present Simple: pronunciation Present continuous: form _ a n mi. ‘i Hl Present continuo neaning Atticg nee Which end in /ay, /ae/, Is, ahv, Fahy and /is/ make an extrassyllable in the + rd person, pronounced /iz/. > watches, yfiged gelanes : After It /kJ, ipl, /v, third person sound is /s/. its ns) Other third person /s/ are pronounced as /z/. sees Ista! Does is normally pronounced /dxz/ The present continuous'is formed with the auxiliary. verb be and Ute form of the main verb. Tam relaxing. You are relaxing. We are retaxing. They are relaxing ing. He/She is relaxing. ™_ Spelling problems 7 Verbs ending -e drop the -e when they add -ing like liking decide deciding write writing ‘Verbs with one syllable, ending in one vowel and one con: consonant when they add -ing. sit sitting swim swimming dig digging Verbs ending -ie change -ie t -y lie lying — tie tying die dying. P e sonant, double the = Contractions . In speech and informal writing, the verb be is contracted: Im writing. You're writing He's/She's writing. We're writing. They’re writing. m Questions Yes/No questions are formed by. inverting the subject a1 Ami I writing? Are you writing? Is he/she writing? ind the auxiliary be. Are they writing? Are we writing? Wh- questions follow the same pattern What are you writing? Why are we writing? m_ Negatives ee Negatives are formed with the verb be + not. This is contracted in speech ai informal writing, I’m not writing. He's not writing, They're not writing. a’ We use the present continuous to describe: ‘ | Actions in progress at the present moment. . Sorry, L-can’t speak to you, I’m washing my hair. Actions happening ‘around now’, even though not at the moment of speaking I'm reading The Lord of the Rings. The present continuous also has some future meanings. - eO{ | 1 j 1 Practice [Underline the correct phrase in each sentence. 2) What time go you/do you go to bed on Saturdays? + >) Why are you waiting/do you waiting outside the door? ©) Don't ask Tim. He doesn’t know/nat knows the answer. 4) Thaving/t'm having my lunch at the moment. ©) When you leave/do you leave the house in the morning? f) I don't understand. What is happenitigyis happen? 8) “Excuse me, does you know/do you know the time? h) This is a great party. I’m having/Am I having a lovely time. Read the answers and then complete the questions.» a) Where .40¢t, Sue. live? Sue? She lives at the end of Axwell Road. b) Do as ee ee Jim? No, I don’t know him. ©) What ... At the shoment? I'm doing my homework. @) Are Here? No, I'm sitting over there. e) Do Here? No, we change trains at the next station. ), Why... 'm wearing two pullovers because | feel cold! Rewrite each sentence so that the verb in itl a negative contraction, 2) Naomi and Bill are watching television, Naami. and Bill aren't watching teleyisin b) Peter likes chocolate cake. ©) I'm using this pencil at the:moment, @) Th children are having lunch in the kitchen ©) | get up early on Saturday, A) Blena is writing 3 novelby What time the sun rise ©) What you read 4) Sorry, 1 can’t talk » Thave 6). We vanes not watch videos #) Look out of the wins dow! itsnow 1) This is an examination! WAY o- you talk bh) Ann vse ___ to school by bus every day. go i) a uniform at your school? you wear ; a acne eee jp Pat has got an interesting ROBBY: er she build Choose the correct spelling from each pair of words. a) @aitinpyitting b) diging/digging . ) takeing/taking, i d) deciding/decideing 3 a ¢) swiming/swimming f) having/haveing 5) lying/lieing h) readding/reading i) using/useing i) waiting/waicting ) washeing/washing 1) tiding/ideing m) flyeing/flying “ny: studing/studying : 0) going/goeingSACs Explanations : ce Frequency adverbs are often used with the present simple. They éxpizin how oe es often-someone does an action, or something happens. 4 ee aways veved ——Lalways getup at 7.00 often Vile Pat often goes to football matches. : usually Wie It usually rains when I go on holiday! sometimes VV We sometimes eat pizza for lunch. rarely ‘ Jane rarely listens to jazz. never “ ‘My bus never arrives on time, m Note in the above examples that the frequency adverb comes before the verb. With the verb be the adverb comes after . jim is usually tate % Other frequency adverbs are: frequently (//¥¥), normally (77), occasionally (44), seldom (¥), hardly ever (7). State verbs and ™ A state is when something stays the same. An action is when Something. action verbs + happens. State verbs are not usually used in any continuous form. Tknow what you mean. . (NOT Fam-knowing-itet youre meaning ) Examples of state verbs are: a senses: appear, hear, look like, see, taste = feeling: like, hate, love, prefer, want, wish m= thinking: agree, believe, forget, know, think, understand Possession: belong to, contain, have, own being: be, exist other: cost, depend on, mean, need m Some of the verbs in the previous list can have a ‘state! meaning and an ; ‘action’ meaning, Examples include be, have, taste, think Thaive two sister (permanent state) FY I'm having problems with-this computer (semporary action) Sometimes state verbs can describe temporary How are you getting on at your new school? Jhate/t’m hating it! : { feelings,INTERMEDIATE: TANEUACE