11 Elemente de Analiza Matematica

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Elemente
*

* matematică
de analiză
7

6

B

= =

=
→∞ →∞ →∞

"
*!,
J-! + = +
→∞ →∞ →∞
J 6
α

α 4 ! α = α
→∞ →∞
J ! ⋅ = ⋅

→∞ →∞ →∞
 
J6
≠ $ ≠ $
  ! = →∞
→∞   →∞

→∞
$ "

- 7

7
7

#

K6
αα
→$∞
$→$∞
KK6
αα
→"∞
$→"∞
6
!

→$∞
α

α
6

!

→ "∞
α

α6 #

#
> 6
→$∞→$∞
$→$∞
; 6
→→$∞
$→$∞
H 6
→→"∞
$→"∞
N 6
→"∞→"∞
$→"∞

!

∞-∞&∞
-∞&∞-&∞

-'∞&'∞-&'∞

'∞-'∞&'∞

∞' ∞

! ∞ 4 ∞ & ∞ ∞'∞ & '∞∞ & '∞ '∞'∞ & ∞

$ 4 ∞
$ 4 '∞
6

= ⋅
→∞ →∞ →∞
D

= $ = +∞ = $ = −∞
→∞ →∞ →∞ →∞
1/
*

!

:
$ 4 ∞E

7

! = $ = $

+∞ −∞
∞ −∞ ∞ −∞ $ ±∞

∞ ∞ −∞ −∞ $ $
6

 
 
= →∞
  →∞
→∞

!
→∞
∞∞&∞∞'∞&$$∞&$
∞$)∞$$
3

# < & 7 >
∞ & > $
= & & + & −)& −) + + ) + $ = 
→∞
−∞ & < $
3

 &
 & =
+ & −) + + ) + $ 
& & −)
& =  $ & <

→∞ + −) + + +
−) ) $ 
∞ ⋅ & & >

3

7

 ∞ >)
) =)

= 
→∞
$ −)< < )
 − )

X =  ) +  ) ! Y

#
)
 
!
(/

 )
6
= ∞
 ) +  =
→∞ →∞  
)
6
= $
) + =
→∞ →∞
11
/

< 6 ⊆

LL6-∞!L6'∞"

H

6

* 2 →

∈
8
2

1

# <!

)2

!
C
!

H

≠
!2C
(2

ε7
δ
R7

&∞$
ε
%+$J?@ − < δ ⇒ 2 > ε
R7
&'∞

ε+$%
J?@ < δ ⇒ 2 − < ε
R7

ε+$%+$
HJ?@ − < δ 2 − < ε
R7
&∞%∞
ε+$%+$
H+δ 2+ε
/2

7

J?@ → ⇒ 2 →
L 2 =
→
* 2 6 →
#

H
6
∈

< 2

2 1

!
C
!

H

8
6
!2"

# = 2 = 2 = 2 = 2 − $
→ → −
<
* 2 →
#

∈

2

2 1

!
C
!

H

+

!2 C

#
= 2 = 2 = 2 = 2 + $
→ →+
>
*26→

%

6*#
2

2

H

1
/

O2
→
2&
2 = α

→α
O 2
→
2 & 2 = = α = 2 α α
= ∞
→α →α →∞
= −∞
→−∞
O2
→$-∞2&$-∞J?)@ = α α

→α

∞
> ) = $
> )
=
→∞
$
$ < < ) ∞
$ < < )
→−∞
O 2
→ =') )> 2 & = α ∀ α ∈

→α →∞

→−∞
O 2
→ =') )> 2 & = α ∀ α ∈

→α →∞

→ −∞
R 2
→ $ + ∞ 2 =

$ 2 2
−
< $
2 2 = − = ∞

→−∞ →−∞
R*#

2
→
2 = ∈ (
= = α = 2 α α
= = ∞
→α →α →∞ →∞
=
∞

=
→−∞ →−∞
−∞

R*#

2 =$ ∞ → =$ ∞ 2 = & & ∈ & ( &

& = & α α=$∞ &

→α
2
→
2 = & & ∈ & ( &

& = & α α
& = ∞ &
= −∞
→α →∞ →−∞
R*#

2 =$ + ∞ →
2 = ∈ $ + ∞ J?)@
= α α$-∞
→α

+)
= ∞ = −∞
→∞ →$
>$

$P8)
= −∞ = +∞
→∞ →$
>$
10
R *#

2 $ + ∞ → $ + ∞ 2 = ∈
9
∞ > $ $ > $
2 = α = 2 α 2 =  2 = 
→α →∞
$ < $ $ ∞ < $
R*#

