» {GUIDE TO FORMIWORK FOR CONCRETE (ACI S74R-18) Fig, 92.2.1—Typical vertical sipform with deck and work plaiforms supported on wales ings, piers, chimneys, shaft linings, communication and observation towers, ntclear shield walls, and similar struc- ‘tues. Vertical slipforms, with concrete placed while rising, are usually moved in small increments by jacks that propel themselves on smooth steel rods or tubing embedded in or attache to the bardened concrete ‘A vertical slipform system (refer to Fig. 9.22.1) has five ‘main compovents: sheathing, wales, yokes, jacks, and jack- rods, and working or storage decks and scaffolding. The or vertical forms can be wood staves, plywood, ‘metal, glass fiber-reforced plastic, wood, ora combination ofthese materials. The function ofthe sheathing so contain and shape the concrete. ‘Wales bave three main functions 3 tnt eigen yotestoe to and tothe other elements ofthe form ee © Provide support for various platforms and scaffolding ‘Yokes support the wales at regular intervals withtbeirleg, transmit the lifting forces ffom the jacks to the wales, and resist the lateral force of plastic concrete within the form. ‘The jacks, installed on the yoke's beams, climb up the ack- rods and provide the force needed to raise the entire slipform system. Various platfoms, decks, and scaffolding complete the sipform system. They provide space for storing concrete, reinforcing steel, and embedmens, and serve as a working area for placing and finishing moma, sameeren 9.222 Design and constriction considerations— ‘Stipfomas should be designed by engineers famaiar with stipform construction. Constraction of the sipform and slipping should be carried out under the immediate super- vision ofa person experienced in sipform work. Drawings should be a retained by the by erm coe ein ‘wok, woking dct, sd eto A defeloped ton ofthe strctre should be prepared, showing the location of all openings and embedments. The stipform engineer should be experienced in the use ofthe exact brand of equipment to be used bythe contractor because there are significant varia tions in ‘between manufacturers. 9.2.23 Vertical loads—In addition to dead loads, live loads assumed for the design of decks should not be less 92.4 Laeral psu of one The nerd pest of fresh concrete to be used in designing forms, bracing, and wales can be calculated as follows. Got ae WS. customary mits) where ¢, = 100 Ibift? (twits) Co=6 tr Ts where = 48 kPa. The value ofc, = 100 Ibf? (48 KPa) is justified because ‘bration is slight in slipform work the concrete is placed in shallow layers of 6 to 10 in. (150 to 250 mm) with no revibration For some applications, such as gas-tight or containment structures, additional vibration canbe required to achieve maximum density of the concrete In such case, the value ofc, shouldbe increased to 150 Ib (7.2 KPa). 9.2.28 Tolerances—Prescred tolerances for construction of building elements are listed in ACT 117 9.22.6 Sting ‘The maximum rate of slide should be limited by the rate for which the forms are designed In addition, both maximemn and minimum rates of slide shouldbe determined by an experienced slipform super- visor to accommodate changes in weater, concrete shimp, inital set of concrete, workability, andthe many demands that arise during aside and cannot be accurately predicted beforehand. A person experienced in sipform construction should be present on the deck a ll times during the side ‘During the initial placing ofthe concrete in the slipform, the placing rate should not exceed that for which the form was designed Ideally, concrete shouldbe placed in approxi- mately Go 8 in 150 1 200 mm) ite ogee ip "Theta of Dardened concrete in he fo shuld be ~-ehecked: frequently by the use of a probing rod to estab- Amatican Conzrte Insts Copygh rama