13*/5*/(
7KUHHSDUWWHFKQRORJ\XVH
PDNHVDFKLHYLQJņH[RJUDSKLF
FRORUPDWFKLQJHDVLHU
%\6HDQ7HXņHUWHFKQLFDOJUDSKLFVDGYLVRU+DUSHU&RUSRI$PHULFD
,QWURGXFWLRQ
& RORUPDWFKLQJWUDGLWLRQDOO\KDVEHHQDYHU\H[SHQVLYH
EXWQHFHVVDU\SURFHVVIRUDQ\ņH[RJUDSKLFSULQWHU7KHUH
FHUWDLQO\DUHXQLTXHFRORUDFKLHYHPHQWFKDOOHQJHVLQņH[RJUDSK\
PRVWO\WRGRZLWKFRQWUROOLQJLQNŅOPWKLFNQHVVDQLOR[FHOO
FRQGLWLRQDQGLQNSUHSDUDWLRQWKDWQRRWKHUSULQWGLVFLSOLQHKDV
WRPDQDJH)OH[RJUDSK\DOZD\VKDVEHHQYHU\FRPSHWLWLYHE\
FRPELQLQJSURFHVVHVEXWWKHDJHKDVFRPHZKHUHZDVWHDQG
TXDOLW\DUHWKHRYHUULGLQJIDFWRUVWKDWGHWHUPLQHWKHVXFFHVVRU
IDLOXUHRIDQ\SDUWLFXODURSHUDWLRQ3ULQWEX\HUVKDYHEHFRPH
LQFUHDVLQJO\GHPDQGLQJDVFRORUFRPELQHGZLWKSULQWTXDOLW\
DUHWKHPRVWYLVLEOHDVSHFWVRIDQ\SURGXFW7KHFRPSOH[LW\RI
WKHSURFHVVDQGVRSKLVWLFDWLRQRIWKHSULQWLWVHOIWRDFKLHYHWKHVH
FRORUVGHPDQGVJUHDWHUDWWHQWLRQWRGHWDLOV
0DQ\RIXVKDYHWULHGDQ\QXPEHURIDGYDQFHVRQWKHLURZQ
PHULWVZLWKWKHKRSHWKDWLWZRXOGEHHQRXJKRIDVROXWLRQWR
PDLQWDLQFRPSHWLWLYHQHVVDQGVDYHWKRXVDQGVRIGROODUVLQORVW
WLPHDQGPDWHULDO:KDW,KDYHIRXQGLVWKHQHHGWRFRPELQH
PDQ\RIWKHODWHVWWHFKQRORJLHVLQDV\VWHPLFDSSURDFKLQVWHDG
RIWUHDWLQJHDFKLQGLYLGXDOV\PSWRPRQLWVRZQ:KDWDUH
WKHVHWHFKQRORJLHVWKDWDUHPDNLQJWKHELJJHVWLPSDFWV"6PDUW
GLVSHQVLQJV\VWHPVDGYDQFHGSURRŅQJPHWKRGVDQGPRGHUQ
VWDQGDUGL]DWLRQ$ORQHWKHVHWHFKQRORJLHVZLOOVDYH\RXPRQH\
&RPELQHGWKH\ZLOODPSOLI\WKHEHQHŅW%XWHYHQKDYLQJWKH
),*85(0RGHUQLQNSURRŅQJLQWHJUDWHVVHDPOHVVO\WR\RXULQNZRUNņRZ
ZZZFRQYHUWLQJTXDUWHUO\FRP‡4XDUWHU
WKUHHV\VWHPVFRPELQHGGRHVQRW\LHOGWKHPD[LPXPEHQHŅW
XQOHVV\RXKDYHWKHVHFUHWLQJUHGLHQWWKDWFRQQHFWVWKHP6HQVLEOH
ZRUNņRZVDUHQHHGHGWRPDNHWKRVHWHFKQRORJLHVVXFFHVVIXO
