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    90 views302 pages

    GS-3 Notes Satyam Gandhi

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    Truth of Ancient Hinduism.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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Reg’ re post nawert loeqen to IW Sa nai eT Ye apa baned_abroath will be { owed, v egeatis) 4 {co arm through Pos 2 \wammante Lovergge for fuss vorelt- pirct bine @ Indepenal bahriex otaka in v013 @ Aanee and Aapaswlbie, froatethia dr fund. (PIDE) concen lore prence. @ tock @ pathogew' Date “ duis cose pothogewe and & 4 SCOgt, oll wee losseu. @ tate 4 tramed human raourys AUPE © lw produrcha clue to wagpiabeus Fechnalope 6 poor Nene andupler o loa ot moduused slaughbe houre (i doen poduckilt, 4 tggug is 1, Cr ® edlhrol wsuy © tow puoduchn 4 Aivatoet. Lad 0 {lee @ proceniny + valu ad dion © ingfeckve maletg Ataly ey (D fare surveillance pmovutmuy, co pela oan 6 aw oul brea le q Auseouse lin care ® {mblenmaent” aoa © eowervat? oak 4 neo geste raoureg © ‘roby | ngaspourss thyough puievh © ot abbecttole © Gy poducte rorn abetttov'’s ~ wee a vie added pvooluele— (eg— pet foods , Bowe el Ns ® luck sateceeaiiies i : PAO=" dian Meat IrdLwabyp ersp eotie Oped wp store Hort meah proceul Dlautt d 4 wee fechto ralie_mase byff vo t colier fr reat prod” © Tno a fps reonls buffalo und cowro.thad foams; © establudvng Liseare (ree gona pr \ reandag awimals ; fyeneral Overlao - llveioek Sector Student Notes: aswer: [The answer deals with every section of the livestock sector separately detailing each section’s challenges and suggestions making this answer quite long. This has been done to provide sufficient details with respect to livestock sector so that students can confidently tackle any section specific question in the examination} The animai production system in India is predominantly rar) aetna Sateen dhttarthe security and survival of large le. In such systems, livestock generate income; provide employment, draught power and manure. Also it is a major source of milk, meat, eggs, wool and hides. Thus, animal husbandry plays an important role inthe rural economy. India’s livestock sector is one of the largest in the world. In 2010-LLblivestock generated ‘outputs worth Rs 2075 billion (at 2004-05 prices) which comprised 4% of the GDP and 26% of the agricultural GDP. The total output worth was higher than the value of food grains. Therefore, though animal husbandry has got special attention through various schemes and programmes of the GOI to remove the boitlenecks hindering this sector much still needs to be done. = There are number of socio-economic, envifonmental, ‘techinologi¢al and other challenges that need to be overcome through appropriate policies, technologies and strategies in order to harness the pro-poor potential of animal husbandry. Various sub sector specific challenges along with their Solutions are as follows- Bairysector)] —[avaeth bovi ry, (0) Midia continues to be the ih Production is estimated to be around 121.8 ili ones durlag 2010-11-85 compared to 53.9 millon tonnes in1990-91. Per capita availability of milk at hational level has increased from 176 gram: per day in 1950-91 to 281 grams pr dayin 2010-11. (, woug— kmh I@emnke not al ne as bo ean corre Buoyed LO 2 Segre Cease over the years Vv - fats ation set-up tapaleihia. by 2ov Indiiction of crossbred animals in areas poor in feed resources © Major iC . use ‘Way Forward: auFomere + Continuous support to the States is essential for further genetic up gradation programmes. ‘demand for milk in the Country. * There is further need to and improve the breeding infrastructure created under NPCBB, cen Re OTT Ta ENO rar eeMTyTETN, ‘Multi Ovulation Embryo Transfer Technology (MOET) + Incentivizing investment in this sector + increasing publ investment. sete ochre UHL JAIPUR PUNE HYDERABAD. ‘AHMEDABAD. Lucknow 5 wwwvisionias.in 1 8468022022 vision AS ‘Student Notes: Tn terms of population, India ranks second in the world in goats and third in sheep. The faced by the sector are: maize is the single most important ingredient of is | a reasonable cost is the major problem of poultry | sector. Bee . ad s namely Al often causes heavy losses both in dome rarkeT and international trade, * Lack of Marketing Intelligence: There isa dire Jc national marketing intelligence to bridge the gap between Sioa an SREP PoctarE woah products. ‘+ Human Resource Development: Je meet the growing demand of Sustainable and safe" production there is a Mtige demand for in poultry sector. Low level of processing and value addition in animal products The following measures are suggested to strengthen the, meat and poultry sector for sorrel Rte ge ¢ Long-term sustainable production measurgs have to be looked into to increase the proctor & quae of mats age + Active surveltance, monitoring’ Ghd SARUM ot any outbreaks yA © Network for a ee aren i-mate a ee, Sufficient trained manpower should be develéped in the existing institutions. © With growing urbanization and increasing quality consciousness, the market for scientifically produced meat products is expected to grow rapidly. The market is ‘growing for ready-to-eat and semi-processed meat products because of a changing socio-economic scenario and an