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Test begins on the next page.
1
Reading Test
65 MINUTES, 52 QUESTIONS
Turn to Section 1 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.
DIRECTIONS
Each passage or pair of passages below is followed by a number of questions. After reading each passage or
pair, choose the best answer to each question based on what is stated or implied in the passage or passages
and in any accompanying graphics (such as a table or graph).
..
Questions 1–10 are based on the following passage. .. with his ladder;—then he drew near enough for her to
..
.. watch him as he hooked his ladder on the lamp-irons, ran
This passage is adapted from Elizabeth Wetherell, The Wide, ..
Wide World. Originally published in 1850. .. up and lit the lamp, then shouldered the ladder and
..
.. 35 marched off quick, the light glancing on his wet oil-skin
“Mamma, what was that I heard papa saying to you ..
.. hat, rough greatcoat and lantern, and on the pavement and
this morning about his lawsuit?” .. iron railings. The veriest moth could not have followed
..
“I cannot tell you just now. Ellen, pick up that shawl .. the light with more perseverance than did Ellen’s eyes—
..
Line and spread it over me.” .. till the lamplighter gradually disappeared from view, and
..
5 “Mamma!—are you cold in this warm room?” .. 40 the last lamp she could see was lit; and not till then did it
..
“A little,—there, that will do. Now, my daughter, let .. occur to her that there was such a place as indoors. She
..
me be quiet awhile—don’t disturb me.” .. took her face from the window. The room was dark and
..
There was no one else in the room. Driven thus to .. cheerless; and Ellen felt stiff and chilly. However, she
..
her own resources, Ellen betook herself to the window .. made her way to the fire, and having found the poker, she
..
10 and sought amusement there. The prospect without gave .. 45 applied it gently to the Liverpool coal with such good
little promise of it. Rain was falling, and made the street ..
.. effect that a bright ruddy blaze sprang up and lighted the
and everything in it look dull and gloomy. The foot- ..
.. whole room. Ellen smiled at the result of her experiment.
passengers plashed through the water, and the horses and ..
.. “That is something like,” said she to herself; “who says I
carriages plashed through the mud; gaiety had forsaken ..
.. can’t poke the fire? Now, let us see if I can’t do something
the side-walks, and equipages1 were few, and the people ..
15 .. 50 else. Do but see how those chairs are standing—one
that were out were plainly there only because they could .. would think we had had a sewing circle here—there, go
..
not help it. But yet Ellen, having seriously set herself to .. back to your places,—that looks a little better; now these
..
study everything that passed, presently became engaged in .. curtains must come down, and I may as well shut the
..
her occupation; and her thoughts travelling dreamily from .. shutters too—and now this tablecloth must be content to
..
20 one thing to another, she sat for a long time with her little .. 55 hang straight, and mamma’s box and the books must lie in
..
face pressed against the window-frame, perfectly .. their places and not all helter-skelter. Now, I wish mamma
..
regardless of all but the moving world without. .. would wake up; I should think she might. I don’t believe
..
Daylight gradually faded away, and the street wore a .. she is asleep, she don’t look as if she was.”
..
more and more gloomy aspect. The rain poured, and now .. Ellen was right in this; her mother’s face did not
..
25 only an occasional carriage or footstep disturbed the sound .. 60 wear the look of sleep, nor indeed of repose at all; the lips
of its steady pattering. Yet still Ellen sat with her face ..
.. were compressed, and the brow not calm. To try, however,
glued to the window as if spell-bound, gazing out at every ..
.. whether she was asleep or no, and with the half-
dusky form that passed, as though it had some strange ..
.. acknowledged intent to rouse her at all events, Ellen knelt
interest for her. At length, in the distance, light after light ..
.. down by her side and laid her face close to her mother’s
30 began to appear; presently Ellen could see the dim figure .. 65 on the pillow. But this failed to draw either word or sign.
..
of the lamplighter crossing the street, from side to side, .. After a minute or two Ellen tried stroking her mother’s
..
.
4 CONTINUE
1
..
cheek very gently;—and this succeeded, for .. 4
..
Mrs. Montgomery arrested the little hand as it passed her ..
.. The references to “straight” and “helter-skelter” at the
lips, and kissed it fondly two or three times. ..
.. end of the sixth paragraph (lines 23–58) mainly have
1 ..
Horse-drawn carriages .. which effect?
..
..
.. A) They evoke Ellen’s sense of confusion.
1 ..
.. B) They capture Ellen’s intention to tidy up the house.
..
Which choice best summarizes the passage? .. C) They reflect Ellen’s feelings about her family.
..
A) A young woman experiences gloominess, then anger, .. D) They reveal the contradictory nature of Ellen’s life.