pmactice * Present simple or Compare: continuo us? peers permanent habits and routines facts that are always true ‘general situations temporary Jn progress now events happening at the moment a particular situation (afl the time) - I live in Budapest. (for a few montis) I'm living in Budapest. This plane lands in Frankfurt. (routine) We're landing. (in progress now) a The present continuous can be used to describe a fixed future arrangement. ‘There is usually a future time expression. i Paiil ts leaving early tomorrow morning. My parents are buyinig me a mountain bike for my birthday. rangements. Present continuous: future meanings This usage is common when we describe social ar ‘Are you doing anything on Saturday? We're going skating: um feel Other problems mE ‘There is almost no difference of meaning between the simple and ger continuous feel awful! I’m feeling awful! How do you feel now? How are you feeling now? m_ Present continuous or present perfect continuous? ‘Sue is staying with Jill. (in progress now, and will continue) Sue has been staying with Jill since March. (in progréss up to now, and may of may not continue) a Present continuous with always We can use always with the present continuous when we are exaggerating or complaining. We emphasize always in speech in this case. You're always forgetting your keys! u Present simple in narratives In speech we can use the present simple to make a story or joke appear more immediate and interesting, even though the events were in the past: This is also used in written summaries such as plots of television series. A man walks into a bar and asks for a glass of water. The barman says ‘The story so far: Michael meets Susan in the library and tells her about the missing earrings.Underline the correct sentence for each situation, 9) You want to invite a friend to your party on Friday. You say 1 Thave a party on Friday. Do you want to come? 2 Lmhaving a party on Friday. Do you want to come? ) You find a wallet on your desk and ask the people nearby: + 1 Who does this wallet belong to? 2 Who Is this wallet belonging to? ©) A friend invites you to a snack bar at lunch time. You say: 1 Thanks, but I always go home. 2 Thanis, but I'm always going home i @). A friend opens the door and says; What are you doing? You reply: 1 I work as a secretary. 2. I'm tepairing the computer. @) You haven't decided yet about buying a new bike. You say: 1] think about it 2 I'm thinking about it, 8) A friend asks: Do you like lemion tea? You reply: 1 I prefer tea with mille . 2. I'm preferring tea with milk &) A friend asks you if you have finished the book she lent you. You say: 1 Sorry, I-still read it 2 Sorry, I'm still readirig it f) Iv's.a hot day, but a friend has a heavy coat on. You ask 1 Why do you wear.a heavy coat? 2’ Why are you wearing a heavy coat? Underline the correct word or phrase in cach sentence. a) That can’t be right! Ldon’t believe/' b) Caroline can’t swim today. She has/is h ©) See you in the morning. | leave/t’m leaving now. d) What do you do/are you doing? If you drop it, it will explodet e) Stop doing that, Billl You're/You're being very silly. £) I drive/l’m driving! You can sit in the back with Martin ) Winat do we eat/are we eating this evening? I'm really hungry! h) You're a great cook! This cake tastes/s tasting wonderful ; |) Where do you go/are you going? 1 haven't finished.speaking to you! 1) Chemisty is hard. 1 don't understand/'m not understandingmagi NYA (they ;speak) mam meena 1 OF Put each verb in brackets into the present simple or present continuous, a)’ Ugh, don’t show me that picture! | (hate) ..... Hage. : ' mice! b) Who (you, xo) ssrnimnetatapecives (0 the match on Saturday with? + ©) In the winter, what (you, wear) .. ? d) I can’t starid horror films. 1 (think)... they're silly! ext to Ellen, ri 1) Why (YoU, 100k at) sssfsegeeenen me like that? g) Excuse me. (this bus, stop) .... hy (not take) ¢) Diana (not, usually, sit) outside the station? the bus'to school today. Match each sentence (a-h) with a suitable response (1-8). a) What do you usually do on your birthday? ....1 b)-Would you like to meet again on Saturday? ¢) What do you usually do when there is an earthquake? ) Have you finished your homework? ©) What are you doing? £) What are you doirig’on Friday? ........+ 7 8) Are you in the school basketball’ feam? h) What do you do? 1 Thave a party. 4 2 lie under the'table. ¢ 3 work in a travel agency. ‘gy, 4 Yes, we play every Friday. 