increase in exports to neighbouring countries, especially the Middle East. + “The meghanze aster hes produce huge quatties of ofl and digests rom the slaughtered animals which could be profitably utilized for a of energy for value addition in most of the modern pla © There is a nec x inorder to improve sow productivity, growth rate of piglets“and Teed conversion efficiency. ee oper TEER OME ERA for highét income of livestock owners. The environmental pollution and spread of livestock diseases ' be prevented. With onl ‘The nutritive value of feed and fodder has a significant bearing on productivity of livestock. The gap between the demand and supply of fodder is fast increasing DELHI JAIPUR PUNE HYDERABAD ‘AHMEDABAD LUCKNOW 187 www visionias.in 8468022022 Vision 1AS Student Notes: Challenges: The ‘main challenges in providing adequate and quality fodder and feed include: © While numbers of livestock are growing, but the grazing lands are gradually Re sate ii] The area under fodder cultivation is also limite + A majori ; have either been degraded or encroached upon restricting their availabilty forlvestock grazing + Diversified use = oF ETEUROTS aN bes a papaT TAIT Baca Te widening the gop between the supply and demand for fodder. lity of fodder, crop residues, agro ‘and feed grains (coarse cereal graf This is required build an actual database, on feed and fodder, to be used for more effective and realistic planning of livestock sector development. * As i es is burnt rmers after har of m : + In mos othe states there are inadgquatestafs to addess the problems related to fodder. The measures which can contribute to impfoved fodder and feed situation include the following > © A reliable database is required for assisting in realistic planning. * Supply of quality foddagatieed: aged on a priority bas ‘+ The forest department can play'a major role in augmenting fodder jer crops, Azolla production, etc ss needs to be increased in the Benized/cooperatve sector. ‘+ Production of condensed fodder blocks needs to be encouraged by creating an assured market, coupled with providing a transport subsidy for supply to distant areas. High prevalence of various animal diseases like Foot & Mouth Disease (FMD), Brucellosis, Classical Swine Fever and Avian Influenza is a serious impediment to growth in the livestock sector. There is a dire need to strengthen a e for timely diagnosis and treatment of animal diseases. Emphasis also needs to be given to strengthen art mobile veterinary services to ensure door-step veterinary support. Challenges: The main challenges confronting the animal health sector include: + Veterinary hospitals, dispensaries and technical manpower are inadequate. + The disease reporting is neither timely nor complete which delays proper interventions. + Inadequate availability of vaccines and lack of cold storage. LHI JAIPUR PUNE HYDERABAD ‘AHMEDABAD Lucknow 8 wwwvisionias.in +¥ 8468022022 Vision as The main challenges facing the fisheries sector include: % Y liable resource and updated data, a efits of fish. ‘ for fishers and fisheries The Way Forward The following measures will strengthen the animal health sector: . ‘don pales TAREE REAEHEarkderiotoey: hospital infrastructure and manpower need to be developed. India is the one ine SaaS, contributing 5.54 percent of global production, Allocations made for the development of fisheries sector through the Centrally Sponsored Schemes and Central Sector Schemes are utilized for implementation of both development and welfare oriented schemes through the respective states and UTs. In addition to the allocations made through CSS and CS, assistance is provided through other flagship programmes like Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKV¥) and the. recently launched National Mission for Protein Supplements (NMPS) as well as other programmes like Marine Fisheries Development Scheme, Inland Fishery Development Scheme, Fishermen Welfare Scheme. $s The following measures will help to further strengthen the fisheries sector: Schemes of integrated approach for enhancing inland fish production and Producti, with forward;and backward linkages ight from production chain and. resource replenishment programme like setting up of artifical reefs. Therefore, the extent to which the pro-poor potential of livestock can be harnessed would depend on how technology, institutions, policies and financial support address the constraints of the sector. The number-driven growth in livestock production may not sustain in the long run due to its increasing stress on the limited natural resources. Te Aura SH Fn SS Bw EOE RE an ENCNN ar systems eae npn Pa RINE , » Student Notes: DELHI 159 JAIPUR PUNE HYDERABAD AHMEDABAD Lucknow www.visionias.in # 8468022022 Vision 1AS a PRG Rateable [RED pron af emuay —creeers 49 skal and Auvieey, redid by a_Avchiowa ocho, 4 Pn oe: y “gor-adyle Ina J hove dey paso Re fi one. ja Vanes: —— haem. 