6PDUW'LVSHQVLQJ6\VWHPV
'LVSHQVLQJV\VWHPVKDYHFRPHDORQJZD\LQWKH\HDUVVLQFHWKH\
ŅUVWZHUHLQWURGXFHG7KHGLVSHQVLQJV\VWHP,ŅUVWXVHGVWUXJJOHG
ZLWKŅQHLQNDGGLWLRQVDQGRWKHUJOLWFKHVWKDWDGGHGPRUHZRUN
IRUFOHDQXSVDQGFRUUHFWLRQV,QNVDUHFRPSOH[LQFKDUDFWHU
DQGWKDWPDNHVWKHPGLIŅFXOWWRGLVSHQVHFRUUHFWO\,QNVWHQGWR
FORJWKHV\VWHPLIDOORZHGWRGU\DQGWKHYDOYHVLQWKRVHŅUVW
HGLWLRQVHLWKHUZRXOGVWLFNRSHQRUIDLOWRUHVSRQGXQOLNHWRGD\ģV
GLVSHQVLQJXQLWV,WGLGQģWWDNHEXWDIHZVSLOOVIRUWKRVHRIXV
LQWKHLQNGHSDUWPHQWWRDSSUHFLDWHWKHQHHGWRNHHSWKHYDOYHV
FOHDQ,RIWHQIRXQGP\VHOIZHLJKLQJXSRQO\WKHPRVWEDVLF
FRPSRQHQWVRIWKHIRUPXODDQGWKHQGRLQJDOOWKHŅQHGLVSHQVLQJ
E\PDQXDOO\DGGLQJWRWKHLQNWRŅQLVKWKHEDWFK7KLVPHWKRG
FHUWDLQO\ZRUNHGEXWZDVUDWKHUWLPHFRQVXPLQJ7KRVHK\EULG
GLVSHQVLQJGD\VDUHRYHULQP\HVWLPDWLRQDIWHUZLWQHVVLQJ
WKHWUDQVIRUPDWLRQRIGLVSHQVLQJXQLWVWRWUXO\GHSHQGDEOHDQG
DFFXUDWHV\VWHPV7KHPRVWDGYDQFHGV\VWHPVFDQFODLPZLWK
FRQŅGHQFHYHU\UHŅQHGVRIWZDUHGULYHQGLVSHQVLQJPRGHVWKDW
DOORZDFFXUDFLHVXSWRWKRXVDQGWKVRIDSRXQG
6SHFWURSKRWRPHWHUVVSHFWURGHQVLWRPHWHUVFDQEHLQFRUSRUDWHGLQ
WKHIRUPXODWLRQSURFHVVDOORZLQJ
IRUK\SHUDFFXUDWHIRUPXODV
SURYLGHG\RXSXWWKHJURXQGZRUN
LQWRSURRŅQJ\RXUEDVHV\VWHP
RQWKHDSSURSULDWHVXEVWUDWHV
'LVSHQVLQJXQLWVDUHDJUHDWLGHD
WKDWMXVWNHHSVJHWWLQJEHWWHUWRWKH
SRLQWRIDOORZLQJ\RXWRPDQDJHWKH
HQWLUHLQNLQYHQWRU\
.HHSWKHIROORZLQJLQYHQWRU\
FRQFHSWVLQPLQGZKHQVHWWLQJXS
\RXUGLVSHQVHU
6HWPLQLPXPPD[LPXPYDOXHV
VR\RXGRQģWUXQRXWRIDQ\
FRPSRQHQWVZLWKRXWDIDLUZDUQLQJ
%LQORFDWHLQNVDQGLQFRUSRUDWH
WKLVLQWRWKHV\VWHPVRLQNVDUHQģW
PDGHXQQHFHVVDULO\
8VHZRUNRIILQNVDVSDUWRIWKHIRUPXODWLRQSURJUDPWRJUHDWO\
UHGXFHWKHEXLOGXSLQLQNLQYHQWRU\7KLVPDNHVWKHXVHRIZRUN
