ARTICLES AND DETERMINERS jetermine’ or indicate whether something Dierrosinen’ are words ikat are sell bare 9 uous ts Specific or particular is being refereed to, Examples: these kitwns, my fiend yy book, man these, my, any and a are determiners) Stoups of words: ® spacious room (6) that room The word spacious describes the room, Ie isan adjective, The word that dow not describe the noun but specifies the room. #8 tO a pardeular room, ZA adjective describes a noun and tells about some special quality or how mai points at a noun and tells which one, Seales that determiners can be of tiny types, for example, articles (2, an, the) SS. Possessives and so on, TYPES OF DE’ ARTICLES Determiners come before nouns and point them out. === + They can be articles, demonstratives, possessives, ARTICLES © Let us discuss the use of articles in detail. There are three types Of afticles, n already know, a and an are called indefinite articles white the i ellen she def used as determiners? * Article ‘a’ is used before singular countable nouns Examples : a river, a book, a joke * Article a is also, used to show a kind, class or species, Example: A deer is a gentle animal. . + Sometimes, article a is used to show rank, profession or community. Examples : a nurse, a teacher, a Christian <-> Eee uantifiers, distributives and intetr atives. winely a, an and the. As we inite article. These articles are leh been With riottant anandArticle ‘an’ is used before singular countable nouns which begin with a vowel sound, Example: an cmbrelia, an egg, an ostrich ha consonant when written but begin with a vowel sound when spoken, We use 2 begin with a vowel sound, Example: an honest man (h’ of the word ‘honest’ is silent here. The word begins with a vowel sound.) we write an before words like hour and honourable, Examples : an hour an honourable man an heir an honorary member an honest gir] an heiress ome words begin with vowels when written but begin with consonant sound when spoken. Ifa word est ch a vowel but with a consonant sound, we use a before it, Examples : 3 European lady (yoo sound) oun g 2 one-Tupee note {w sound) Zy (yoo sound) a union (yoo sound) If certain abbreviations begin with a vowel sound though they have consonants at the beginning, «we write an before them. Examples : a1 MP. (The consonant M is pronounced as ‘em’ and thus begins with a vowel sound, an MA an MLA ‘The article a is often used with particular phrases, Examples : a noise a headache ina hurry 2 stomachache ine loud voice apity a pleasure a pain a nuisance @ Tick (V) the correct options to complete the sentences. 1. He will revum in wf hour, Man Hon is the most ferocious of all animals. w Sheis in Yan burn: i He was w: jing for aah opportunity to start his own busine i Va 5. His son has graduated as a pSSenginees 6. Girish wants to become 2/3 actor. USE OF ARTICLE ‘THE’ We use article ‘the’ — when we refer to a particular person or thing, Examples : (2) Lsaw the house whi h you had de (the house refers to the particular house that was described) (b) I saw the lady who is your neighbour. (the particular lady who is a neighbour is referred t0) with a common name when it represents the whole class Coudova Leaning Series Grammar-7Ex 2 : 5 f ‘ample: The peacock is the national bird of India. Sah ce f uns which are names of tinique things Examples: the Earth the Sun the sky the Moun with supertativ with ni Examples : the wi lest building the youngest singer the greatest star the hottest planes theoldest man _the lowest point Sit Words lke frst, chitd, last. next, only, same Exaniples : the fest row ie taccroom VALUE CORNER Se the third boy * acl ee he same boo! ie ee with the names of ‘The peacock is a beautifull bird. Here ‘the’ ang ‘y are articles. In your opinion, who is more beautifial.a person who does good to _ person who looks good? Give reasons for Tivers. se: and oceans Examples: Examples : the Brahmaputra the Pacific Ocean the Indian Ocean the Red Sea are bees i ee es ranges :the Alps the Himalayas _the Nilgiri Hills ‘a trains, ships, aeropianes : the Shatabdi Express, the British Airways *th holy books and scriprures : the Quran, the Upanishads, the Vedas with newspapers: the Times of India, the Hindustan Times ‘rical monuments and well-known buildings: the Red Fort, the Golconda Fort he directions: the cast, the west with che whole families : the Mehtas, the Guptas with countries : (if the name contains common nouns like the United States of America before an adjective when it represents a class Examples : the rich the underprivileged fore a noun to show a unit of measurement states, Kingdom) the United Kingdom, Examples : (a) Satin cloth is sold by the metre. (b) Milk is sold by the litre. (©) Eggs are sold by the dozen. - before adjectives in the comparative degree Example: The older he grev, the wiser he became Article the is also used with certain groups of words: in the morning to play the guitar on the one hand in the afternoon onthe other hand — on the move Fill in the blanks with a, an or the wherever req 1. She visited 2. Hedhwaye speaie 2G... math. 3. We should always help ..dAe...... needy 4, Rita found 2. Avsenon. OnE-Tupee Coin, Ee. boy she was talking about. a see F in Ye ing Seni 7 42 Condexer Learning Sevies Grammar: : eee ed. a... Safdarjung tomb last month. 