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Z Bu UPL aie Na Bigital yogth ewan drive vA a cscs Finanerae (ncwusioM L cecil er Aemca 0 unbanked sechoe tj Jomalisak clans of people began Aince nobonabisahion Cleaok bank Schone] two pillar +44 judgenrvart © phould be cont ffeehive, [loud co 8 & becaune oe a to poor people @ should have Y Aimpley eve Worms —_——— Bonk Mi trax Ulndivrbuols but by the banla t prowele base banking Aeyiced a dithing remoke vues mt coat aff ehive, ed ae le mil nom. ia brojersignal sin an buyiner coneupon. . lower trumuaben [Phunemeration trong Ps Profas ‘onabsim| oly, bmcuin bj 4 open lange. fo - Of -bank. accounk , Coe Incenber fo» people 1 open Bank a ceoungy G) Zero bart bolonce alem qi) LUC oor Almplen Ui) mo auliky pb ale holde, =" Pebi't Caro Mobile. Bonty | free ‘ ‘ eich CoAt (9 Free he Acetsland- Insurance, 7 I Fa0k bt 2b inh inertanedl fo F2t ) nee + daa rarest een. Short term creouit) biel Uph 8000. jnow F000, Intra 6] obfethva— Athenee 4 Aucewryud oe S27 Ae eb banks ale. | |Z ae Banke. ® Not Nok an aant aie fost affective for a) : bs alower rvenu, dur he zero ae —belance, acteurs fexerdapoait = learnt Bhabha ob 1 bo many a/c. & foo o benefits - @ Na duplicate Ctrounts person having a bank e/a obening tall means no dinanu'al [nelurion @ Pomnant banle nota rachion dor Acme hime means no Jinanc'&h Inclurion G by some ah may — qroun & govt thoug ht DBT tramachon wil prevent dormancy. but govt couldn't eonret all ubsitli ¢—+ DBT “(fae rubsicty) Jpubsioly) 4 : B Nachikel Mor Comm, recommendat ri 1 © Can accept oporits ys (wv Cannot qi Loans, erat Cond ko» euCes (mt) Meat irwert at least 907 of MOTE gut secs Wy esac 00 of bronehe andl ATMs mai cer on | fer bared bankirg, w wes mi\ = worker &® remit mo bat. ae — (Jandhans yojng Implen EXC. usked for loca) Sudan bri han ‘| ue) a * Payment: Bonk have he ups col'Hh Cocat shope ; t ard Post epic —s hetp In remifance sence file Poymou Bank, PoaT my Fol pay monk Bank. Rae et bm hove brontha) eae promioled AOMreBean'eer i'n ols terme Aga bese it cost cp beast effect “ag by [imi fobors | : © firdle + allowed EXC + qB brogl 217) bare thout ened ne account operel withour users trowl . [Rais Re PAC wuut be yerthel by some 34 © limitahon a | local. Arey 4 Da iy S18 ee lov oe be, erapecd © ter bared Ba can be. ea’ ii ol i praeut- it Aufiulend jf rot Elects ; mobil e phone, nkourel - * thalleng a fo finanelt Ineluior 0 lock of intea ., itt a @ lool d CrecLit brovisi9n) ah moat {fin- inet for dchore focus gly more imp. gn inclusion not on erga than bant afc ® lack f tranetal Lifer AWOALS gbout a Aen, capabilities we y financial sewncer, absent + can make mablercaorsy Coul've froudk) 3A.Land reforms Land reforms 1. At the time of independence ownership of land was highly concentrated in few hands of zamindars, etc. Also, landlords used to extract maximum rental from tenants which left tenants with no money after paying the rental and thus made no effort to develop agriculture. Often cultivators were shifted from one farm to another by landlords on their whims and fancies. Also, land was not organised and thus number of small fragments existed. 2. Objectives of land reforms: 1. Intermediary abolition: It was to be done so that ownership of lai eee operation of land. The owner himself should operateand manage the land. 2. Land ceilings: To meet the land hunger of working cultivators. To reduce disparity in agricultural incomes in ownership and in the use of land. To increase employment opportunities in the rural sector. 3. Consolidation: Consolidation of the land for more efficient management. 4. Cooperative farming: To Larger financial resources could be invested and employment opportunities increased. 5. Settlement: To confirm the rights of occupancy of tenants, secure their possession of tenanted land and also rents on leased land. 3. [Opposition to land reforms 1. Many argued that ceiling and tenancy legislation would infringe upon 2/% was said that agricultural output of the nation would be adversely af because small farming ve I be inefficient as they would not be able to afford the cost 6f mechanisation. 3. It was argued that land was a property siti eili dajustcess ed in other sectors. process the reform strategy was diluted. 5. NSS collected data in 1954 which was made available to the planners in 1960. As, planners had already formulated the policy, the magnitude of the problem involved in structural reorganisation could not be realized on time. 4. [Benefits of iL 1. Almost two crore tenants were brought into direct relationship with the governmept.— Many millions of cultivators who had previously been weak tenants or tenants at will were became superior tenants. Many absentee zamindars actually started personal cultivation: They had money to buy high yielding seeds, pesticides, ferilisers, machine 0, agricultural 4, The ‘occurred in a democratic framework, virtually a ae. cocreon or violence was ed = wed > . In actual practice the legislative enactments equated intermediaries with the zamindars and as a result it left a class of rent receivers and absentee landlords under ryotwari untouched. 2. Intermediaries were re quite successful in getting hu; ge iethay be mentioned that c nays’ nations al lished it it without any compensatign, — Mosbfate_laws permitted Zamindars to keep part of land for tenant farmers and keep most of the land with themselves. When states Governments passed abolition laws, the zamindars EEE Govt passed first amendment act, they nied to cooperate with revenue officials, ‘iad ing land reforms. 