Topic 1

CALENDARS
The topic of calendars will be involving finding of day of a given date. Questions will be of
two types primarily
1. With reference date
2. Without reference date
But for both these types of questions we must be familiar with the concept of “ODD DAYS”.

What is ODD Days?

For eg:
7 days = 1 week;
14 days = 2 weeks;
21 days = 3 weeks;
These days make up complete weeks. But,
If it is 9 days then, 9 days = 1 week + 2 days (2 odd days)
If it is 26 days then, 26 days = 3 weeks + 5 days (5 odd days)
If it is 360 days then, 361 days = 51 weeks + 4 days (4 odd days)
The days which do not make a complete week is called as odd days.
The day of a date changes with respect to no of odd days:
For Eg:
1. 15th Aug 1947 was a Friday after 100 days what day will it be?
Answer:
100 days = 14 weeks + 2 days (2 odd days)
Hence 100 days after 15th Aug 1947 will be a
Friday + 2 odd days = Sunday

How to find odd days?

For Eg:
No of odd days for 100 days = Remainder of (100/7) = 2 odd days
(Divide the no of days with 7 and find the remainder)
For Eg:
No of odd days in 500 days = Remainder of (500/7) = 3 odd days
Example problem:
1. If 20th Jan 1950 was a Thursday after 370 days what day will it be?
Solution:
No of odd days for 370 days = Remainder (370/7) = 6 odd days
Hence, Thursday + 6 days = Wednesday.
Therefore, after 370 days the date will be a Wednesday.
Questions:
1. If 30th March 2012 was a Friday after 128 days what day will it be?
2. If 17th Aug 2008 fell on a Sunday after 208 days what day will it be?

Example Problem:
1. If 20th Jan 1950 was a Thursday 15th June 1950 will fall on which day?
Solution:
When such questions are asked find the number of days between them.
20th Jan --> 20th Feb = 31 days
20th Feb --> 20th Mar = 28 days
20th Mar --> 20th Apr = 31 days
20th Apr --> 20th May = 30 days
20th May --> 15th June = 26 days
Total = 146 days
146 days have 6 odd days
Hence 15th June 1950 will fall on Thursday + 6 odd days = Wednesday
Questions:
1. If 30th March 2012 was a Friday then 7th Aug 2012 was on which day?
2. If 17th Aug 2008 fell on a Sunday then 1st Jan 2009 was on which day?
No. of odd days per year:
1 year has 365 days hence converting it to odd days
Remainder (365/7) = 1 odd day
A leap year has 366 days hence converting it to odd days
Remainder (366/7) = 2 odd days
Example Problem:
1. If 19th Jan 2007 was on Friday, after one year what day will it be
Solution:
After one year the date will shift one position because of one odd day
Hence it will 19th Jan 2008 will be a Saturday
2. If 19th March 2007 was on Monday, after one year what day will it be?
Solution:
After one year the date will shift one position because of one odd day but the next year
being a leap year it will shift by 2 days
Hence it will 19th March 2008 will be a Wednesday
NOTE: 1st question’s time period (19th Jan 2007 -19th Jan 2008) do not include leap day
(29th Feb) whereas 2nd question’s time period (19th March 2007-19th March 2008)
includes the leap day. Hence in the 2nd question there is a shift of 2 days
Problems for Practice:
1. If 2nd Feb 2006 is a Tuesday after 2 years what day will it be?
2. 14th April 2007 is a Saturday then 14th April 2005 would have fallen on which day?
No. of odd days per time period:
No of odd days = No of years + No of leap years
Example Problem:
1. If 19th Jan 2007 was on Friday, after 10 years what day will it be
Solution:
19th Jan 2007 after 10 years will be 19th Jan 2017.
Hence total odd days = No. of years + No. of leap years
= 10 + 3 (2008, 2012, 2016)
= 13
Converting in terms of odd days = Remainder (13/7) = 6 odd days
Hence the day will shift by 6 days = Friday + 6 = Thursday
2. If 29th March 2017 was on Wednesday, after 13 years what day will it be
Solution:
29th March 2017 after 13 years will be 29th March 2030
Hence total odd days = No. of years + No. of leap years
= 13 + 3 (2020, 2024, 2028)
= 16
Converting in terms of odd days = Remainder (16/7) = 2 odd days
Hence the day will shift by 6 days = Wednesday + 2 = Friday
Problems for Practice:
1. If 25th Aug 1995 was a Friday after 11 years what day will it be?
2. The year of 2002 started on a Tuesday then the year of 2026 will start on which day?