4 S_ I'm still doing it z 6 It’s hot in here. I’m opening some windows. ¢, 7» I'm going back to Canada tomorrow. b 8 I'm having a party. & Put each verb in brackets into the present simple or present continuous, a) What (usually, you, do) .a..yvau.usually..do, at the weekend? b) Don’t worry about the cat. It (only eat) once a day, ©), 1 can‘t work out the answer’ (you, know) 4) What's the matter? Why (you, stare) .. ©) (you, speak)... what it is? at me like that? zy English? I'm looking for a hotel ') Elena (stay) - with me while her house is being decorated 8) You should go on a diet. (you, put) ita on weight. French or German? | can’t tell the SG difference:Explanations Past simple: form Past time 1 & Regular verbs tet ian Past simple regular verbs addled to the bare infinitive, Verbs ending in simply add -d. ; Tenjoyed the film. I loved the inusic. " Alllpetsons have the same form. ™ Spelling’ problems ; Verbs ending in-consonant + -y change -y to -ie, ty tried cry cried. | * 7 a + Verbs eliding with one vowel and one eonsonarit double the final consu regret regretted fit fitted ® Irregular verbs The-most comm learn these form: eat ate sy ary wake woke On itregular verbs are listed on page 277. It ig neces : : drink drank ™ Questions Questions are formed with did and the bs Did you enjoy the film? What did you do yesterday? are infinitive Did you drink ail the mitk2 Why did she leave? ® Negatives ‘al actions in the past. ‘ach,|e The past continuous is foriued wih th sing form of the main verb. “Twas sitting’ by the doe! We were crying. You were laughing. They were eating. Questions _ ‘ f .% sein questions are cormed by inverting the subject and the sxilany be. 2 Were you waiting? Was I sleepit a Were we writing? Were they leaving? Whe questions follow the same pattern. a What were you writing? Why were they waiting? Was he/she driving? a Negatives 4 Negatives are be + not. This is contracted in speech and infofmal writing. f ; Twvasn't listening. He wasn’t playing. They weren't looking. describe a’situ sudden event in the past simple. formed with the verb auxiliary verb tation in progress in the past. The past continuous is used to This is often contrasted with a st past continuous: weaning ri i Sudden event Twas having my lunch when Ruth phoned. = While I was waiting for the bus, I met Karen. ‘The past continuous can be used to describe several situations 18 progress, happening at the same time, While James was cooking, The airport was full of people. Some were “shopping, others were reading. Everyone was wai : plane. David was phoning a friend. sleeping on benches, some were 4 iting for news of the delayed With the past simple ‘Larived here two hours ago/in September/last week/at 6.00. Helen lived in Madrid for three years. ae —y With the past continuous We can use when or while with the past continuous to mean ‘during the time that’ While we were waiting for the train, it started t0 rain, 1 cut my finger when 1 was peeling the potatos. But if we mean ‘at the time that’ then wi e only use when wit Bilt y with the past She was very happy when she got her exam results« aon ii entence." Undentine the correct word or phrase In each #° de ned/umas washing my baie she phone rang/ringed. eeu vy yesterday afternoon? : t i i feel yesterday afternoon? So eee nome I reeves ects & Bocas if creaming. ; © og bithwa £) We sang/sung some songs and then @ 8) When you fell/felt over the cliff, what ‘ yay wwusitins-up, 5 : iy) svluie Mary washed-up/was wsiting issing/miissed the b 3) didn’t see/saw where the bus stop was, so I was missing a te/eat some sandwiches. happened/was happening néxt? ne broke/was breaking 3 cap, ere was no reply. Rewrite each sentence according to the instructions given. ; : a) Lenjoyed the concett. (negative) did) b) You ate all the bread. (question) © Did John spend a lot? (affirmative)... “d) 1 felt well yesterday. (negative) ©) Anna didn't buy a car. (affirmative) ) They won the prize. (question) 8) Paul doesn’t speak Greek. (affirmative) a yaa all the bills. (negative) Complete each sentence with a suitable time expression from the box. use an expression more than once. You cz A burglar broke into the house ...,.Whtile. b) [met an old friend of mine ©) What were you doing 4) Jan met Sarah ... +e) ee we were watching televi in the city centre ~ the police officer knocked on the 49 half-past eight outside the cinema. .. Dick was Preparing lunch, he cut his finger badly. A) 1 first.came to this town more than twenty years 8) Jeff was studying to be adoctor .... h) Tony bought his first motorbike .... ~. 1992. ) + did you start playing basketball? ]) Most of the young peop re Tete this vittages tong: : 4 he met Sally.TIATE TANG URGE Pa rable response Renee Match each sentence (a-h) with 2 sul cs a) Whar was Katrina doing when YOU knocked on the door? ... + saa E yow ala mrendaspend ner holiday? ois aes ©) What happened when the lights went OU? oni +d) When did'you meet Cathy? «= €) What did Jui de when Tony called? so ihe . ) Did Suzannah hear what David sald? « ae . ) What did Lucy do when the bell ran8 4 h) Why did Alicia leave so early? ne » , and sunbathed at the beach. 7 the end of thé lesson? 1 She went sailing most days 2 She put the phone down. 3. She was listening to the radi 4° She went'to meet her patents at a restaurant. § She came to my brother's birthday party. 6 7: 8 jo in the kitchen. While Tina was iooking for a torch, they came back on. he wasn't listening. @ put her books away and left ae @) \/ each verb in brackets into either the past simple oF past continuous. * GNIKE AP. cnnines 1 WE (KEM) » 's a) When Harry (wake up) . him the news. ) Everyone (wait) .ninssisneresees for the concert to begin when a amessage (arrive) ..: 7 c) Charlotte (want) ‘4 relaxing holiday, so she “to stay on a small island. (choose) ..... i d) When Roberto (study) denna _ in America, his parents i (phone) ... .. him every week. ¥ A @ 1 (find). my pen while I (100K £02) «es! i my bag. Ann (watch) ... : sone @ film on television when Julie (arrive) srs Ss , g) When the lights (go out) .. 