5. Landowners who wield great authority organised the landless and » > /ho became . But thes leasing land to inferior tenants and share or 6. \Griticismofland ceilings\_ 1. There are some cases where assignments on benami basis have been made. Landlords panera land to their relatives, friends np etc., thereby coming under the ceiling on paper. was also(very hig and number offexemptionswere ee future for green revolution. This was misused to keep large land for themselves. The land ceiling act could not yield enough land to fulfil land requirement of vast population of tenants. ‘Adéfge chunk of land which was e = 1. In pursuance of consolidation, many States had enacted legislations but not much progress could be made except in the states of UP, ja and Punj; 2. Farmers are emotionally attached to their ancestral land, and therefore, they are not willing to take advantage of the scheme of consolidation of holding. 3, Those farmers who own good quality land do not favoi py scheme in fear of getting inferior and poor quality land after‘the consolidation. 4. Consolidation of holdings is@gumbersome process) The government officials who implement the scheme are'generally- slow 6, In every consolidation, about 5 to 10 percent of the land is taken out for providing house sites to the weaker sections of society, approach roads and village utility services. Hence, if the process is repeated three or four times, a sizeable portion of the agricultural land would go out of agriculture. 6. Ithas been observed that agenaa are generally allotted inferior quality land, and due to lack of money power, they are neither able to please the officials nor get justice in the epurt—— 1. Tenancy reforms aim to regulation of rent, provide security of tenure and conferring ownership to tenants. 2. Farmers don’t have farm security which reduces their incentive to improvise and make long term investment in that farm. 3. Land leasing option faces legal difficulties as most States either ban tenancy or permit it strictly in certain circumstances. This has become a hindrance in progressive revenue models like that of contract farmin; 5. Significant tracts of land remain barren and uncultivated éven after fragmer Jand among nuclear families. 9. (Roadblocks in tenancy refo: We lack digitised data and records of the landholdings Stthe people With the government, which act as a major impediment in the way of tenancy reforms. . The lead to eviction of tenants before the even came into force, These laws pushed tenancy to underground in Concealed form. 3. Only upsion tenants benefited from these laws as they had legal knowledge and economic power to get justice, In many state laws, sharecroppers don’t enjoy same rights as‘@ tenant. Therefore, landowners converted tenants into sharecroppers. 4. Women in India ave traditionally been deprived of property rights and their property rights still meet with strong social“ oj S101 5. Government on various occasions face protest from the public a1 opposition in an attempt to introduce the land bill. Political will remains a major case of concern too. eae . Most state acts allow landowners to take back land from tenant for pers: ivation. This was very ambitious as personal cultivation was not defined properly. . Complexity of land laws and the conflicts between centre and state imp i i issues. 8. There are plethora of pending cases in the courts of laws. 10. Expected benefits after tenancy reforms 1. Reforming tenancy laws and replacing them with contracts will protect property rights, bring more land under cultivation, and encourage investment. Returns for cultivators and owners both will increase. . Legal documents can lead to improvement in the terms of land use and facilitate access to credit and other social security benefits from the government for tenants and cultivators. p 2 is p 3. This would give greater sense of security to the owner who wants to lease out land and it will also give greater certainty of tenure to the tenant. 4, It will open doors for the consolidation of the operational land holdings. 41. Arguments in the favour of repealing these laws . The big landholders who did not have much political power at the time of independence, have now become powerful. In this environment it is almost impossible to implement these laws. . Dramatic changes have taken place in agriculture with the introduction of HYV seeds, mechanisation, introduction of fertilizers etc. But ceiling denies farmers the opportunity to hold more land with surplus profit. ‘The present tenancy laws have practically abolished lease market in Jand and thus curbed the opportunity of farmers to develop agriculture. The large land holding will result in modernisation of agriculture with the investment of more surplus capital. . The resulting landlessness from the large landholding shall be offset by the employment of these people in agriculture itself. It should be backed by minimum wage legislation. . It would lead to-corporate farming which in turn leads to growth of food processing industry. 12, Arguments against the repeal of these laws 1. The resulting landlessness shall not be arrested in case of modernisation as mechanisation is labour saving. 2. With subsidies already quite high, the government would not like to be further burdened for paying minimum wages. 