3.

2 Logic Elements
Logic element is a small part of a digital logic circuit, typically a logic gate. Logic elements
can be represented by operators in symbolic logic.
Logic elements are the small electronic subsystems that perform the logic decisions of NOT,
AND, OR, and so on, which are incorporated inside any piece of digital electronic equipment.

The simplest unit of an electronic computer; performs a single specific logical operation on
input signals according to the rules of the algebra of logic. Discrete values of the input and
output signals are taken for the logic element, independent of their physical realization. There
are usually two levels, which are conventionally taken as “0” and “1.” A distinction is made
between combined logic elements, whose output signals at a certain moment are determined
by combinations of the input signals operating at that moment, and storage (memory) or
delay elements, for which the output signals are determined by the state of the logic element
when the next signal is transmitted.

Among the combined logic elements are the inverter (NOT element), the coincidence gate
(conjunctor, or AND element), and the disjunctor (OR element), which is a logic element
with several inputs and a single output at which a signal appears when a signal is present on
at least one of the inputs. Logic elements made from combinations of elements, such as the
NOT AND (NAND) and the NOT OR (NOR) elements, are widely used.

Logic elements are the fundamental elements for constructing logic circuits in computers and
discrete automatic systems. A set of logic elements makes up the logical structure of a unit,
subassembly, or device of the computer. The set of logic elements consisting of the AND,
OR, and NOT elements, by means of which a logic design of any complexity may be
constructed, is called functionally complete. There is a trend toward the creation of universal
logic elements, which can execute a number of logic functions.
Some other logic gates derived from basic logic gates: NAND, NOR, X-OR, X-NOR