2
J & π + { π
( }
. & ∈ →
2&

α
J &

. &
= α
(
→α
π = ∞ = −∞

π →∞ →−∞
& π+ &π+
( (
R*#

2
J {& π . & ∈ } →
2 =

J?&π.&@ = α = −∞ & +∞

→α & π &π

→∞ → −∞
π π
R*#

2 =−) )> →  −  2 =

 ( ( 

=
α ∀α ∈=−) )>
→α
R*#

2 =−) )> → [$ π] 2 =

=
α ∀α ∈=−) )>
→α
π π
R*#

2
→  −  2 =

 ( (
π π
α

=
α
=
= −
→α →∞ ( →−∞ (

*26→

6 2

)6

2$

2 + = 2 +
→ → →
#

Q
(6

2

2 ⋅ = 2 ⋅
→ → →
#

Q
2 = 2
→ →
7

α2 = α 2 α

→ →
2
/6

#

2 2
= →
→
→
12

16
2+$

 2  →

 → 

#
2
2 =  2 
→

→  → 
* #→2→
* ∈

#
∈

#6

) = 2 = ( ≠ ≠
→ →
#
2
2 = 2 =
→ →
*

.
*26→

#

6
= $ ∃
L 2 − ∀ L ∩ 6 J ?@
→
∃ 2 =
→
6
2 = ∞ L 2 ∀ ∈ L ∩ 6 J ?@

→
∃ = ∞
→
6
= −∞ L 2 ∀ L ∩ 6 J ?@

→
∃ 2 = −∞
→
*

R7
S*2(6→

6L
 2 6 6 ( ∀ ∈ L 6J?@
!

6

∃ =
 2 = ( = ∈
→
→ →
3

2

*2
→
2&-')')--)-@&
& = $ ≠ $ #

 ) )  ∞
ã > $
J 2 =  + −) + + $  = 
→∞ →∞   −∞
ã < $
∞
ã
º > $

º < $
J 2 = 
→−∞
−∞
ã
º > $

º < $
3

2

*2)2(
→
2)&-')')--$$
2)
2(&-')')--$$*#
26→
2 =
2(
6&?
. 2( $@ 2

13
∞
ã > º ⋅ > $

−∞
ã > º ⋅ < $
)
=

− + −) + +
J 2 = $
= 
→∞ $ + −) + + $ 
ã =


$
ã <
,
2
→−∞
J*

2)&2(&$, )(
→
)$
($
.9
H2)&'
)2(&'.(,

2 = ) ⋅ −
− .
→ ( →

#
#

:
#
E

#

3

2
2 2
*26→$-∞6→
6′ 2 = ) = (
→ →
6
∃ 2 = ∃L ∈
H
→

ã ∈

L6J?@2
2 = ∞
ã = ∞
→
$
ã = −∞

2 −)

2 = →
→

* 6 ⊂
2 6→
# 6 6

6 #
6

62
2
1

6!
2!
2
6

6

2<!

#
) 2 = 2
→
(ε+$ δε+$C − < δε " 2 − 2 < ε

2

#2

#
J

# 2

# 2
%
J

#
15
2
2

G#
#

#

2

*#
# #
6
#26→
6
6
#
2-
246
$

2
∈
H ≠ $ ∀ ∈ 6

*2C)→C(C(→
C)C(
( = 2 C) →
#

6
2 C) 2C(
(

4

M

6
2=>→
#

*+2
,+2

αβ=> 2 α = 2 2 β =
2
∈= > ∈= >
6
2=>→
# 22

=>
H2&$
6
#

!

#

!

*2# !

KZ&2K*#
2K→Z%B!

2

#
! 2 ')Z→K

6
2 = →

2 = ∈

#
= > →

 2 ∈ =
= 

2
=>
 =

! )
*6
26 →
#

6

2

21
2 − 2

→ −
2 − 2

7

2 ′ = 2
2
→ −

1
2′

D #
2 6 →
G#

#
2 !
%

2

$
* 2 6 →
#

# <!

2 − 2
*+ ∃ = 2 ′ ∈

→ −
2 − 2
,+⊂6J?@ = ⇒ = 2 ′
→∞ →∞ −
*26 →
# !
% %#
-
6

2

2#

-2′

2
6!

#2 !
%

2′

2

.!
* 2 6 →
6
2
< 1

2 − 2
#6'∞ = 2 ′ ∈

−
2
1

2 − 2
#6 ∞ = 2 ′ ∈

−
*K
!
#2K →
K
K
, 2
1

!