RIILQNVDSULRULW\LQWKHIRUPXODWLRQSURFHVV

)RUWXQDWHO\LQPDQ\FDVHVDOODVSHFWVRIDQLQNPDQDJHPHQW
RUIRUPXODWLRQZRUNņRZDUHFRPSOHWHO\GHŅQHGLQWHUQDODQG
LQKHUHQWIRUWKHODWHVWGLVSHQVLQJV\VWHPVWKHRQO\UHTXLUHPHQWLV
DPDLQWHQDQFHSURJUDPWRNHHSXSSXPSLQJV\VWHPFRPSRQHQWV

$GYDQFHG3URRŅQJ0HWKRGV
,QWKHŅHOGWRGD\ZHKDYHVHHQJUHDWDGYDQFHPHQWVLQWKHDELOLW\
WRPLPLFņH[RJUDSKLFLQNWUDQVIHU2EVROHWHDUHWKHROGWZRUROO
SURRŅQJV\VWHPVVRSUHYDOHQWHYHQDIHZ\HDUVDJR7KHSUREOHP
ZLWKWKRVHV\VWHPVZDVFRQWUROOLQJWKHQLSSUHVVXUHDQGWKH
UHVXOWLQJŅOPWKLFNQHVVWUDQVIHUUHGEHFRPLQJWRRGHSHQGHQWRQ
SUHVVXUHDQGSXOOUDWH9DULDWLRQVRIWKHGUDZVXUIDFHDOVRDGGHGD
YDVWHOHPHQWRIXQFHUWDLQW\

0RGHUQSURRŅQJV\VWHPVDUHEODGHGDQGKDYHUHŅQHGPHWHULQJ
V\VWHPVWRPLQLPL]HYDULDELOLW\LQSXOOUDWHDQGWKHV\VWHPVFRPH
ZLWKWKHLURZQGUDZVXUIDFHWRDGGFRQVLVWHQF\VHH)LJXUH
$WWKLVMXQFWXUHLQWKHHYROXWLRQRILQNSURRŅQJWKHUHSOLFDWLRQ
DFXLW\LQPRVWSULQWVKRSHQYLURQPHQWVWKDWXVHWKHODWHVW
WHFKQRORJ\ŅQDOO\KDVDWWDLQHGRQHWRRQHFRUUHODWLRQIRUOLQH
DQGYROXPHIRUQRWRQO\89DQGZDWHUEDVHGņH[RLQNVEXWDOVR
VROYHQWEDVHGDSSOLFDWLRQV5HOLDELOLW\DQGUHSHDWDELOLW\DUHWKH
PHDVXUHPHQWFULWHULDIRUDQ\SURRŅQJPHWKRGDQGWKHFKDWWHU
IUHHUHVXOWVDOORZIRUORQJDQGFRQVLVWHQWSULQWV7RPDNHVXUH
WKDWDV\VWHPOD\VWKHLQNGRZQSUHFLVHO\HYHU\WLPH\RXKDYHWR
JRWKURXJKWKHSURRŅQJSURFHGXUHLQDGHOLEHUDWHDQGUHSHDWDEOH
IDVKLRQ

(VWDEOLVKDZRUNņRZWKDWDOORZVDOOWKHFRPSRQHQWVRIWKH
SURRIHUWRZRUNKDUPRQLRXVO\DQG\RXZLOODFKLHYHWKHGHVLUHG
UHSHDWDEOHUHVXOWVE\WDNLQJWKHIROORZLQJVWHSV
)ROORZ\RXUHVWDEOLVKHGZRUNņRZIRUWKHFUHDWLRQRILQNEHLW
GLVSHQVHGRUPDQXDO
0DNHVXUHWKHLQNLVVWLUUHGWKRURXJKO\DQGVWD\VLQWKDWVWDWH
EHIRUHLQLWLDWLQJDSURRŅQJSURFHGXUH