3. With the introduction of modemisation, the surplus income has increased for small farmers as well. Thus, small land holding has also become economically viable. . Since agricultural income is not taxed, if the ceiling and tenancy laws are repealed, then businessmen and rich people will start amassing large land holdings leaving no scope for farmers to grow. Land prices will soar and speculators would have a field day. . The cherished agenda of inclusive growth shall be defeated and 2 B o - s the gulf between rich and poor shall widen. 6. The repeal of these laws shall be too drastic a change to adopt. Several measures need to be taken before considering such a change. For example, the imposition of agricultural income tax and agricultural holding tax shall deter the large holdings. Further, it should be relaxed only in a phased manner. 13, Draft national land reform policy Distribute land to all rural landless poor. 2. Restore land unjustly taken from vulnerable communities such as the Dalits and Tribals. Protect the land of the Dalits and Tribals including the commons that they depend on going forward. 3. Liberalise leasing laws for the benefit of agriculture. 4, Improve land rights of women. 14, Women and Land . In all Government land transfers, women’s claims should be directly recognised. . In all land distribution schemes (surplus land), the land should be distributed in the name of head women. Also, elderly women and widows too would gain title to land. . The policy recommends that 50 percent of land holdings given Yy forest communities should go to women. . The policy advises the states to consider the adoption of a group approach in land cultivation. Thus, group titles to women’s group should be granted. The policy also asked the state to assess all uncultivated arable land and give women’s groups such land. . The Twelfth Five Year Plan emphasised enhancing women’s land access from all three sources such as direct government transfers, purchase or lease from the market and inheritance. . The land rights can serve multiple functions in rural women’s lives and would empower them to challenge the socio-economic and political inequalities prevalent in the rural-semi feudal society. p » = g > Land reforms 1. Land acquisition by states 1. Prior to the enactment of 2013 law, the land acquisition was done by the states according to their own laws. Thus, states are more experienced to handle these land acquisition issues. 2. Land is basically a state subject. Different states are at different levels of development and have their own land use priorities. For example, states like Punjab and Haryana which have a large irrigated land fear of not being able to develop because of the current law. Other states might have a different opinion. 3. It will force states to be competitive in attracting investment and balance the dynamics of their internal politics. Also this would force states to prioritise computerisation of land records which would make land conversion and sale more transparent, 4, States can offer better deals to farmers like partial compensation in lump sum amounts and partial compensation in form of equity. States have representation of local leaders who would be able to convince the farmers for the new terms. 5. The centre should not enforce its will on states on a sensitive issues like land as it will serve as a big blow to cooperative federalism. Rather than dominance of centre over land issue, the states which want to amend their Iaws should be given an opportunity to do so. 2. -Concerns regarding acquisition by states 1. It will create multiple laws, different for different States. Such complexity will burden the investor and increase the cost of acquisition as detailed readings of so many non-uniform laws is time consuming as well as. confusing. 2. It will further divide between states. The more business friendly states like Gujarat and Maharashtra will frame business friendly laws to attract investment, while States like UP will face difficulty in framing favourable laws due to their socio-political conditions. 3. Lessons of Sigur verdict 1. Adhere to law of land: Ensuring proper relief and rehabilitation, taking consent of the landowners. This is important if the project has to be legally tenable and to lessen the opposition. 2. SIA: Assessment needs to be done on whether the people will be better off following the project, whether jobs generated will be sufficient to compensate for livelihood losses and environmental impacts. Placing such findings in the public sphere will help enhance the credibility of the project. 3. Public welfare: Govt’s notion of public welfare might not be the same be as the public’s. While industrialisation might be seen as the panacea for poverty, unemployment, the project affected people might be unwilling to make compromises if development does not benefit them directly. 4. Huge gestation: There is a huge time lag between the project’s starting and its culmination as a viable source of revenue. Unless the company is convinced of the viability and profitability of the project, it should not take a decision. 