7

2 ′ = 2 ′ = 2 ′

! )
*#26→
!
%
J*#
2- !
% 2 + ′ = 2 ′ + ′
J*#
42 !
% ⋅ 2 ′ = ⋅ 2 ′
J*#
2 6
!
% 2-′&2′--2-′
2  2 ′ 2 ′ ⋅ − 2 ⋅ ′
J6
$#
!
% $   =
 
(
J # 2 6 → C C →

6
$ = 2

C6
2 !
% !
%
$
#
2 6 →
!
% 2 ′ = ′ 2 ⋅ 2 ′
.! )

!
* ) T ⊂
!
2 ) → T # 2) &T
6
2 !
% ) 2 ′ ≠ $
#
! 2 −) T → )
)
!
% $&2 2 −) ′ $ =
2 ′
* 26→
#

6
8
2

)
*+ 2 !
% !

2 ′ − 2 ′
,+#
!
2′ !
%

→ −
( 2
7

2 ′′ (sau (
sau ( 2

( 2

2 1
8
26→
-)

1

*+2 !
% !

2 − 2
,+ #
!
2 !
%

→ −

+) 2
7

2 +)

6 +) 2
+)

- ) 2

2 1
!#2$&2
M2
26→

2

6
2 !
%

6
5
3

*
# 2 →
!
%

2 = ∑ *& 2 − & &
& =$
.

*K
!
$K
8
2K→

2

1$

αK→
#
$
α = α $ = $
H
→ $
2'2$&'$-α'$K
D
#

#

( A( (

2

2

21$
2$
6
2 #
% $
2$
→
2 $ ( = 2 ′ $ ⋅ ((

M2
2K→

2

K
#
% K

! )
*26→
#6

#2
2 2
66

#2
2 2 6
*2K→
#K

#2
!

L

H2 2LK2

!
#
(
$

# 2
L
!

$
H2$ 2 LK2$

2

$ K

2

!

4
8 *K⊂
!
2K→
# !
% F

$ !
K$K

!

2 ′$&$
4
5 *2=>→
#
#
)2 =>
(2 !
%
/2&2
,
H 2 ′ = $
4
3 *2=>→
# #
)2 =>
(2 !
%
2 − 2
,
H = 2 ′
−
4
*(6
#2=>→
#
)2!
<=>
(2 !
%!
<
/ ′ ≠ $ ∀ ∈
2 − 2 2 ′

H =
− ′
4 DB
* ∈
< K ⊂
!
⊂ K ⊂ = >
6
$=> 2KJ?$@→
# #
) 2 = = $ ! = +∞
→ $ → $ → $
(2 !
% ′ ≠ $ ∀ ∈ K J? $ @
2 ′
/ ∈

→ $ ′
!
L
$
H$KLJ?$@
2 2 ′
=
→ $ → $ ′
*

3 *2K→
# !
% !
K
6
2′+$ K
2
K
%6
2′8$ K
2
K
/
' !
*#
2K→
K ⊂
!

8
2 K
)(K λ=$)>
2)' λ)-λ( )' λ2)-λ 2(
8
2 K
)(K λ =$ )>
2)' λ)-λ()' λ2)-λ 2(
*$!

K $
2

#2

2
!
$

!

$#

<% !

$

$#
!

$#

!

*6
$

626
#
6

#&$

#2
#

2
2
$ $
*#26
6
6#

∞

#6

#&-

-∞

= 2 − − > = $ ∈

→+∞
6
6#
H
'∞

#6

#&′-′

'∞

= 2 − ′ − ′> = $ ′′ ∈

→−∞
6

#&

±∞

#2

2

→±∞
1

11 Elemente de Analiza Matematica

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11 Elemente de Analiza Matematica

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J ! ⋅ = ⋅

$ "

& =  $ & <

2 2 = − = ∞

& = & α α=$∞ &

π = ∞ = −∞

J?&π.&@ = α = −∞ & +∞

*2# !

.! )

*$!

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11 Elemente de Analiza Matematica

Uploaded by

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Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

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11 Elemente de Analiza Matematica

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J   !    ⋅   =   ⋅   

$ "    

 & =  $ & < 

 2       2   =  −  = ∞ 

 & = & α  α=$∞  &  

 π  = ∞    = −∞       

J?&π.&@    =  α     = −∞     & +∞ 

   

*2#   !

.! ) 

*$    !

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J ! ⋅ = ⋅

$ "

& =  $ & <

2 2 = − = ∞

& = & α α=$∞ &

π = ∞ = −∞

J?&π.&@ = α = −∞ & +∞

*2# !

.! )

*$!