1 (lie) in bed reading, F h) When you (go) ren ‘somone 10 the New Chinese restaurant, whatADELA ce Present perfect: form Present perfect: meaning, Explanations m The present perfectis formed with the present tense of the auxiliary verb have and the past participle (third column in verb tables). The past participles of irregular verbs are listed on page 277. T have decided to leave tomorrow. (regular) Shehas written the email to Lucy. (itreguiar) In speech and informal writing these forms are contracte I've decided. She's written. ed to: = Questions and negatives Questions are formed by inverting the subject and have. Negatives are forme with not and contractions are used Have you decided yet? She has not written the email: She hasn't written the email. The present perfect describes past events which are connected to the present, There are a number of different uses: n. Experiences in our life up to now. Have you visited any other countries? Yes, I’ve been to Italy and France. s There is no time expression because we are talking about a whole life experience, not individual events. If we wanted to say when the events . happeried we would use the past simple. m An event in the past that has a result in the present. Helen has broken her pencil. I've hurt my foot. : 4 ‘There is no time expression because when it happened is not important. Ot attention is on the present (Where is the pencil sharpener? / I can’t play football). If we wanted to say when the actions happened we would use the past simple. q = A situation that started in the past and continues until the present T've lived here for ten years. I’ve often seen Jim with his dog in the park. Here there §5 a time expression, describing how long or how often somethi has happened ;GRAMMAR 6 PRESENT Sess A . ESENT PER es = Completion We often use the present perfec completed so tar Prve read a Inindred pages of this b ‘An exact time is not mentioned... 4 when we deseribe how many things are 100K. rime expressions ever, never: Wc use ever and never when we ask or ralk about our experiences in life ‘Have you ever eaten Japanese food? No, I’ve never eaten it. yet, so far and already We use yet in questions and so far (or ‘up to now’), which i ‘Have you finished this book ‘How many pages have you read We use already in positive sentences to descri negative sentences. It has a similar meaning to 's used in questions and positive sentences yet? No, I'm on page 56. : i? I’ve read 56 pages so far. be an action which happened before. When are you going to finish your letter? I've already written it. just ‘We use just when we describe a very recent event. y Cathy has just phoned from the airport. Frequency adverbs: always, often etc Frequency adverbs that are used with the present simp| ‘with the present perfect. He has always loved you. . We.have often visited Spain. le can also be used (a state) (a repeated event) a forand.since for describes the length of a time period. Tom has worked here for three months. since deseribes the point when the time period started. Tom has worked here since July 10th.Practice ofthe le. put each verb into a form of the present perfect simple Have. : .. a headache ever since lunchtime. any Chinese films. ... Mr Grant's bike, a) What's the matter? (you cut) » DB) (have) soon ©) Nadia (never see) 4), Someone (steal) .. Pie e) The passengers are tired because they (not sleep) -. all night. f) I'm afraid we (just break) «soe can Your window. Sorry! 8) David (ot Win) conn une a prize this time, I'm afraid, A) (you ever eat) wees. ceoneen Spanish (yvU? 1's grad! Complete what each speaker says. d) We ..¥e. been married for twenty-five wonderful years! :a). Luis has lived in the city centre AVN oo 1996. wanted # pet goldfish! b) Thanks for the present! I've .. drunk pineapple juice? It's fantastic! .. heard some fantastic news! I’ve passed my,exams! e) Hurry up! Haven't you finished 7 You're so slow! £) Nina has worked in this company su five years. been on a big ship before. It’s an interesting experience! ¢) Have you « d) I've. g) I've h) We're very busy, today. we've sold over a hundred bikes. i) Tye passed this building, but this is the first time I'ye been. inside. 5 read this one. {) Can I havea different book? I've For each question, complete the Second sentence so that it means the same 25 the first, using no more than three words. a) We started working here three years ago. we .ve.. worked, here, for three years. by This is the first time I've been on @ plane. 