4, Reasons behind gonflicts over land acquisition 1. Political sei rte are instigated by political parties who want to gain mileage by supporting the poor. 2. — Loss of livelihod: Losing not just land, but a whole generation of farmers and leading to loss of assured livelihood. And this also leads to creating stress on available land as agriculture in India is a densely populated building about to collapse. There is also no effective resettlement and rehabilitation policy, For example, Narmada Bachao Andolan. 3. Spiritual: For most of the farmers agricultural land is not a piece of land but a mother who, feeds them. 4. Economie‘ Farmers are rarely benefited from the project due to inadequate compensation, adverse impact upon landless, small and marginal farmers as the project doesn’t provides employment to all those who are affected. 5. Malpraefices: Although the Land Acquisition Act means acquiring land for some public purpose by the government, activists complain that a number of projects, which have no public purpose, as in the case of Special Economic Zones (SEZs), usurped land from property owners at cheap rates, misusing the Land Acquisition Act. Ex: Maharashtra. B® lack of equibble growth. 6 tacle remunrrmhye pricer, @ ee relattol to globalis apion, Ceombeke uoith og imports) LAND REFORMS Ys ' > tradi Modlinn Hey - (post i941) g ston nM 605,70s. © AboliBien of Trderreas tu 4 low ¢- 2 Fortier Ci ™, at [onto] ihe nauk |—> |Barninolovs Sher] L, eeplortahen of tenant L lower ag producchiny bat __implenutel Land reform in tnd be im n rm in_Inoli'g mali eur politica will satel) & mowtbiy _combeureh'on b frerméoli'ouies al favilitated abol’hon. ANTI doe | Agel CULTURE “ot jor 7 Eto - ae [rportance, Br Indu’ crigaay @ Aolubon i unemp. I powaky pap gp a nud » leven moa olive, furl P Oey Uj © Ago'ealhual Aecloy Supports bay ‘Ineluy bp tx}! } roy an 4 —) rural incor | Tyan eal H Q-wWhorley a dus bry. N hed {thea price] Tower wi “ ey coat Fa Peat) > [iat] (i agsieubure habs Mmolushy both in olemand 41g and. “bby Alolg @ hod _reeeaihy [enablryg es | 6) tbwer ageicalhnad produbnk— 40 agneelhuef groin ws (puna than polembes, : . : i 7 oceupanuy fenawly at the hme 4 indepedlene e Cran; tuba tre pud- fentan > 4ub-lenfuls. Oegb-lenank del nok beni, dies os tl mM aboli'hion @} gamindlow, Earl lets) a LFA MEAWA Ht, re tara tos 4 hine peed les Incenhie te cub veubion io Merare agniwthunt prdbet (fan aod pen rots fo vanthines implementeriion te poorly _implemuueg a, componrol 19 the fiat Gdur® bo Aaek pineal coil! of Aras because tia ds la G reprms couldn) succes duelo” explortahon aged loobho| er 4 ale ‘| cuga irind te Aome goed imblemenbn 7 Aub-kenavls, ee + inefo8) Fouts | 198s (990g dagn : wuwth Oberah'on bargedlay> for le of dus lo ous be 6| Aub rans, nang reform! dapik, Green revolebon not bens ithig we. OG r= Cell on land holes Yr _redisth'b wh '¢ gi Land lowen te Jono Tondton inequsdily th danol pusrevlup Agiieiantaties. a ry poor implement abion GQ ent fefo ees ont prerequisite Ar th & explo ttothion 4 “legal loopholes Ce ern if and get reolisinb ultal — ifuble tong, & simaltaneout a 4 ee Ce South [ore had si'mi'lay reform oust (9 WO. and a wIok §— AUOCRA PLL gage produc @ Gdoaky than othy repr & Remon « Amally and Attend | andl ln ificerl o use, af inpub, Lage produch'n hy ; mean a bang small ano scattered lard nad, hal in bage pd t not cooll tmplementeal because ® comolidlade Cond. ahi ty 4) dond otororrlyp uy neodeet . a oon ers rare Oe fo Ahift ownwuhp. oy lose thelr) lack feild woug a) ownunhip. | Conclusfre Swnualup ngs & some states diol betley in consol: dah'on ae Le Purjorb | wey up Hawgana i eee Ps Consolicah'en of anol poling 43 pre-tonlitbon br 4e . =a & = appropri ak aliocaions 9 - fs Bi) |'Bapo) owenrds Ceiverage) =; Daf fieivnee Hed addition, tmuouree _, — adv. keah - ma, ey a ee dulopret af prt Aeohor @ ey. gouges | 0! @ Ae Not ald proj on feasible ea > prt kedor ran not take et dwwlo peaciord “Wi9n® ©? may be_mone _coatlyy urls Osu luighe trove, trovy.cogr) can, be oftst- thovy h ey 4 ae rot_be suffi io ase ae van eLo_pufortranee pr papaliahont con maby mb efor) 7 D> Ast of Wh ieee requdadony effin). (delay in land aco tvr @ aelay in daananea- pera OF @® differ in cup dua to sinsuffinot yw he hh iwenu- (ole - lott 4 a asm une ge © pvt Dl mavy hme xe i A oe © © ditt in ageing silty? ( peat uring ap dung aoentonp ® Astal buade, - D26 rahow olay ed . is wulsmakch nda - bat a © TNPAS + arset—Labrill @ tauance & pemslon fu Winvat Iq tyro bu, cowstradned by Hie obligat® to invest iin Hiceet © twa ‘eut> Use af ols Auviuig o Joon 6) Jago proce dural colowys.. Of Weencs 4 asl ce m oo E ne 2 ay fenctiow rs munitibel bond mt) al O PePin im[® ete nee povda ong m loa f if ea. @® oor. €D) allowed andi aulemake. vouke 11 AOm4. APCs © Lhaabir of €c8 pally , FFHPee a bes bey + orn Mt finanwra (Ais sre of prllger / : per} | 483 Ly Wuwited. capac! 