(VWDEOLVKDPHWKRGIRUFOHDQLQJWKHSURRIHUDIWHUDGUDZVRWKH
SURRIHUDQLOR[LVQRWSOXJJHGLQDGYHUWHQWO\GXULQJWKHFOHDQXS
SURFHVV7REHJLQ\RXZLOOQHHGDFOHDQHUWKDWZRUNVWRHPXOVLI\
WKHZHWLQNGU\LQNUHVLGXH7KHSURFHVVLQYROYHVWZRWUD\V
RQHWUD\RIFOHDQHUIRUWKHGHHSHUFOHDQLQJDQGDVHFRQGWUD\IRU
ULQVLQJ8VHDOLQWIUHHFORWKRUDSKRQHERRNSDJHIRUGU\LQJ
.QRZWKDWWRGD\ģVSURRIHUKDQGOHVFDQEHGLVDVVHPEOHGUDSLGO\
WRDFKLHYHDTXLFNFOHDQLQJRIERWKWKHEODGHDQGSURRIHUZHOO
ZLWKLQVHFVWRDPLQXWHDQGWKHQ\RXDUHUHDG\IRUDQRWKHU
SURRI
5HPHPEHUWKDWWKHSURRIHUDQLOR[HVE\QDWXUHDUHW\SLFDOO\
YROXPHVSHFLŅFPHDQLQJWKHYROXPHLVWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQW
DVSHFWWRFRQVLGHU7KHFHOOFRXQWGRHVDIIHFWWKHGHSRVLW
HIŅFLHQF\WRVRPHGHJUHHEXWZLWKWKHPRGHUQSURRŅQJPHWKRG
RIWHQEHLQJZLWKWKHDQLOR[LQSUHVVWKHHIIHFWLVPLQLPL]HG
FRQWLQXHGRQSDJHX
 13*/5*/(
WFRQWLQXHGIURPSDJH
6WDQGDUGL]DWLRQ3URJUDP
$QLOR[VWDQGDUGL]DWLRQLVVRVLPSOHWRGD\,QFRQMXQFWLRQZLWKWKHWHFKQRORJLFDO
DGYDQFHPHQWVRISURRŅQJDQGGLVSHQVLQJVWDQGDUGL]DWLRQRI\RXUDQLOR[LQYHQWRU\
FDQEHDFKLHYHGZLWKDPLQLPXPQXPEHURIDQLOR[UROOV7\SLFDOUHVXOWVRISULQWVKRSV
WKDWKDYHVXFFHVVIXOO\FRPSOHWHGDVWDQGDUGL]DWLRQSURJUDPKDYHRQHFHOOFRXQWDQG
YROXPHIRUDOOWKHLUOLQHDQGYLJQHWWHZRUNDQGDOVRFDUU\DVXSSO\RIKLJKHUFHOO
FRXQWDQLOR[HVRIDJDLQRQHOLQHDQGYROXPHIRUSURFHVV:K\LVWKLVSRVVLEOH"
$GYDQFHPHQWVLQODVHUWHFKQRORJ\KDYHEURDGHQHGYROXPHUDQJHVIRUDOOOLQHVFUHHQV
ZKLFKLQWKHFDVHRIVROLGYLJQHWWHFRPERVPHDQV\RXQRZFDQJHWWKHGHVLUHG
RUWDUJHWHGFRORUVWUHQJWKZKLOHVXSSRUWLQJŅQHWH[WUHYHUVHDQGGRWVWUXFWXUHV
&RPELQDWLRQDQLOR[HVKDYHUHSODFHGPDQ\VHSDUDWHOLQHDQGYROXPHUROOVWRPLQLPL]H
DQGVLPSOLI\DQLOR[LQYHQWRU\