1 ck on a plane before. ¢) That's strange! My pen isn’t here! ‘That's strange! @) Nicky and Jan aren’t at this school any more this school. disappeared! Nicky and Jan ) T'saw a friend of yours 2 few moments ago. rer cengh lene On yours ) I'm still writing my letters. een eee writing my letters yet. . g) Is this your first visit to South America? Have a to South America before? h) Oh no! My wallet is still in the car, Oh no! 1... ¢ .. my wallet in the car. 1) “Ir’s a long time since we spoke to your sister we i) Js Anni still asleep? aes ta to your sister for & Jong time.Eo ane ith the present perfect of be, ang ws Present perfect The present perfect continuous is formed with the pl continuous: form ing form of the verb. ( = T've been waiting here all morning. i What have you been doing lately? Thaven't been sleeping well recently. Present perfect ™ The present perfect continuous, like the present perfect, describes past even continuous: which are connected to the present. But in the continuous form there meaning of an action or situation in progress, What have you been doing lately? Ive been working a lot. How long have you been living here? Meaning i, ® The present perfect continuoys can emphasize the length of time of the action, I've been waiting here alt morning. T’ve been feeling ill for weeks = The present perfect continuou: scan emphasize that the action is temporal I've been staying in a hotel for the past month. = The present perfect continuou: is can be used for repeated actions, I’ve been phoning her for a lays, but she’s never at home ~TiMe expressions include: all day, all morning, for days, for ages, lately, recently, since, forent perfect or sent perfect tinvous? her problems rereuce between the two lense: ere for two years. vo years. Often there is very little dl I've worked/been working ve lived/been living here [07 ia. We often use the present perfect if Our axention is on the finished! result, but the present perfect continuous if out attention is on the action. ‘Twas mearting to 0 it or ages Vive written ial eral to Jackies i! rve'been writing that email t Jackie and it’s taken an hour! I'm exhausted! any or how much W a If we give details of how m: fe do not use a continuous form. T've written four emails. i ve done a tot of cooking and tleaning this afternoon. a Present simple or present perfect? We use the present simple to describe habits use the present perfect to describe the me ‘until the present. Ilive in Prague. (@ permanent state - I always live there) I've lived in Prague for two years (arrived two years ago and stil live there) or states in the present, but we un Past simple or present perfect? P ‘The past simple describes an event in 2 completed time period. The present. perfect is used for a time period that includes the present. Hived in Prague in the nineties (now I live somewhere else) I've lived in Prague since the nineties. (1 still live there) “The choice of tense often depends on whether our attention is In the past or the present. Thad an umbrella, but J left it on the bus. (the event is distant in my mind) Oh no! I’ve left my umbrella on the bus. (ghe event is present in my mind) a have been antl have gone If we have been to a place, we went there and havenow returned. If we have ‘gone to a place, we went there but have not returned. Melissa has been to China. (and she has come back) Melissa has gone to China, __ (and she is still there)‘evidence in the present situation, for example we can sce something Explanations We can refer to the future in English by usin rn use different forms ani resent tenses, Sometimes.we C2 I ee SRS ANS eer eee em blade urmer- theca ie + Storer” wil a Form The will future is formed with the infinitive without ; 1s won't, Willis usually shortened in speech and informal writing to ‘U. er to, the future in formal situations with I and ry mn English shall is used ~ ‘going to or by using x will, be ns and there is little Future time t to. The negatives of will Some speakers use shall to ref "we. However this use is becoming very rare. In mode! for suggestions only: a Shall I open the window? { i j ] a Meaning 3 We use will to talk generally about future beliefs, opinions, hopes and predictions, There is usually a time expression. We can add perhaps, probably or definitely to show how certain or uncertain we are about our predictions In the next century, most people will probably live in big cities. 7 Perhaps it'll rain tomorrow. United will definitely win tonight. Notice that probably comes aftér will but before won't. Shet probably come with us tonight. ‘She probably won't come with us tonight. be going to = Form ‘The be going to future is formed with the verb be + going + the infinitive. i Jean is going to learn to drive . Tim and Ann are going to travel abroad next year. a Meio x ‘We use going to for plans and intentions. The plan may be in the near fut i or more distant, I'm going to do lots of work this evening. ‘After I finish University I'm going to travel all over Europe by InterRail We also use going to for predictions. We use going to when there is some Look out! Those books are going to fall!Present “a Form eT continuous” Seé Grammar 2 for the form of the present continuous, I'm meeting my mother for lunch at one. a = Meaning ‘ 4 We use the present continuous to talk about things we have arranged to do, In particular social arrangements and appointments, There 1s nearly always a time expression re you doing anything on fot really. Why? Az I’m having a party. Would you like to come? Friday evening? a will or going to? Will and going to are b 1 is possible. I think it's going to/it'll probably rain tomorrow. « However if there is strong evidence in the present situation, then going t0 is Problems