Design and Development of Stair Climbing Trolley for lifting 20 litre

Water Can.

Rohith Ra, Ruthvik Ga, Punith Kanthraja, Raju K Pa, Bharath M Nb

a
Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, JSS Academy of Technical Education, Bengaluru.
Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, JSS Academy of Technical Education, Bengaluru.
b

ABSTRACT
This project is to developing a trolley for transportation purpose of loads over stairs. The
requirement of such a trolley emerges from every day in our general life. Hand trolley are
used for flat ground to lessen the stress of lifting. However, these trolley fails when it comes
to a stair climbing. This project aim is to design the trolley which helps in carrying heavy
loads through stairs with less struggle compared to carrying them tangibly. To reduce the
struggle on the user the several designs was formulated that allows double wheeled trolley to
travel over stairs but it failed. In this project the trolley is made of tri-star frame wheel
through which we can carry the load up and down over the stairs.

keyword: - tri-star wheel frame, stairs, trolley, stair climbing.

INTRODUCTION
The main aim of the project is to design a multifunctional trolley. A trolley as tri-star frame
wheel which enables to lift load over stairs. They are set in a triangular shape. This
concentrates mainly on reducing human beings' efforts. The challenge is to handle the trolley
by shifting upwardly or downwardly on a flight of stairs while carrying the heavy load. And
its job is to reduce the human efforts.

Figure 1: Hand Trolley Figure 2: Stair Climbing Trolley

Types of trolley
There are different types of trolleys exist, and the type of trolley is often chosen based on
what type of material will it move. There some specifically designed trolleys for very small
or large products. In these general loads most double wheeled hand trolley come with
standard sizes. And some of the trolleys are mentioned below.
1. Wheeled Trolley
Wheeled trolley is made up of stainless steel and are used in hand trucks. These are
also used to carry heavy loads. metal wheel trolleys are more lightweight and are
often used to carry light materials
2. Folding Trolley
 This is another type of hand trolley and is made up of aluminum. It is also lightweight
but used to carry heavy loads and can be folded when it is not in use which acquire
less space. This is also used in transportation places where it is needed.
3. Garden Trolley
Garden Trolleys are designed so that they are capable of lifting both dry and marshy
loads. Which are most commonly used in gardens. this trolley tends to have narrow
profile so that they will fit easily on paths and walks without damaging plants.

LITERATURE REVIEW
B. Ravindar et.al.[1] conclusion on the experiment and design fabrication of “DESIGN OF
STAIR CLIMBING TROLLEY” is designed using solid words software for accurate design
using precise dimensions. ANSYS WORKBENCH is used for structural analysis. After the
analysis the design is brought into a product to use in the real world practically. The trolley is
built keeping such kind of mechanism in mind that allows you to carry or transport heavy
loads over stairs with less efforts. The tri stair plate used in the trolley can weigh itself to
climb various heights. It is fixed using the nut-bolt mechanism and also can be adjusted. This
accomplishes the major agenda behind the project, i.e., for transmission of more loads with
less efforts, in less time.
Hardik Gangadia et.al.[2] according to their experiment, the motorized stair climbing trolley
has certain limitations. As long as it doesn’t go beyond the limitations when load is applied
and if this model is fully automated and brought to the real world for practical use with lower
cost. Then, it’ll have acceptance.
M. Subba Reddy et.al.[3] after conducting an experiment “DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF
UNIVERSAL TROLLEY CARRIER WITH STAIR CLIMBING MECHANISM” they
concluded that this trolley can be used safely in all the places, at all time, productively. As
per this model they have used solid works for designing. Which can be customized to any
kind of material as per your requirement (to reduce the material cost). This can be done using
optimization software and also helps in increasing tolerance capacity of the trolley. Overall,
it’s a really great concept for transportation which ultimately reduces human efforts.
P. Jey Praveen Raj et.al.[4] conclusion based on the experiment “DESIGN AND
FABRICATION OF STAIR CLIMBING TROLLEY”. The stair climbing trolley is designed
and fabricated in such a way that makes it easier to carry heavy loads over stairs and also on
the flat surfaces from one place to another which avoids humans from applying lot of efforts.
This proves that it can be used in various places like schools, industries and colleges etc.
For future working purpose, it can be optimized by changing the trolley’s materials to reduce
the weight of the trolley, to increase the stiffness. The output can be more efficient by
changing the transmission mechanism to gear drive. Applying higher capacity battery and
motor, power range to carry load can be customized. The tri star plate could be made to climb
any sort of stairs on its own, as it is fixed by nut and bolt or using another adjustment
mechanism.
Pratik R. Baviskar et.al.[5] based on the study of mechanism, for the given application
Blanco mechanism is convenient and hence chosen for this project. The working of Blanco
mechanism is authenticated. The workmanship is uniformly relevant for smooth and flat
terrain. The operation is stable and safe because during the upward or downward movement
of the carriage, springs observe the shocks which are mounted on the wheels through the
spokes are damped by the frame which tends to prevent the load on it. The objects remain
straight while climbing. The process is monitored by usage of breaks which makes the
process safe and suitable. Due to castor attached to the setup, carriage can be turned left or
right with the help of it. From the analysis of critical loading point the point far away which
the pulling force of the carriage is less than the payload is evaluated. The critical loading
point reveals that the carriage is conveniently structured for heavy loads up to design limit of
(50kg).