<RXFDQGHWHUPLQH\RXUQHHGVZLWKDWULHGDQGWUXHEDQGHGUROOWULDO%HFRPHIDPLOLDU
ZLWKWKLVWHVWLQJGHYLFHLI\RXKDYHQģWDOUHDG\,WDOORZV\RXWRGHWHUPLQHWKHULJKW
FRPELQDWLRQRIFHOOFRXQWDQGYROXPHWRPHHWWKHSULQWLQJGHPDQGVUHTXLUHGE\
\RXUFXVWRPHU$VN\RXUDQLOR[VXSSOLHUWRGHVLJQDEDQGHGUROOWRŅW\RXUSDUWLFXODU
QHHGV+DYLQJDWHVWLQJGHYLFHDOORZV\RXWKHIUHHGRPWRWHVWLQNIRUPXODWLRQVEHIRUH
\RXGHFLGHZKDWGLUHFWLRQ\RXZDQWWRJR%DQGHGUROOVDUHDYHU\VPDUWVWHSLQ
HVWDEOLVKLQJFRQWURORYHUWKLVDVSHFWRIFRORUPDWFKLQJ

0DLQWDLQLQJ\RXUVWDQGDUGL]HGLQYHQWRU\FDQEHGRQHHDVLO\ZLWKDQ\QXPEHURI
PHWKRGV$JDLQ\RXZLOOZDQWWRHVWDEOLVKDZRUNņRZVRWKHRXWSXWPHHWV\RXU
H[SHFWDWLRQV(VWDEOLVKDTXLFNRUWKRURXJKV\VWHPRIDQLOR[YHULŅFDWLRQVR\RXZLOO
NQRZIRUVXUHWKHFRQGLWLRQRI\RXUDQLOR[FHOOVDQGWKHHIIHFWLYHQHVVRI\RXUFKRVHQ
DQLOR[FOHDQLQJSURFHVVĥ6LPSOHĦPHDQVWKHXVHRIDEDVLFFHQWHUOLWDQGVKDGRZ
IUHHPLFURVFRSHWRLQVSHFWWKHFHOOVIRUFRQGLWLRQVHH)LJXUH$PRUHWKRURXJK
PHWKRGXVHVDPDQXDOJUDYXUHVFRSHRUDQDXWRPDWHGPHDVXULQJVFRSHWKDWZLOOQRW
RQO\JLYH\RXSLFWXUHVRIFHOOFRQGLWLRQEXWDOVRPHDVXUHPHQWVUHODWHGWRWKHRULJLQDO
VSHFLŅFDWLRQVRIWKHFHOOV
),*85($FHQWHUOLWVFRSHPDNHV
:HRIWHQVHHUROOVFRPLQJIURPSUHVVJHWLQVSHFWHGDQGWKHQLWLVGHFLGHGLIIXUWKHU DQLOR[FHOOLQVSHFWLRQDVLPSOHSURFHVV
FOHDQLQJLVZDUUDQWHG,IVRWKHUROOLVFOHDQHGDQGUHLQVSHFWHGDQGSXWEDFNRXWIRU
XVH0DLQWDLQLQJ\RXUDQLOR[WRROLQJLVUHDOO\VLPSOHDQGEHVWPDQDJHGRXWVLGHWKH
SUHVVDUHD,I\RXUHO\RQ\RXUSUHVVRSHUDWRUVWRGRLWWKDWLVWLPHZDVWHGDWSUHVV DQGDUHVLOLHQWDQLOR[VWDQGDUGL]DWLRQ
%HWWHUWRXVHDQLOR[PDQDJHPHQWDV\RXZRXOGLQNPDQDJHPHQWPHDQLQJEHLQJ SURJUDPDORQJZLWKDVHQVLEOHZRUNņRZ
SUHSDUHGDQGFHUWLŅHGFRPLQJWRSUHVVZKHUHDOOWKHRSHUDWRURUKHOSHUKDVWRGRLV &RPELQHGWKHVHZLOOKHOS\RXDFKLHYHFRORU
