates the complex interplay between Technological Knowledge, Pedagogical Knowledge, and Content Knowledge. Accycle diagram shows a process with 2 Continuous cycle The proper position when youWérite Gh the chalkboard while busy discussing your lesson in front of the class is right side view as you talk. An episcope is a projector for opaque objects like photographs. Pleasing and simpledesigns are the kind of stimuli that would help increase the probability thatsthe leamer will ramember and can produce what was presented in the instructional materials utilized in the classroom. A mock-up, i intended to show the essential parts of an object which are made detachable, Blended.éarning is an approach to education that combines ‘online educational materials and opportunities. for interaction online with traditional place-based classroom methods. e students interact with a computer ‘So instruction is any curricula in which shin he element of the learning process. Although the term is u describe a number soe ctor is almost always present of different teaching methodologies and curricula, an instru to organize and monitor student activities. Teachers should identify the objectives before using instructional media to determine which media to use best.cational Technology uter-assisted instruction (CAl) is an interactive instructional techni Computer is used to present the instructional material and monitor the eoria terete place. CAI uses 2 combination of text, graphics, sound and video in enhancing ine leaming process: itimedia learning occurs when a leamer builds a mental wea otures that have been presented. representation froftiqerds + Avirtual learning environment (VLE) is a set of teaching and learning tools designs enhance a student's learning experience by including computers and the Internet inl the learning process. + e-Learning, or electronic learning refers to the delivery of learning and training through digital resources. It is based on formalized learning but is provided Drroiigh stectons devices such as computers, tablets and even cellular phonesthat are connected to the internet. + Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL) is referred to as the combination of a teachers practices and understandings around leaming and teaching, paired with the appropriate use of technological tools ta achieve pedagogical aims and maximize student outcomes and experiences. + Ubiquitous learning, also called u-leaming, is. the interaction between humans and ‘computers in order to learn * Digital education is the innovative use of digital tools and technologies during teaching and leaming. + Acomputer serves as an informative tool since it provides vast amounts of information in various forms such as graphics) text, sounds, and video. + Presenting real samples of plants in 2 Biology class applies the principle of authenticity. Digital collaboration is'the practice of people working together through online means. * Networked learning refers to a method of collaborative internet-based education whereby learners Gan connect with resources, teachers and other students. * MOOC stands forimassive open online course. * MOOCs are massive because enrolments are unlimited and can run into hundreds of thousands. * MOOC8iard/epen because anyone can enroll — that is, there Is ne admission process. MOQOCs are online because they are delivered via the intemet. MOOCs are considered course because their goal is to teach a specific subject Modular learning is a form of distance leaming that uses Self-Learning Modules (SLM) based on the most essential learning competencies (MELCS) provided by DepEd. Cyberbutlying or cyberharassment is form of bullying or harassment using electronic ‘00 Prelesional Education BILETs: 2021 Eation =Education 1 is impractical to bring real objects to the classroom so the teacher canstructed a three- ari gnstonal visual instead. He constructed 2 model. nee use is a legal doctrine that promotes freedom of expression by permitting the rficensed use of copyright-protected works in certain circumstances ¢ ‘1Protessional tgucation bullETs: 2021 Editionsessment of Learn Ui Traditional Assessment is more on thinking or choosing for a response, focuses on recallirecognition, teacher structures, grounded an indirect evidence and is contrived + Authentic Assessment is more on performing, utilizes someone's construction application abilities, student-structured, grounded on direct evidence and is realife. + Product or showcase portfolio is usually used as a summative assessment to @valuate mastery of leaming objectives and it highlights the best work of thélearner’ accomplishments. + Process portfolio expands information by integrating reflections and higher-order cognitive activities and it is a documentation of all stages of the learning process including the leamer's work all throughout the entire educational progression + Documentation or Working portfolio is used to highlight development and improvement of learners over time and it usually involves @ range of artifacts from brainstormed lists to rough drafts to finished products. + Rubric is a measuring tool utilized in rating performanée-based tasks and it is also the key to corrections for assessment tasks designed to meastire that attainment of leaming competencies that require demonstration of skills or creation of products of learning Holistic Rubric describes the overall quality of a performance or product, thus, ‘only one rating is given to the entire work. * Analytic Rubric shows the quality of @)performance or product in terms of identified dimensions or criteria for which are.rated independently to give a better picture of the quality of work or performance, Learning targets should be clearly stated, specific and centers on what is truly important. * Examples of Self-Report) Assessment Methods are survey, sociometric devices, questionnaires, inventories and attitude scales. A balanced assessment sets targets across all sets in domains of leaming which include cognitive, affective andpsychomotor or Gardner's domains of intelligence. * Validity is the usefulness of the instrument for a given purpose, thus, it measures what it intends to measure. itis the most important criterion of a good assessment instrument. * Content Validity reflects the curricular objectives through a careful and critical examination of the objectives of assessment. * Criterion-rélated validity utilized correlational statistics between the assessment ‘nsfument and another external predictor or measure. Construct validity is established by analyzing the activities and processes that 20nd to a particular concept by comparing psychological traits or factors that theoretically influence scores of a leamer in a test. Ambiguity in assessment contributes to misinterpretations and confusions, it usually ‘Confuse the brighter students rather than the poor ones. ""Prolessional Education bullETs:2071 Edition =LESS Uy onal Assessment is more on thinking or choosing for & response, focuses « Meaalrenogelion, lecher tuchires, grounded on insted sero and is contived. + Authentic Assessment is more on performing, utlizes someone's construdion ‘pplication abilities, student-structured, grounded on direct evidence and is realifes. + Product or showease portfolio is usually used as a summative assessmél to evaluate mastery of leaming objectives and it highlights the best work of thé:-leamer accomplishments. Process portfolio expands information by integrating reflection§ nd higher-order cognitive activities and itis a documentation of all stages ofthe learring process including the leamer's work all throughout the entire educational progression. Documentation or Working portfolio is used to highlight development and improvement of leamers over time and it usually involves @ tange of artifacts from brainsiormed lists to rough drafts to finished products Rubric is a measuring tool utilized in rating performanée-based tasks and it is also the key to corrections for assessment tasks designed to measure that attainment of learning competencies that require demonstration of skills creation of products of learning * Holistic Rubric desoribes the overall qualify of a performance or product, thus, only ane rating is given to the entire work. + Analytic Rubric shows the quality of @lperformance or product in terms of identified imensions: or criteria for which are rated independently to give a better picture of the quality of work or performance, Learning targets should be clearly stated, specific and centers on what is truty important * Examples of Self-Report Assessment Methods are survey, sociometric devices, Questionnaires, inventories and attitude scales. * Abalanced assessment sets targets across all sets in domains of leaming which include cognitive, affective @ndipsychomotor or Gardner's domains of intelligence. Validity is the Usefulness of the instrument for a given purpase, thus, it measures what it intends to measure. Itis the mast important criterion of a good assessment instrument. * Content Validity" reflects the curricular objectives through a careful and critical examination i the objectives of assessment. * Griterion-rélated validity utilized correlational statistics between the assessment 'nsttument and another extemal predictor or measure. Ghstrlict validity is established by analyzing the aciviies and processes that to a particular concept by comparing psychological traits or factors that ‘Reotetcally influence scores of a learner in a test. * Ambiguity in assessment contributes to misinterpretations and confusions, it usually ‘confuse the brighter students rather than the poor ones. ""Preessionaltdacaton wus: 2071 ion =