Table 1: - comparison of old concept and new concept

OLD CONCEPT NEW CONCEPT

1. In the beginning of the design each 1. In this design concept we attached

single or double wheel are set on either
side and is only capable of moving
vehicle on the surface.
2. The plate which is mounted on base is
not movable
3. It cannot be folded and very difficult
to carry.
4. It required maximum human effort
a set of three wheels on either side of
vehicle rather than single or double
wheel
2. The plate which is arranged on the
base is movable
3. It is thick in size, foldable and
easy to carry.
4. It required minimum human effort

METHODOLOGY
Study of different research paper

Designed the model using Solidworks software

We used 20 liters three water canes as reference for dimension

of the design and also for the calculation part

Analysis of the model has been done by using ANSYS Workbench

Software

For the Specified load the model can be manufactured

MODIFICATION OF STRAIGHT WHEEL TO TRI-STAR FRAME WHEEL

This Tri-star wheel frame is not only capable on flat ground but it as an potential to climb on
stairs robotically. This wheel configuration contains three wheel every wheel is fixed to a
separate shaft. These shafts are positioned and set in an equilateral triangular shape. While
geared on this quasi-planetary style, these set of triangular wheels negotiate many kinds of
terrain. They can also allow to climb over small obstructions across the board of rocks, holes,
and stairs.

Figure 3: Initial design of Roller Based Wheel Arrangement

Figure 4: 3D view of wheel and wheel frame arrangement

Material selection
It is defined as a step in designing any physical object. The main goal of this material
selection is to minimize the cost for meeting product performance goals. Selection of good
material begins with applications, properties, and costs of materials.
1. Trolley Body
Material used - Mild Steel
Mild Steel is the most common form of steel as its price is relatively low and it is also
called as plain-carbon steel. It provides material properties for application which are
acceptable more than iron. Mild Steel as lesser tensile strength which is cheaper and
malleable, increasing the surface hardness can be done by carburizing. Large
quantities of steel are used when it is needed. This materials suits for our trolley as it
is lightweight and can carry heavy loads.

2. Tri-Star Wheel Frame

 An exclusively designed wheel frame carries the wheels together on either side of the
shaft. In the existing design, the single- or double-wheel trolley are waste to climb the
stairs because of the height factor of the stairs. The straight wheel frame design
became complicated and was to be modified with its curved-spherical shape for a
proper drive which creates extra frictional force. This frame provides smooth power
transmission to our stair climbing trolley without any difficulty.

Figure 5: - Tri-Star wheel frame

3. Ball Bearing
A ball bearing helps to maintain a separation between the bearing races which is made
of rolling element. The commonly used material to produce bearing is Chrome Steel.
A ball bearing is a rolling element that make use of balls to hold the partition among
the bearing races. It reduces the friction and support radial and axial loads. This
material is used as it helps to roll the tri-star wheel frame over the stairs.