LQVWDOOWXQHDQGUXQ%HVXUHWRKDYHDZRUNņRZIRUFOHDQLQJDQGLQVSHFWLQJDQLOR[HV PDWFKLQJJRDOVRIORZHUZDVWHUHGXFHG
DZD\IURPSUHVVVRZKHQDSUREOHPGRHVDULVHLWLVPXFKHDVLHUDQGPLQLPDOO\OHVV SUHVVGRZQWLPHDQGDVPDOOHURYHUDOOLQN
H[SHQVLYHWRWURXEOHVKRRW LQYHQWRU\„

&RQVLGHUIRU\RXUSUHVVHQYLURQPHQWWKHODWHVWWHFKQRORJ\GHYHORSHGVSHFLŅFDOO\WR 6HDQ7HXņHUWHFKQLFDOJUDSKLFVDGYLVRU
DGGUHVVFRORUPDWFKLQJLVVXHVDQGFRPELQHWKRVHLQGLYLGXDOVWUHQJWKVWRPD[LPL]H ZLWK+DUSHU&RUSRI$PHULFD&KDUORWWH
WKHDGYDQWDJHRIFRVWVDYLQJIHDWXUHV$GGXSDOOWKHGRZQWLPHVXEVWUDWHZDVWHLQN 1&KDV\HDUVRIH[SHULHQFHLQWKH
LQYHQWRU\DQGODERU\RXKDYHORVWDQGLWEHFRPHVHDV\WRMXVWLI\WKHWUDQVLWLRQWRWKHVH ņH[RJUDSKLFLQGXVWU\+HLVDFWLYHLQWKH
V\VWHPVDQGHVWDEOLVKFRUUHODWHGZRUNņRZVWRPD[LPL]HŅQLWHSUHVVWLPH&KURQLF )OH[RJUDSKLF7HFKQLFDO$VVQ)7$DVD
VWUXJJOHVLQFRORUDFKLHYHPHQWMXVWDUHQRWDFFHSWDEOHWRGD\7RVWD\FRPSHWLWLYH\RX PHPEHURIWKH6XSSOLHUģV&RXQFLODQG)4&
PXVWVKRUWHQFRORUPDWFKLQJWLPHVDQGUHGXFHFRVWVWRWKHEDUHPLQLPXP +HUHFHQWO\ZDVDZDUGHGWKH)7$
3UHVLGHQWģV$ZDUGIRUKLVZRUNRQWKH)4&
&RQFOXVLRQ 896SLWWLQJ3URMHFW6HDQUHFHQWO\FRPSOHWHG
1XDQFHVLQDJUHHGFRORUVWDQGDUGVIURPWKHSULQWEX\HUWRWKHVDOHVSHUVRQWRWKH /HYHO,,,),567,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ6SHFLDOLVW
SULQWHUZLOODOZD\VEHDVLJQLŅFDQWSDUWRIWKHSURFHVVDQGFDQEHPDQDJHGEHVWE\D FHUWLŅFDWLRQ+HFDQEHUHDFKHGDW
V\VWHPWKDWKDVDFRQWUROOHGUHņH[LYHUHVSRQVHDVRXWOLQHGDERYH7RGD\,ZRXOG HPDLOVWHXņHU#KDUSHULPDJHFRP
UHFRPPHQG\RXORRNDJDLQEXWZLWKDSODQLQPLQGRIFRPELQLQJWKHWKUHHPDLQŅHOGV ZZZKDUSHULPDJHFRP
RIFRORUPDWFKLQJWHFKQRORJ\VPDUWGLVSHQVLQJV\VWHPVDGYDQFHGSURRŅQJPHWKRGV

ZZZFRQYHUWLQJTXDUWHUO\FRP‡4XDUWHU