In case of centuries is asked

1. 100 years => 5 odd days
2. 200 years => 3 odd days
3. 300 years =>1 odd day
4. 400 years => 0 odd days
Example:
1. If 15th August 2021 was a Sunday then after 100 years what day will it be?
Solution:
15th August 2021 + 100 YEARS = 15th August 2121
SUNDAY + 5 odd days = Friday
Similarly, for 200 => + 3 odd days; 300 => + 1 odd day; 400=> 0 odd days
Practice Problems
1. If 18th November 1756 is a Sunday after 200 years what day will it be?
2. If December 8th 1966 was a Thursday after 400 years what day will it be?
In all the previous given cases a reference date was given. Questions that don’t have a
reference date has to be dealt in a different fashion.
But objective of the question is going to be finding odd days and based on no of odd the
following conclusion can be made.
If,
0 odd days -> Sunday 1 odd day -> Monday
2 odd days -> Tuesday 3 odd days -> Wednesday
4 odd days -> Thursday 5 odd days -> Friday
6 odd days -> Saturday
PROCEDURE:
1. Find the no of odd days for the date (1st - 31st)
2. Find the no of odd days for the months (Jan - Dec)
3. Find the no of odd days for the years
Note: If a date is given then the odd days has to found for previous month and previous year
For eg: If 24th October 2018 is asked then no of odd days for days i.e., 24th has to be found,
but no of odd days has to be found for month of September and no of odd days has to be
found for the year 2017
Month Chart
No of odd days = Remainder (No of days of the month/7)
Note: If the given date belongs to a leap year then odd days for February = 1;
If the given date belongs to a normal year then odd days for Feb = 0.
 MONTH NO OF ODD DAYS MONTH NO OF ODD
DAYS DAYS DAYS

JAN 31 3 JUL 31 3

FEB 28/29 0/1 AUG 31 3

MAR 31 3 SEP 30 2

APR 30 2 OCT 31 3

MAY 31 3 NOV 30 2

JUN 30 2 DEC 31 3

Example 1: 3rd of March 2015 was on which day of the week?

Solution:
If 3rd March 2015 is asked, then odd days till Feb and 2014 has to be found
No of odd days for date (3) = Remainder (3/7) = 3
No of odd days for month March = Sum of odd days for previous months
= 3+0 = 3
No of odd days for the year = 2014 = 2000+14
No of odd days for 2000 years = 0
No of odd days for 14 years = No of years + No of leap years
= 14+3 = 17
Total odd days = 3+3+17 = 23 ==> Remainder (23/7) = 2 odd days
Hence the given date is a Tuesday.
Example 2: 23rd of Sep 1994 was on which day of the week?
Solution:
If 23 Sep 1994 is asked, then odd days till Aug and 1993 has to be found
No of odd days for date (23) = Remainder (23/7) = 2 ------> Day
No of odd days for month Aug = Sum of odd days for previous months
= 3+0+3+2+3+2+3+3
= 19 ==> R (19/7) = 5 -------> Month
No of odd days for the year = 1993 = 1600+300+93
No of odd days for 1600+300 years = 0+1 = 1
No of odd days for 93 years = No of years + No of leap year = 93+23 = 116
No of odd days for 1994 = 1+116 = 117 ====> 5 ---------> Year
Total odd days = 2+5+5 = 12 ==> Remainder (12/7) = 5 odd days
Hence the given date is a Friday.
Example 3: 15th Nov 1976 was on which day of the week?
Solution:
If 15 Nov 1976 is asked, then odd days till Oct and 1975 has to be found
No of odd days for date (15) = Remainder (15/7) = 1 ------> Day
No of odd days for month Aug = Sum of odd days for previous months
= 3+1+3+2+3+2+3+3+2+3
= 25 ==> R (24/7) = 4 -------> Month
No of odd days for the year = 1975 = 1600+300+75
No of odd days for 1600+300 years = 0+1 = 1
No of odd days for 75 years = No of years + No of leap year = 75+18 = 93
No of odd days for 1976 = 1+93 = 94 ====> 3 ---------> Year
Total odd days = 1+4+3 = 8 ==> Remainder (8/7) = 1 odd day
Hence the given date is a Monday.