Agricultural Productivity:

 It means the varying relationship between the agricultural output and one
of the major agricultural inputs such as land.
 It represents the average yield per hectare of land.
 All the initiatives relating to agricultural productivity have led to:

(a) A steady increase in areas under cultivation;

(b) A steady rise in agricultural productivity; and

(c) A rising trend in agricultural production.

 It shows the relationship between inputs and output.

 The agricultural productivity can be classified into the following two
categories
(A) Agricultural Productivity per worker.

(B) Agricultural Productivity per hectare.

A. Agricultural Productivity per Worker:

 In India, the productivity per worker is low as compared to some developed
countries.
 It differs from one state to other.
 In India per worker productivity forms 1/23 of that of U.S.A. and
Japan and 1/21 of that in U.K.
 The low level of per-worker productivity is an indicator of backward
agriculture.

B. Agricultural Productivity per Hectare:

 It is a measurement of the amount of agricultural production harvested per unit of land area.

International Comparison of Productivity:

No doubt per hectare productivity in India has increased after the introduction of
economic planning. But, if we compare it with developed countries it seems to be
very low.
Agricultural Production in India:
 Agricultural production in India can be broadly classified into food crops
and commercial crops.

 In India the major food crops include rice, wheat, pulses, coarse cereals etc.

 Similarly, the commercial crops or non-food crops include raw cotton, tea,
coffee, raw jute, sugarcane, oil seeds etc.

Trends in Agricultural Production in India:

(i) In India, total agricultural production has been increasing with the
combined effect of growth in total cultivated areas and increases in the
average yield per hectare of the various crops.
(ii) In the pre-green revolution period, the growth of output has mainly
contributed by the growth or expansion in area.

(iii) In the post-green revolution period, improvement in agricultural

productivity arising from the adoption of modern technique.

(iv) In-spite of adopting modern technology, the growth rate in output,

excepting wheat could not maintain a steady level.

(v) The growth rate in output of oil seeds, pulses and coarse food grains
declined substantially in the second period as the cultivation of these
crops have been shifted to inferior lands.

(vi) Although agricultural production attained a substantial increase since

independence but these production trends have been subjected to
continuous fluctuations mainly due to variation of monsoons and
other natural factors.