dents and recent graduates in mind.
of inhalators, bronchodilators, the
Examples are given of different
types of leadership, organizational
structures, and agency settings.
The role of the individual and
some of the individual character­
istics and task performance are ex­
plained. The team as a work unit,
together with its mode of opera­
tion and the systems for co­
ordinating individual task per­
formance into provision of group
services are discussed also. The
nature of the collaborative process,
the making of decisions and judg­
ments, communication networks,
and performance controls are ex­
amined.
The diverse conceptions of pro­
fessions and professionalism are
studied and clearly require further
examination if they are to fulfill
effectively their role within the in­
terdisciplinary team. The need for
teaching of team work in the pro­
fessional school is described in
some detail and it was noted that,
even in medical school, thinking
about interdisciplinary relation­
ships in treatment is still dominated
by traditional hierarchical values.
Tf practice in interdisciplinary
teams is becoming increasingly
important, then professional
schools one day may conceivably
examine applicants for traits re­
lated to educability for team prac­
tice.
The book concludes with specific
suggestions for perfecting practice
in the coming decade, indicating
areas in which substantial research
has yet to be developed, and shows
the way for new programs, in­
cluding paraprofessional personnel
and populations previously mini­
mally involved.
JOYCE M. FLAIG
Asthma—A Guide for Patients.
Hume KM, M.D. London, Health
Horizon Limited, 1970, paper, 103
pp. illus, $3.00
This book, as stated, is written
about asthma for the nonmedical
person. It also serves as a good
introduction to the disease entity
and its diagnosis, treatment, and
prognosis for allied health field
personnel. Topics include the use
Volume 51 / Number 3, March 1971
This book provides a rich source
cortisone group of drugs, intrinsic
versus extrinsic asthma, status
asthmaticus, and so forth. The use
of physical therapy to bring up
sputum is mentioned several times.
The basis of breathing exercises is
briefly mentioned to point to the
fact that exercises can be used.
Physical activity (for example, the
child at play) is also discussed and
recommendations made.
SHARON N. NICHOLAS
First and Last Experiments in Mus­
cle Mechanics. Hill AV. London,
Cambridge University Press, 1970,
cloth, 137 pp, illus, $9.50
The mathematician's influence on
A. V. Hill's experiments on mus­
cle is evident in this recent com­
pendium of his experiments on the
mechanical properties of muscle.
The early experiments of the 1920s
are reported with an added per­
sonal touch that makes their back­
ground and development even more
meaningful.
During the forty years of study
and experimentation on the phe­
nomena of transition of muscle
from the resting to active states,
the author became more convinced
of the significance of the series
elastic element of muscle. Hill
provides specific formulas and re­
lationships of the series elastic ele­
ment versus the visco-elastic fac­
tors in an array of active states in
skeletal muscle.
In 1964, Hill attempted to do
some of his experiments "better."
While it is doubtful they actually
could be done "better," they were
repeated at an even more elemental
level with some new approaches.
Calculations on individual fibers
with unequally distributed sar­
comere strengths revealed that an
early rapid stretch of a muscle
during an isometric tetanus pro­
duced greater tension than an un­
complicated contraction might.
This he based on finding that the
weaker sarcomeres are employed
in a series elastic coupling, and
when this takes place in a whole
muscle the other connective tissue
elements are included in the elastic
coupling.
of data for teachers and research­
ers in the area of muscle physi­
ology. It is quite possible for re­
searchers to deal lightly with the
mechanical aspects of the transi­
tion of muscle from the resting
state to the active one. In addi­
tion to the obvious scientific value,
this book permits the reader a
more personal view of this most
eminent scientist and careful
scholar.
ARTHUR J. NELSON, PH.D.
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Atlas of Neuroanatomy and Spe­
cial Sense Organs. Bossy J. Phila­
delphia, W.B. Saunders Company,
1970, cloth, 335 pp, illus, $11.00
This atlas of neuroanatomy and
the special sense organs is a col­
lection of diagrams which are
quite schematic. The diagrams
illustrate structural neuroanatomy
and functional neurophysiology.
Brief general descriptions of the
central and peripheral nervous
systems and the special sense or­
gans accompany the diagrams
within the text. The black and
white illustrations include dia­
grams which tend to lack suffi­
cient detail or, in some instances,
seem to be overcomplicated. The
text can be used by all levels of
students as the author uses stan­
dardized international nomencla­
ture, and includes frequently used
alternative structural and func­
tional terminology.
The diagrams illustrated in the
text are available to the student
and graduate therapist in the stan­
dard textbooks of anatomy, neuro­
anatomy, and physiology; many
in color and more realistic quality.
This text, therefore, has limited
value as a source of information
for the physical therapist.