4 pub_reouregy, b Gugumual aut ' inane ob pub praia Ly bring rate fe aki ony G ron eral Hic ce a a b Wish quality Wwhea aeavices L sy ot get - econ aispabe in contort, 4 Monleek ficanuld ah adupatten abortion } tegod 88 ee i FE opol ‘4 GS non- eae Cobitay, G Ret ave. 7 gully url chon rane " ' \ Jou G podem in cequicihion of Aare @ (Optimal vse allocate and Nate : = LD) evolve_ ) ‘one ‘on {row @ sx and governal iwAhhbisn fo prowole dance|® a Ta ° volt PP | pralted PY) capeuiy_builay, acho ei ni © AtrengHon_iwh'hbonal h'huhonal, cabot! isuiance tet ® © _Atreng tan _ Jagat [frown oH affiveud ) mechaunicrn Dts rebalancing of st aharivg fates) @ fon to pole, seus and encourage pr “Fhs t ie OL umbrtlla pew Abreeael |p proects a Ou. Raatrichigisrne banlea in ComotNuns O develop a with endorcedrt yom Pod. Oe |nfra PPPprajeer Rusu Comps, evalushrg Atioued Pr @u Amund_ PCR f8 paw torebh atk policy and) pel al 4 coutracbor dy ally bound A complele project ee fee hinabire, prolly in aula = enke torte ffovi) cleouance tard acquis han , = Gor Jond us b be acquuirtol. and dune ux Howmspoud before Atoby projec ea fixerk brs mary D 0 how - enbre fiecal bunclag- : NHAI bondd road fol] . Te pvt seoky burden to “ee ng cloona neat, acquin rf ‘Larnd] ante trofdic @® €0C= put vespo | dus fo detreas.ed mst , pvt aecbor tan | (ue Invetbors @ gor taku. spoof reusing capitol, procuuvy elearances b¢fore the omset 4 pyseu-- © govt 40 hold pvt panty O AES In care 4 delay 1 {rl [sue | nance -govt O ente bunden of finance is prob: Op dug hugh #D © lock af ined. fo pet pl ti eg 1 - thue issues eee ® HAN a | > « boll colleen p i yap cost in 9 haa \" pod Loy, (: 607. - eal ast OM, provide Sor ae Y §} Lana. Emer ong z 3A O nomst 4 tollia + troffic. uncedtud © wHAl ewill collet toll ond rind saemicnnouier a)" wrt , tw, codhag ol wy) _upfert inated | ® 40% He 3 reducer burden both pvt pox tegowr ‘ ® toscarr duu bo hry overruns (0S Cx ae ; vod, eee Jax MF cowsitle eis 4 rewdord anor} @ Gor en in jnrtallrros ater aaaen progres Ql worl ® Ail pws 40 meals improvement united oe Tey yerenol = HAM- xeamna fo be Ao)? +} @ indubtne execubion 6 — projeu au oni os ho to poutnait he - busines zebra eS 7 Aan and ne anu J Ppp mmuat not be short cul KAO mout® byF improve publi zarnce Se ond Ypoerey : 2, TRORRETHROA | ale te @ u fh tha Pe tt . us eco gvow ce sehshad ary acyvss aL Aoutly : (ound) ~ Ih - both an outcome and & process 1 1@ (Gon ocean Osleill luv ext - 1 / ( (Ces finwnonl tnetusion] AE) é ny) Bechnologicap gow dw to qo odvancenug pun callings } oO Povaty — oor ace te Comusrdi) Fe and lendulkor een waa abr : , ' U aig ruphve Kol O Vnowmp- > both molily quanhly L ies ~NITI ac og India 4 fron] corm hon “t d vedoun 4 “ Mraceguoke Aouat dv egional, souk yams dspam he low exp en headHead Poot semice, oblived. Systm ~ Malvwtn'6n , are ume ny work or Aotlally week” applica gf ta Me ercahion 4 mn Achool s(Atal fin Mi) fob) krowled oe etonony. a D st NVESTMENT— Sgovb Aung or lig,wiclah’ Zia, or Bai in PSEs. 4 ' finance ma ent Min a > nodal ad Us Aad shown ~Ve roby Of rehurt On) Capital clus by © Vrder-ubhisahen a ey ; © Peoblems mated ty plan’ ng, of brojeokt ladooun. , personnel contrution ® Problems and man ah © Reduce, finanalol burden on fo ® tmp. public finances ® to fund growth ® de polieise non-essenhad Aerie © {0 gop In tax_ revere ® prop “te trade uni policak in enone © brobleen scthisg Iced, unem nd or oe fii, QR | yy © Reo tapism ey % Dept: efor Muatment and Public Ya wid ® introduce combehhon k maaket obfec. 4 Nlo fot in converbing g public monopley-+> pv mon. Reswlt inde ineffiaen ; Ba must be accompanne compeb’hon ig9__the post - pvt” Acenauo . ee } \ [At visimportont fo value the avert bo : disievestrment tn phanta Woouldhebh oven strakeaic, ole te can) vale avert, more better next Hime. corpurates O will recline, divdlends tin hhuro ® Ra on comm. 1993- Pate ownerWip doen't guarantee ehearyl/ ® aAslawatment in essenhlal Psus leaok fp exelusi E Door 7 people {rom 01M ot Kev "| n mer GV Kama tna gl Piebiaon should be or ster hanry pibdlic necoe proceeds showd be wreol hy reateurchous ohh Psus / rural expendi / © ra oligopolishe prachces \s Not tor qos WML eX, INDUSTRY ger gone grt. teapot @ Stiph Aton dary y dy fea! b 6 b yas lo CO mj Agri oe oie oe ee ae Indigeno Ohinh gor Re ce irdusshig *k “e O Absence 9 Basic and V beckush’ iverme di 0d, indus hie ® Absence ial pre maui oy © Poor dey {cn good inolaa hres © No ctiversification 9 Indian Incluas hoon’ @ No elf suyfiuen 4 Indon ruling ¢ cs 4 role of Atte in Indus inout dev. both ax intrepreneun + authonby P Inari Dev gute) rel Union govt. to clieck investment int ae chahnols of indus brah at throug h [eons & PSs rie to Aland upty the lead Mle — monopoly — lerrey hor'ce? worth / q ee COUSUMA losser Papa : ublizat” pees eafig, Burtoueassr Wags (delay; corrupt?) 1 Reswtleel in KEP 9G) UP iberabignts Sg 2 , operw os" eonpantey G pvt sechr allowe c BED Min Mm oll Rechrs Drvabsadn eKeept 3. O develonalicat? ome ieevg @ se. ays. Ta vere CM RTP i revoked eos i al meas War & exbott promohon pier bere ie Ply 430% hing. .ctless than Oth ermany ugg dco, GUntu ma betomes an engine nt "poy lOmn dr afi hy indi be Wage tor] Induiols grrr to be Wynclushd. . & Indias lid ater ee any = be syrah fraby high lo. ‘ae og} aii Ls Creel ae buatowstrottc _ bo: finial constrain Inedlequoe/p,, aeily i 7 4 worke, raul hom problem “Indo ronby lower th oben | a busines avd enpeet iH ale iS EDO rnt- a Merecue Man: Aechw ovowth to l-luy 0 toryth> Ms» ay ©© creale t00mn en a © Em phasis creath vob Abill_ sek among 4 gable © Ica SA ED PRES with hun on domehe vod, hop, Onhaner global _compehher_~ () Ensure env Austainale port ~ NMP» promokx ¢ 09 9M 0 Lt 3 large, inkeorakd NU . townahibs with oll ura. paren dinar cr (Ne aot” MM Bc erate *® Gye 4 sirgle wirdew br Lan [- orl prrhlenn. o teoh\pauk. schume , fame beg / mt re ue