5. He saw ..6 ys like to read about sports in. Ha@.... Times of India. 7. He saw .. European, .... 0... German and .....A4.... Indian discussing something important. 8. We bosided ... PA... Lucknow Mail at night 9 TR peacock i8 nx! Ayn Beauntifil bird. 10. My father is ...QA4....... honorary member of the managing committee, good and bad always move in opposite directions. om in the blanks with ‘the’ wherever necessary and wherever it is not required put “ 2_..... United States of America. acter. cack Obama is the president o -Nalmiki’s ‘Ramayan’ has Lord Rama as its central . race. gift to America from France. youngest of the three. . New York Times” is an American newspaper. renowned singer Lata Mangeshkar is coming to our town. “Repetition of ‘THE’ Read the two sentences : (a) The singer and the lyricist were present on the occasion. () The singer and lyricist was present on the occasion. The first sentence where the has been used swice speaks of nwo different persons, one is a sin: other a lyricist. The second sentence suggests the same person who is both a singer and lyri 1. before names of substances and abstrict nouns used in a general sense Examples: (a) Sugar is sweet. (b) Beauty lies in the eyes of the beholder. before most proper nouns such as names of people, names of continents, countries, Examples: (a) India is densely populated. (b) China has progressed well. p 3, before names of meals used in a general sense Examples : (a) Dinner has been served. (b) Breakfast is ready. 4. before languages : English, French Example: Miss Sen teaches English. before names of relations : father, mother, brocher. uncle Example: Father has gone to play golf. 6. when a noun is used ina general sense Example: Cotton is a natural fibre. vw Condoua Leaning Seies Grammar-7 — 43with plural nouns when they denote a class Children f with names of days, months have impressionable minds seasons Monday is the firse working day of the week o mail messages le nouns take the when used in a partiewlar sense = Examples : (a) Where did you keop the sugar { bought yesterday? / The speaker is asking about the particular sugar bought the day before, hence ‘the is used before sugar. {b) The beauty of Cinderella attracted the prince. Here.the sentence talks about tthe beauty of Cinderella in particular, hence, the is used before beauty. Proper nouns can’be used with article the ifwe wanttoattach a special meani gto them. Example: Rajnikanth is the Amitabh Bachchan of the southern film industry: Here, Amitabh Bachchan stands for an actor who is ver * a/am is used when an adjective is used before breakfast, lunch, dinner Example: Jyoti had an early supper so she is feeling hungry. the is used when we specify sy popular, PO POR em tem tm tt Example: The dinner we had at your place was de ee a errr anny Article the is never used with the following phras. to make use of to take partin day by day from head to foot to lose heart by aisles by chance to pay attention to nctaia to be at fault to take interest in by car to take to heart on foo by ise © Use appropriate articles wherever necessary. Put X! wherever they are not required. 1. Ittook almost... hour for us to reach home, 2. Iwas taughe French by 0.2... French lady, Ba - English is my favourite subject. 4. Brother came on his bieycle to meet me at the park, 5. On my way, I met........0h...... European and 6. cece TR ene Patience 18... Qe virtne, 7. Please give me salt from the yellow packet, 8. Tinvited him for dinner. 2“only Indian to have won auth Sg Ae, Nobel Prize in literature. _.. best performer of the year: coxtly place to live in, @ Fill in the blanks with appropriate articles wherever required. 1. Llearnes French in. moon was shining brig There was 20t oss Oh, arin Andaman a icobar Islands iso... 0k. _tnion territory no’ Tast week was interesting, book to read. Crean princess made everyone "DEMONSTRATIVES | Demonstratives are words like this, that, these and those which point out to persons or objects close by or ata distance. Examples: (a) This chair is not polished well. (b) That hill has big rocks and a water 21 @ Tick (/) the correct demonstratives to complete the sentences. 