oth used for predictions, and on most occasions either q usually used: I think it’s going to rain this afternoon. (ooking up at black clouds in the sky) Be going to ot present continuous? Going to and the present continuous are both used for plans and arrangements, and on most occasions ‘either is possible. ‘I'm going to have/I'm having a party on Friday. However, going to can suggest that the details are not yet finalized ~ it’s still just a plan. Whereas the present continuous can suggest that the arrangement Is more fixed, with a time and a place. Jean is going to have another driving lesson soon. (a plan, with no specific time) Jean is having her driving lesson this afternoon (it’s fixed, in her diary) uw other meanings of will will has other meanings, for example spontaneous decisions that come into our head at the moment of speaking, promises etc. I Js that the phone ringing? I’M answer it. (a spontaneous decision) 1/1 do the best that I can to help you. (a promise) a be With be we use will or going ¢o, not the present continuous. J be back on Friday. 1'm going to be back on Friday. (ehe/seeh 3} Jenny i What a Saaee -to the radio or can turn it off ? (anybody/listen) 8) How is Your English ? better ?(it/eet) 2 student at university. Isn't she ? FXERCISE 3 : Put the verb into the correct form. Sometimes you need the negative. | i'm tired... enininmnninnenneat® bed now. Goodnight | (go) 2) We Can}g0 Out NOW. IE eencnsnen oo eee ny more. (rain) 3) How is Your new job ? Not so good at the moment. |... 4) Catherine phoned me last nj ight. She is on holiday in France. She.... wave) so this week just started evening classes. she .it very much, (enjoy) doesn’t want to come back. (he a great 5) want tb lose some weight, 6) areca 7) 1 think lunch. (eat) German, (learn) PPul and Ann have had an argument. They ‘to each other. (speak): ‘orm, Present continuous or present simple. aan “NOW. (not/rain) EXERCISE f : Put the verb in the correct f 1) Let's golout. tt. 2) Julia is Yery good at languages. She . 3) Hurry up | Everybody ea 5) cae 6) The river Nite. 7) Look at the river. It 8} We usuply four languages, very well. (speak) fOr You, (wait) ~-t0 the radio ? No, -to the radio ever You can tum it o Y day ? No, just 0 fe Mediterranean, can “Very fast today — Much faster than usual: | ae Vegetables in our any. (not/grow) 'm Our garden but this year we ff. (you/listen) ccasionally. (you/li (flow) into th 9) Hew is your English ? Not bad. tt... 10) Ron i London at the moment. He slowly. (improve) ~v~-(Stay) at the Park Hotel, He ) 11) can a stop walking soon 71. 12) Can you drive cap ~-there when he isn London (stay) ‘me, (teach)(finish) work at 5.00, but this week | “until 6,00 to earn a bit more money. (work) 3 ive) in Bristol. They were born there and have never lived _{your parents/live) ? “4 13) Normally | 14) My patents. anywherelelse. Where.. 15) Sonia... she finds 16) What. _ (look) for a place to live. She cvomenonewith her sister until your father/do) ? He is an architect but he _at the moment. (not/work) ilk) THE s{MLE PAST TENSE (regular verbs(ed) ; irregular verbs (no particular ending. They should be studied by heart) | EXERCISE } : Read what Sharon says about a typical working day: | usually get up at 7 o'clock and have a big breakfast. | walk to work, which takes at 8.45, | lever have lunch. finish work at § o'clock «| am always tired when I get home. | usually cook a meal in the evening, | don’t usualy go out goto bed at about 1 o'clock. | always sleep well. .5 me about half an hour. | start work | Yesterday was a typical working day for Sharon. Write what she did or didn’t do yesterday. : | 1) She w- _.at7 o'clock. 2) She .a big breakfast. 3) She .to work. It _uher half an hour to get to work. tyne eee work at 8.45, She take lunch. 5) SRE wane a sonmnwork at 5 o'clock, She « tired when she B al shore, SH seen Bs ‘a meal yesterday evening. 6) She ane .to bed at 11 o'clock. She. _well last night. EXERCISE 2: Complete the passage below with the correct form of these verbs : start, die, write, live, be, svneeetOM 1756 tO _an Austrian musician and composer. H@.in-~ Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart _more than 600 pieces 1791. He of musi sccomposing at, the age of five aNd wvwnmnsuernne only 35 years old when he -n. He EXERCISE 3 : Put one of these verbs In each sentence : sell, drink, spend, throw, win, catch, buy, cost, fall, hur’, teach, play. 1) How did you learn to drive ? My father... me. 2) We couldn't afford to keep our car, so we sietonaihelt C 3) | Was Very thitSty: Iwona the water very quickly. ‘Ay Paut ang Ten -natennis yesterday. Heismuch better thar me, SOE css: easily. 5) Bont/ser pia te down the stairs this morning and sahis leg. 6) Sim ont : the ball to Sue who. it 7) Antavu a lot of money yesterday. She. sone’ OF085 Which ..50,000f. EXERCISE i A friend has just come back from holiday. You ask him about it. Write your questions. 1) (where/go) 2) (go/alone). 3) (food/good) 4) {how lope/stay there) 5) (stay/atia hotel)6) (how/t 7) [the we! 8) (whatye 9) (meet/s EXERCISE, 1) twas 2) The filn| wasn’t very good. 1 3) tknew, 4) was ve 5) The bei 6) Sue wa: 2) We wer 8) twas aj 9) The wit 10) The by 21) | was i 12) twas EXERCISE. 