MARTHA ANNE CLENDENIN
Kinesiology of the Human Body
Under Normal and Pathological
Conditions. Steindler A. Spring­
field, Illinois, Charles C Thomas,
Publisher, 1955, cloth, 708 pp,
illus, $19.75
This text, published in 1955 and
363
currently in its third printing, was
written by and based on the ex­
perience of an outstanding kinesi-
ologist. Although the work is of
great scope, its major purpose is to
relate kinetics to the clinical as­
pects of both normal and patho­
logical movements.
The text is divided into four sec­
tions. Part 1 effectively deals with
physical properties of bone and tis­
sues and the mechanics and patho-
mechanics of muscle function. The
reader is also given a brief ex­
posure to body balance and equi­
librium and to the measurement
and computation of bodily motion.
Parts 2, 3, and 4 are concerned
with the mechanics and patho-
mechanics of the trunk, the ex­
tremities, and gait. Within each
lecture series are discussions of the
static and dynamic components of
normal and pathological move­
ments. In addition, the author
discusses those conditions in which
the kinetics have particular clinical
significance. Some operative pro­
cedures and effects of paralyses are
also described.
This book is intended primarily
for use by the orthopedic surgeon
and is regarded by kinesiologists
as a classic work. Although much
clinical evidence has been collected
and extensive laboratory research
completed since 1955, no editions
have been published since that
date. Any physician or physical
therapist using this text would
have to rely on newer texts in
order to remain informed of cur-
/ >
Microfilmed Volumes
of Journal
PHYSICAL THERAPY is com­
pletely microfilmed, beginning
with Volume 1, Number 1 (pub­
lished in 1921). Microfilmed
volumes may be obtained from:
University Microfilms, Inc.
313 North First Street
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48107
364
rent developments. However, the
majority of material presented is
basic to kinesiological study and
would prove useful as a source
book for most practicing physical
therapists. In spite of the early
publication date, the overall nature
and comprehensive approach of
this text indicates that physical
therapists could benefit from an
early and exhaustive study of this
book.
GARY L. SODERBERG
The Spinal Lesion. Paris SV.
Christchurch, New Zealand. Pega­
sus Press, 1965, cloth, 189 pp,
illus, $4.50
A number of books have been
written on the subject of manipula­
tion of the spine but, in this re­
viewer's opinion, The Spinal Lesion
by Stanley Paris is one of the best.
As a graduate therapist, already
skilled in the art of manipulation,
Mr. Paris has studied at osteo­
pathic and chiropractic colleges,
and worked with leaders in the
field of manipulation, orthodox
and otherwise, in both North
America and Europe. He has been
able to evaluate, from his back­
ground of knowledge, all the vari­
ations of theory and practice of
the skill. This book is the result
of his studies, personal research,
and evaluation of spinal treatments
in addition to the presentation of
his specific techniques of manipu­
lation.
As a textbook for the teaching
and learning of spinal manipula­
tion it is invaluable, principally
because of its extremely concise
analysis of the purpose for each
manipulative technique as it relates
to all the body's systems, as well
as its very exact descriptions of
procedures. This scientific pre­
cision is generally lacking in most
texts on spinal manipulation.
The book is divided into three
sections. The first deals with the
history of spinal treatments from
Hippocrates (who instructed his
students to press hard on a prom­
inent vertebra and to follow with
exercises) through the recorded
history of medicine to the present
time. Various schools of thought
regarding manipulation are ex­
amined and analyzed, including
osteopathic, chiropractic, the Dr.
Cyriax method, the French cycle
group, the Norwegian group, and
Dr. Mennell's dysfunction ap­
proach, as well as the examination
of some of the objections from
those who disapprove of the
manipulative approach to back
treatment.
The anatomy of the spinal
column is presented with emphasis
on the structures and systems as
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they relate to the manipulative
process.
The second section includes the
study of body mechanics, discuss­
ing posture, physiology of the
spine, accessory (involuntary)
movements, and the role of body
types. A knowledge of body types
enables the examiner to under­
stand the patient's spine as it re­
lates to the planes of the facets,
the movements possible, and the
general joint structure with which
the therapist has to work.
The mechanics of applied force
is examined: the influence of grav­
ity, the force absorption compo­
nents of the spine, the mechanics
of certain activities such as cough­
ing and sneezing as related to
spinal muscles, and the effects of
increased internal pressure. A
variety of spinal lesions are
analyzed.
Section three includes history
taking and examination techniques,
conditions of the spine, and treat­
ment.
The theory of manipulation and
its techniques are discussed in de­
tail, with a series of sixteen illus­
trative photographs to support the
text.
This book is written clearly and
concisely, and the author speaks
from a wealth of background and
knowledge of the various ap­
proaches to spinal manipulation.
He is responsible for much of the
current emphasis on the manipula­
tion of a specific joint with all the
other joints in the area at rest, as
distinguished from the general
manipulation of an area that may
or may not actually affect the de­
sired joint to be treated.
GRACE M. WATSON
PHYSICAL THERAPY