Figure 6: -Ball Bearing

DESIGN OF TRI-STAR WHEEL FRAME USING SOLIDWORKS

Figure 7:- Front view of Stair Climbing Trolley

 Figure 8:-Side view of Stair Climbing Trolley

Figure 9:-Top view of Stair Climbing Trolley

Isometric view of
Figure 10:-Stair Climbing Trolley
DESIGN OF STAIR CLIMBING TROLLEY AND ANALYSIS OF 20 LITRE WATER
CAN

Figure 11:- Design of Stair Climbing trolley and analysis of 20 litre water can

ANALYSIS USING ANSYS WORKBENCH

Figure 12:-Stair climbing trolley model analysis in ANSYS

 Figure 13:- Meshing of model in ANSYS
No. of Elements: 109769
No. of Nodes: 194700
Min Edge Length: 1.0 mm
Element Shape: Tetrahedral

Figure 14:-Applying fixed support and load for the model in ANSYS
Figure 15:-Red indicates force applied
Blue indicates fixed support

Figure 16:- Von-Mises Stress Results

Min stress = 0 Mpa
Max stress = 1037.4 Mpa
 Figure 17:- Deformation Results
Min = 0 mm
Max = 42.915 mm

DESIGN CALCULATION OF TROLLEY

Stair Climbing trolley is designed to lift a load of maximum 60kg. The hollow shaft
connecting the two tri-star wheels is made of Mild steel and is designed in such a way that it
overcomes the bending stress acting on it. So it will be the simply supported beam.
total weight F=60kg =588.6N

Figure 18:- Calculation of Trolley

Support Reaction: -

∑ F y=0
RA -196.2*3+RB =0
RA +RB =196.2*3 --- (1)
RA= 588.6-294.3
RA=294.3N

∑ MA =0
-196.2*140-196.2*420-196.2*700+RB*840=0
RB =294.3N

Shear force:-

SFA = 294.3N
SFAC = 294.3N
SFC= 294.3-196.2 = 98.1N
SFCD = 98.1N
SFD = 98.1-196.2= -98.1N
SFDE=-98.1N
SFE = -98.1-196.2 = -294.3N
SFEB = -294.3N
SFB = -294.3+294.3 = 0N
Bending Moment: -

BMB =0 =BMD

BME = 294.3*140 = 41202 N/mm or 41.202N/m

BMD = 294.3*420 - 196.2 * 280 = 68796 N/mm or 68.796N/m
BMC = 294.3*700 -196.2*560-196.2*280 = 41202N/mm or 41.202N/m
BMA = 294.3*840 -196.2*700 - 196.2*420 -196.2*140 =0
 Figure 19:-Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagram

CONCLUSION
This project for easy transportation of overwhelming burdens over stairs. Doing preferable
work with minor effort has been the main objective of human beings in any field. Stair
climbing trolley can be used to lift objects like water cane, books, food grains, etc. It can also
move upper level through stairs, or run in very rough or rocky surfaces. Here the man efforts
are reduced and time to lift the load is also reduced. The main effectiveness of the project is
to carry the load with decreased effort.
REFERENCES
[1] B.Ravindar, M.Kiran Kumar, Rajashekar, G.Rajkumar, “Design and fabrication of stair
climbing trolley”, Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR),
September 2018, Volume 5, Issue 9.
[2] Hardik Gangadiaa, Hardik Shuklab, Sanket Patelc, Milan Janid, Rahul Upadhyaye, Ishan
Thakar, “Design and modeling of stair climbing trolley”, Research gate, ISSN: 2320-2122,
Volume 4, 2015
[3] Rajkumar, E., Vivek Kumar, and M. Subba Reddy. "Design and Analysis of Universal
Trolley Carrier with Stair Climbing Mechanism." International Journal of Advanced Trends
in Engineering and Technology (2018): 128-131.
[4] Raj, P. Jey Praveen, et al. "Design and Fabrication of Stair Climbing
Trolley." International Journal of Recent Research in Civil and Mechanical Engineering
(IJRRCME) Vol 2 (2016):
[5] Pratik R. Baviskar, Aniket V. Naik, Ganesh B. Payghan, Abhijit P. Sarkar, and Santosh P.
Joshi (2017), Design, Analysis and Fabrication of Automated Staircase Climbing Load
Carriage, International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, ISSN 2229-5518,
Volume 8, Issue 5, pp: (1434-1440).