1) Did Her 3) (at 101 4) (at 4.3¢ 5) (at 7.45) 5) (half an| EXERCISE 1) Tom bu} 2) The do 3) We sa 4) Mary fe 5) The tel vel) ither/fine) lo in the evenings) inybody interesting) .. jositive or negative. # Complete the sentences. Put the verb into the correct form, p Jarm, $01 ws Off my coat. (take) it very much. (enjoy) her. (disturb) to bed early. (go) .very well. (sleep) anything. (eat) .at home. (be) jarah was very busy, s0 |... iy tired, so. ‘was very comfortable. |. n't hungry, so she It to Kate's house but she funny situation but nobody, low was open and a bird ..... {tel wasn’t very expensive, it , a hurry, so ard work carrying the bags. They . very much. (cost) ime to phone you. (have) very heavy. (be) + Rewrite the sentences Yesterday evening) . hour ago)... + Use your own’ideas t ‘At his hand when he bell rang while an accident while we , asleep while she .... ‘vision was on but nobody...few weeks ago. They (go) to Madrid. We .. (wait) for our flights, 2)! sues (meet) Tom and Ann at the airport seo (GO) t0 Berlin AMG som (have) a chat while we « yesterday when suddenly a man . (go) quite fast but luckily | { . (not/hit) him. SHE vend (look) the other way. nan (eyele) home (step) ease the road in front of me. snoununee (Manage) to stop in time and .. EXERCISE f : Put the verbs into the correct form, past continuous or Past simple. _ (wait) for me when | sue (ative). _ (you/do) this time Yesterday ? | was asleep. 1) Jane wnt. B) wnat {you/go) out lastnight ? No, | was too tired. vwu{you/drive) when the accident . {happen} .. (see) him, he « 3) anaes 4) How fase te 5) | haven't seen Allan for ages. When I last (try) to find a job in London. 6) 1 annem behind me. Somebody exercise 3 : Put the verbs intd the correct form, past continuous or past simple. ; ‘ Yl. snoueestuenmnane ($@€) Sue in town yesterday but she « a " .. (hear) footsteps {walk) along the street when suddenly | . eh (follow) me. | was frightened and | (start) to run. | o/ THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE (have/has + past participle) EXERCISE 4 : Read the situations and write sentences. Choose one of these verbs : arrive, break, go up, Brow improve, lose. 1) Mike is looking for his key. He can’t find it. He 2) Margaret can’t walk and her leg is in plaster. She E: 3) Maria's English wasn’t very good. Now itis much better. Her English 44) Tim didp’t have a beard last month. Now he has a beard. He 5) This morning, | was expecting a letter. Now | have it. It 6) Last week, the bus fare was 3,000f. Now it is 4,000f. The bus fare EXERCISE: Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form, present perfect or past simple. 1) Where {s your key ? | don’t know. |. 5 : it lose) 21 very tired, so | lay down on the,bed and went to sleep. (be) 3) Mary to Australia for a while but she’s back again now. (go) 4) Where is Ken ? He cout. He will be back in about an hour. (go) 5) | did German at school, but J .. most of it. (forget) 6) | meant{to phone Diane last night Dut I rnuon son (forget). f 7) Look ! there is an ambulance over there. There 8) They et still building the new road. They an accident. (be) it. (not/finish). 9) ls Helen still here ? No, she gs Out, (just/go) 2 ans Jeon me her address but I'm atrald I. It. (give, lose) : ) Where’s my bike ? It. a outside the house. It ma (be, disappear SEEXERCISE 1) Idon’t Know where Amy is. . 2) When 1 3) Your cat 4) George! 5) Mr Clar 6) Moussa| Bisse The film .. 8) My grai 9) I don’t 10) Vie/ THE oo PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE (have/has + been + verb(ing)) EXERCISE 1) The rai 2) We Bien 4) Mary si 5) Ann EXERCISE 2 : What have these people been doing or what hi 1) Ali and They 2) Asmao Asmaou 3) Abdou They 4) Mofor Mofor 5) Alida was reading a book a few hours ago. (read) EXERCISE b : Write a question for each situation, 1) You haye just arrived to meet a friend wi long/you/wait for me ?) 2) A frien Djambout 3) John lo \dfather . now Hagja's husband, 1. F past simple. a + Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form, present perfect oF P: {you/see) him? «. (get) home last night, I. -(go) straight to bed. (be) very tired ang looks very clean. .Ayou/wash) it? (not/be) very well last week. (work) in a bank for 15 years. (live) there all his life. {you/go) to the cinema lst night? Yes, Buti. w(be) awful. .n(die) 30 years ago. | lives in Maroua, He ... (be), ; (never/meet) sonmn(never/met/hln} -lyou/see) the news on television lastnight ? ‘ead the situations and complete the sentences. started two hours ago. t's still raining now. It started wagiting for the z - for two hours, bus 20 minutes ago, We are still “nmennennneane fOF 20 minutes, classes. in started Spanish December." I'm still. learning Spanish - Since December, Y. She's still working there now. job six months ago. She's for six months, red working in Londonion 18 once, began looking for a still looking ‘as been happening ? Use the verb in brackets, ‘amira were in a supermarket, Now they are going back home (shop) was vig eu minutes ayo, Now “fs is going to bed. (watch) nd Sadou were playing tennis when | came, Now they are resting (play) as running a while ago. Now he is taking breakfast am of yours is now living in Djamboutou, van 2) . want to know js tired. You ask: (you/work hard 9) “How tong...” 4) Okala k swatting. Youask: (you/run ?)EXERCISE 4 : Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or py resent (learn) English fortwo years, st continuous, 1) Maria 2) Hello, TOM. law (look) for you all morning. Where have 3) Why afer E {you/look) st me,lke that? Stop (eae : 4) We alwpys go to Kousseri for holidays. We nm coca " - re for years, 5) isann oh holiday this week ? NO, Sh€ xm (work) 6) Sarah avery she. {work) very hard recently, EXERCISE § : Put the verb into the more suitable form, present perfect simple or present perfect ct continu 1) Where have you been ?. 