OW, Crab! ek Bi WY thy vem. Be. 7 Earebarrion fo nia Auth a synththe Abe dabny * ? Improve export fp ue We 7 ETAs owe 7 taboo _refor oe cds Inno OElechronie. le Vooduci bey “get, inven hn > ee w dub on Imbuby 7 Reduce & dim: bur duly dsavobadh on Inbu wed in in apo ~ lings ae (Ha) wna mat; 1 ett eeu > Atlee i ena > pale Ald. iubunat? atk up 4o od taibiy labgy ital fo bbtaln y vy) {NIT Sy tan é r Pale ub Joel ond fos OP, | [Bred] Ohenvily stwied , pho 0 Jeeaiomn duly on qd nga CHamond I td com) d ieg ul Aru lie , © renal ah @ Joiliteule impor} 6) vo _cbiomong) @ tnatrunt tn Abill olen @ (ovilitoxe tveharge with india expeug., © ‘tneveasingly oolopt ePC % ispianeee ord mh. Creating obs in Serie techs fit tnaluaion ke seer Jf Hep s ween compeb'hon An mote i Heid fate A eee hioy re ba fowrtal ie © fowulsm, Cuthun.,,glf Power @ Visox_ ~~ 7 ewsa- ~g00d Akep ae = tawaww 1 and abbart. opp \ Amel Confrence Visas (wD) ya —> duclop E beaah deatinalm as \_ toudlinn gob ow Rerition ce aoney 19- ‘SBA J Plondulor docile ol te > NiN3 yeou ) pt gf © skill dev: ~ACdlitoked uni br sbill tk iy AR? * OPdale api MS OE (4) Cou: towne + en ae Ove, all rd oid AO ower = etttwal Couden acoee b ‘cod Be HADR + weit in RE mactetvg (enable ances ome. Ar pene”: eae hienal Fandibraliz Prolucey O Reat_Estalk = to) acrers finance oe oe te Gincenhvea Aeobr: ty HEC © trode, invertmowt > incenbves I attra ly ah (i FD indo cout”, ead awit 2 Infed dude | fovaismy SECTOR. | DO low awounur about & Vig cal ® inf olifetenees ke ined iobe © ly pel has @ lack 44 Treunedl towam bofosienad} 6 HbleLa, resorts eke a pu cosh mow thon ter — nohi ® Improve flint connecknty ® promok, “rity culling, tuum by mend NWO: han goble. Diba | aie. ike a Cootal : ; e Comect local ly to fouAlem, © upgrads. Aeills~ aor worker make them more b ople a Wy reephi @ Conleoms of Excellence 4 aolaalup in tou Acer ® lounch promohenas Campalaras ia Aboh dounher ® Creak common paver to nslt muh huttoge arite.(@) Recousi cls ~dyfoushil Wyo! Ie INDIR @E pricing : [ws RE $3 “AeA ms. ~ oybibub “uor 9 export i 6B m ree gy. X QdP, T ny employ meut tow Lech. oe start L0yr- _ a h mds Neos tok of ail xa ere ae vl ee Indus gow () promole we ¢ Unique ae Idowihien qe ars.y, aye) Hosinon) yd A Asegrseentmnmnnateyy 11 SOON Y bp n. eolleboret” with bip_ Cow ave, YY Creahven of digo. public, tyra, to reduce \oan sheraking Cos t8 © cw 4 ge taal BRAG} © sy prod for towat”, nudiahen , ul cobras us ‘S New difiwihian > invtatment limt inercaned 9 toddibonak entua of turnove |g eo dit Fehon bly ma \ y heanees } : “e remocd , O ay. ht May eae outpud, U3% Of ofl expo « @ Empl. » ler .4 peels 1 laa/no sbi) k A pirat Alp | migrants taining yo an ae Ame ue Inelusivs ruolh = rund bee ble fer a ect acy poh Bo 7 CUSY unit en azel oven) ® Combating i losin & ‘noma a © — promot, tnnvo ban o Aacill Indus bro, fr dante scale induistte, : O lobour ee ere nate morn [ower _3trevh sy. MSM E> funal Ame Pe ond abs pair, Ineluai through Mod Pie. “lho us "Taba iy/ a ot dipiaen Om et peop, SC, ST womone wu, oat a ae acess hendit br ican ol groupe, 4 6) curs _Avmi/ low slalled world i fudue. emp ° SME prov'dn, Choouper, affor iat b hig oe SME. holp in dwelopi 1% aulitie, power ete in rumal / Avra urbon aaron. _ 0 Access to ciedi-4 most banks be ee rs a Jlock.of collaltral, @ id ee d © obseluk, kehrology | Cy Imorkd_ eet: 2 less accers % mouteds becouse thanir adverbserwut anal oles promoh'on are Com ea thon MNCs. eee we (3) lejol , Envy oben 1 @) ~ Tow ‘ov skilkd monbontee ee ‘ module im back export eb Hiveran 6! at cee fo modeuals ea @ low pnduety G PR rehoked issu @ low ctw T 2 (B Quod Usunanee/ oop) ita, Credit Guarantee trust nd by Ms @é. (WG $9 min portal for ee ap preva] loan upto Ler. OG _ineatt Aubrenhon hr olf isk HSM. ~ @@ud neatly ounched , © Min Nirbhay Bhonaf+ 3L¢r - OX fie doans br NeMed. Mon NS reevabla ¢- eee Tystera( PRep)-» bh faulitake Be, a trode are vabl ey Dal to improve.“a aceexcibi cote Sly bard ale lor of rc eat) | waround : oh i ead eeahohes br NgMes Ps t Sabordlvalt, aby ¢ eeahon pend | ee spon Cony *hrough mule mance ‘ (g) Performance and credit 17 Chen Beenkance credit wo rthidey _ (mt PS E> compulson| ProeCUML. avy, p fotal purchare, thi aM NOME, | feu ioe “ah (DG gowrnment- & ba ~S : % Fy a ns Mista they p Dp enHance ” rene value chain of MSNE, (I) Manicet qusifanee chem, thous h*Mat” sinall.Indiatny (2 Credit” link capital Subordinale dubl for Atrensed. SMES (20000 er) ar tamity ® bgasion ie HSMEe ahve (0 teer) ® Global. fendey disallowol upt Deg Bs 200 Crore ® lwuut subvartion or MudeA- shihw Loar © Collateral pre ler Leow TEN ERASTRUCTURE CTbanic Aeneas without diohih ind achinihy can ee ~~ = dele gyi le Austeunable rrearlieut ti = Indio morsia undler-tnies in infra Under -inveartree a /4 S Natenal [natn md a bs prowtle GprPel yettued, ed. © Infrashuctuse Imestread trusts , Read Eatale Inestment tush > ad need te acceler, the pve i a indo iafra,, armala 3 accelerahly pos-leol dew. | aa a tile 9 } Numbai- ie Harbour Ink p Seu Bharotam pit} itty NHS free of rail cross. 2 wae “ d UDAAN 1 AM RUT [Rorpionss | ! os eg ey / la Niel & Rural road + For NHs4 24 & Indias road derath hn igher han Ub than US, Chingy ‘Tepan India’s Pc cae oot Om a oe “feat

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