1. Those/These/This book belongs to Jane. My school is beside EN citael these: park — ‘The exhibition of my paintings will be held a those/dilivdhese hall, ye Tam going back to London this/those/these we ‘These/Those/Thae pencil box ismine, ThavThis/Th&e books on the table belong to the wacher yay e THose/Tha/This stars are actually millions of mi s away. 8. He will ake thavith’Se/this documents with him. POSSESSIVES Possessives are possessive adjectives that show someone's possession such as my, hen his, its, their and our. They are also used as determiners. Examples: my book, his water bottle, her bag ©@ Tick () the correct possessive adjectives to complete the sentences, 4. The dog became angry when it lost (i, his) bone. Ramesh spoke about (her, his) new school. Wé are happy because (irs, olf) team has won. fe ‘We should increase (Gr, my) knowledge through reading, Cardeua Learning Series Grammar-7 / 45: 4 3. (My hi cir) sister is at home: an appoineme! Ia tor to seck an appou ae her) doctor & ae f the stadium. 6, nt Tealied up (his, esti e. please re Tlett (my your, et) book at your place. plea sarking zone oF 2 tors should ., his) cars in the park (hein 1 —— _ QUANTIFIERS ber or quantity. Such worg, LQUANTIFIERS | ; mber g Quantifiers are those determiners that tell us something about mu are examples of quantifiers, much, many, a few, most, cardinal numbers (one, two, three) and none Uses of Quan ifiers are used with countable nouns. @ Many and several suggest number and these quantifiers are used wit Examples: many titiers are as follows: pens, several trees a ; ‘ © nouns, G0 Much and little suggest quantity and these are used with uncountable n Examples much h. (i) Some and any uncour ne a little tired uggest both quantity and number. These are used with both countable and ec nouns. Some is generally used in affirmative sentences and any is normally used in Regative sentence Esamples : some advice, some books, any shirt, any idea There is some rice in che pan, Bue there isn’t any curry. Bot some and any can be used some. If we expe w in interrogative sentences. If we ct "no" as an answer, ‘we nor ‘hich one. when or who. Example : He wil Gy) Afews expect “yes” as an answer, we use mally use ‘any’. Any" can also mean that it does not mater I reach here any time today, uiggests quantity and is used with countable nouns, Example : Only a few children continued to play @ Fil in the blanks asin 4 few or two. ‘hen it started to rain. 6 suitable quantifiers from the list : many, several, much, little, some, any, roblem ta locaring your re Seusxal idence, hardwork. Ram manage. people attended the me: experience is required for the job. *é to xcel in his exam, Ri There was snuAed - Stipport for the strik school have reached the finals in the Inter school Dance Competi _DISTRIBUTIVES | Distributives are those determiners that show They include words like either, each and every. neither, Their uses are as follows: @) Each : Ie is used with a singular verb when a limited number of Persons or things are considered eS perpen itindividually with emphasis on the individual Seay + Each player of the Indian team played his best. (i) Every: Itisused with asing gularverb when a large number of persons or thingsare considered individually. Beara: Every student must bring his textbook tomorrow: Gil) Either: Iris used with asingutarverb meaning*anyone of the evo" or'each of Examples: thetwo". @) You can ake either of the books. (any of the pve books) (b)_High-tise buiidings are being builton either side of dhe hiehway. (on both the si (iv) Neither: — Ie is used with a singular verb, meaning ‘not one or the other’, Example: Neither book explains the topic in dewil. ®@ Tick (7) the correct options to complete the sentences. 1. They are giving discount on (either, neither, each, e 2. She does not listen to (citer, neither, each, every) of her parents. 3. You can buy (cither, neither, cach, every) dress since both will look equally good on you 4. Either, Neither, Each, Eyery) dress fits her. 3. Eicher, N 6 7. cs) y) item. ither, Each, Every) bedroom of the house has a bathroom attached to it. (Either, Neither, Exch, Every) player of the winning scam would be awarded. (Either, Neither, Exch, Every) library has French books. The teacher spoke to (cither, neither, &ch, every) child of the class regarding the issue. INTERROGATIVES | Determiners that help ask questions are what, whose, which, how much and how many. They are called interrogatives. iis pitch. monde yet sod 6 7. Plows eel glasses do we need 8. car is parked ac the gate? @ tev) seni correct determiners in these sentences. 1 CTNSZA) Indy in a white sarce is (F¢/ mine) grandmother. 2. (Each / much) student of the class was given a storybook. 3. Did you face (YW// few) problem while coming here? 4. (SXeral / Every) books of class five are written by my uncle. 5. (WYK / Both) pencil box 6. (Ei%e/ Fifth boys of our class are participating in dhe competition 7. (Much / Many) invitees are attending the function 8. (AZany) beggar stood at my doorstep seeki: s lying on my table? g alms.pate N _ Pe ee ye _ - 3 RU agin 5 3 Chaitin, = Ea Aad ; Yelm 2 5 3 T. | Aews etd_hlards j 3 vv id. + - ; 2) nde 2 fwd : z uy) Put de 4 3) Spartow ¥ T é) Meade p He adlece { 2 gah 8) Fiscnshties =) kemoumed i =) | ley