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A3. This question is about the Doppler effect.

gm
A stationary loudspeaker emits sound of frequency of 1000 Hz. Nadine attaches the

ai
loudspeaker to a string. She moves the loudspeaker in a horizontal circle above her head at

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a speed of 30 m s–1. The speed of sound in air is 330 m s–1.

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An observer is standing well away from Nadine.

(a) Explain why the sound heard by the observer changes regularly. [3]

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(b) Determine the maximum frequency of the sound heard by the observer. [3]

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2209-6518
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Option A — Sight and wave phenomena

gm
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A1. (a) yellow; [1]

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(b) the eye responds to the frequency (or energy per photon) of the light;
the frequency is unchanged by changes in refractive index; [2]

A2. (a) (i) ; [1]

(ii)
;
[1]

v
(b) f ;
O
to give f 120Hz ; [2]

§ 330 ·
(c) O 4L ¨ ¸;
© 120 ¹
L 0.69m ; [2]

A3. (a) when source is moving towards the observer the wavefronts are compressed/
frequency is increased;
(when source is moving away) the wavefronts are expanded / frequency is decreased;
(this repeats so) a continuous rise and fall in pitch/frequency is heard; [3]

(b) the maximum frequency occurs when the speaker is approaching the observer;
1000 u 330
f ;
330  30
1100Hz ; [3]

A4. (a) all possible polarization directions are equally represented / where the direction of
polarization is random; [1]

(b) 0.50 W m 2 ;
 I v cos T  average value is
2 1
2 ; [2]

­ Accept a diagram for this

(c) polarizer and analyser separated by sugar solution; ®
¯ marking point.
measure angle / rotation of plane of polarization;
concentration proportional to angle; [2 max]