7 ssrineonesneen(you/play) tennis? ntinuous. (break) that window. 2) Look | Somebody. 3) You look tired. . (you/work) hard? 4) eee _(you/ever/work) in a factory ? No, never. : 5) Jane is away on holiday. Where .. vs (she/go) ? 6) My brother is an actor. He . “sunnnue(appear) in several films. 7) sorry tf ate. That's al ight. | wenn -nnans(not/wait) long. 8) Is it stilljraining ? No, it. vee pence wa(Stop). 9) 1. (lose) my address book. . tt _.(you/see) it anywhere ? 10)! (read) the book you lent me, so you can have it back now. Vik/ THE PAST PERFECT TENSE (had + past participle) 1g the words given in brackets. EXERCISE 4 : Read the situations and write sentences Usin 1),You went to Jill's house but he wasn’t there. {he/go/out) ....-. . init tete 2} You weht to your home town after many years. t wasn’t the same 25 before. (It/change/a lot) 5nd nacel the party but “The courant come, (she/arrange/to do something else) 4) twas vary pleased to see Tim again after such along time. (V/not/see/him for five years) ’ 5) orened sue ee oe but she an hungry. (she/just/have/breakfast) the correct form, past perfect or past simple. EXERCISE 2 : Put the verb into 1) Was brahim at the party when you arrived? No, he eS (go) home, 2) felt very tired when I got home, 50 |. (go) straight to bed. 3) The house was very quiet when | got home. Everybody... (G0) to bed. 4) Sorry, In late. The car (break) down on my way here. snansnnen( S20) 3 CAF 5) We were driving along the road when we _.(stop) to see if we could help. (break) down, $0 WA which, IX-+/ THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE (had+been+verb(ing)) Exercise 1/: Read the situations and make sentences from the words in brackets. 1) Iwas very tired when | arrived home. (work / hard all day). : aume boys came into the house . T (They / plzy / football). 3) There was nobody in the room but there was a smell of cigarettes. (Somebody / smoke / in the room) hey had a football and they were both very tired. SeA Exercise 2|: Read the situations and complete the sentences. ide 0 1) We played tennis yesterday. Half an hour after we began playing, it started 12 We _.. when it started to rain. 2) Sarah ght a job ina factory, Five years later the factory closed down: At the timp the factory closed down, Sarah 3) went i 2 coocer tat welt ereheaa began leit after about ten suddenly hegan shouting shouting. | ms for five years. “minutes a man in the audience EXERCISE 3: Put the verb into the most suitable form, past continuous, past perfect or past perfect continuous, 1) We were good friends. We .. unm (kr}ow) each other for a long time: 2) John angi | went for a walk. | had dlificuty | keeping up ‘with him because he 3) Mary wps sitting on the ground, She was out of breath. She 4) When | prrived, everybody was sitting round the table with their mouths full (walk) so .- (run) ; ney eat) 5) When | prrived, everybody was sitting round the table and talking. Their mouths were empty But thelr storm were full. FheYoxnm : . (eat). 6) When | prrived, Yasmine un. (wait) for me. She was rather annoyed with me because | vas late and she : (wait) for a very long time. VilL/ THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS (will+be + verb (ing) AND THE FUTURE PERFECT (will +have+ past participle). ead about Colin. Then you have to tick (v) the sentences which are true. In each group of senten EXERCISE at least one Is true. Colin oes|to work every day. He leaves home at 8 o'clock and arrives at work at about 8.45. He starts work immediatdly and continues until 12.30 when he has lunch (which takes about half an hour). He starts work agaia 1.15 and goes home at exactly 4.30. Every day he follows the same routine and tomorrow will be no exception. | . 1 At7.45, 4.At 12.45 4 4) he will be leaving the house 2 a) he will have lunch b) he will have left the house b) he will be having lunch c) he will Be at home ¢) he will have finished his lunch d) he will be having breakfast ) he will have started his lunch 2, At 8.45, 5. At 4 o'clock a) he will be feaving the hopes a) he will have finished work b) he will have left the house b) he will finish work ¢) he will ave arrived at work ¢) he will be working aj he will fe orriving at work 4) he won't have finished work 3, A915 | 6. At 4.45 ay he will he working q he will leave work he will be wilt start work ¢ leaving work b) he! ‘| ; he will Have started as “i he will have left work ae ing at wor" he will have gine wil He are fave arrived