..
and finally despair. ..
..
..
B) A daughter attempts to entertain herself while her .. 5
..
mother rests. ..
.. The passage indicates that Ellen turns her attention to the
C) A mother and daughter discuss their family’s current .. window because
..
troubles. ..
.. A) the lively traffic outside allures her.
D) Two characters in the same home become ..
..
increasingly despondent. .. B) she wants to escape the gloom inside her home.
..
.. C) her mother has ordered her to do so.
..
2 .. D) no one else is present to entertain her.
..
..
The main purpose of the description of the lamplighter ..
.. 6
(lines 29–37) is to ..
..
.. The passage suggests that Ellen’s mother’s inability to
A) compare his work to that of Ellen’s father. ..
.. rest peacefully is most likely caused by
B) establish Ellen’s desire become an adult. ..
..
.. A) the relentlessly dreary weather.
C) provide a symbolic representation of time passing ..
from day to night. .. B) her daughter’s lack of discipline.
..
..
D) suggest the source of a matter causing Ellen’s family .. C) a legal situation affecting the family.
..
emotional pain. .. D) her poor health.
..
..
..
3 .. 7
..
..
During the course of the sixth paragraph (lines 23–58), .. Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer
..
Ellen’s focus shifts from .. to the previous question?
..
A) entrancement with the outside world to ..
.. A) Lines 1–4 (“Mamma . . . me”)
contemplation of the inside environment. ..
.. B) Lines 8–10 (“Driven . . . there”)
..
B) reflection on the dismal weather to appreciation for .. C) Lines 50–52 (“Do . . . better”)
..
her family. ..
.. D) Line 65 (“But . . . sign”)
C) evaluation of her inner despair to acknowledgement ..
..
of solutions. ..
.. 8
D) resistance to her current situation to acceptance of ..
..
her state of affairs. .. In the sixth paragraph (lines 23–58), the comparison of a
..
.. moth to Ellen’s eyes mainly has the effect of
..
..
.. A) suggesting the fleetingness of a moment.
..
.. B) conveying an intensity of attention.
..
.. C) illustrating the nature of an uncertain relationship.
..
.. D) exemplifying an indifference to a situation.
..
..
..
..
..
.
5 CONTINUE
1
..
9 .. Questions 11–21 are based on the following passage
..
.. and supplementary material.
The passage indicates that Ellen and her mother have a ..
..
relationship that is .. This passage is adapted from Jonathan L. Clarke and Isabella
..
.. M. Johnson, “Norm Violation and Perceptions of Power.”
A) contemptuous .. Published in 2011.
..
B) joyous. ..
.. The question of what makes people ascend to power
C) strained. ..
.. has long been of interest to social scientists. Every day,
..
D) affectionate. .. people rise through the ranks of politics, corporate life,
..
.. Line and educational institutions, and along with promotions
..
10 .. 5 often comes the ability to influence or control the
..
.. behavior of others. But do people become powerful by
Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer ..
.. achieving such ranks? Or do some people possess
to the previous question? ..
.. qualities that make them inherently powerful, thus making
A) Lines 6–7 (“A little . . . me”) .. them more likely to reach such heights?
..
.. Social power often has a negative connotation. As
B) Lines 56–58 (“Now . . . was”) .. 10
.. Lord Acton wrote to Bishop Mandell Creighton in 1887,
C) Lines 59–61 (“Ellen . . . calm”) ..
.. “Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts
D) Lines 66–69 (“After . . . times”) ..
.. absolutely.” This notion not only is a widely held
..
.. sentiment but also is supported by scientific research
..
.. 15 (Kipnis 1972). It is not uncommon for powerholders to
..
.. take ethical shortcuts and view the less powerful as
..
.. objects to be manipulated. Such behaviors can indeed be
..
.. corrupt (a CEO who embezzles money from a company),
..
.. or they can be more subtle infringements on principles of
..
.. 20 proper and acceptable behavior (a boss who enters an
..
.. employee’s office without knocking).
.. As these behaviors are generally seen as unfavorable,
..
.. it would seem that a person in power who violates norms
..
.. and exhibits disrespectful behaviors might fall from grace,
..
.. 25 losing power in the end. But very often, that is not the
..
.. case. In the present research, we consider that perhaps the
..
.. opposite is true. Perhaps these negative behaviors actually
..
.. drive perceptions of power.
..
.. Many studies have tried to identify personal qualities
..
.. 30 that are predictors of power. Some of these predictors
..
.. include personality traits (e.g., extroversion),
..
.. demographic characteristics (e.g., gender), and nonverbal
..
.. behavior (e.g., engagement). But little research has been
..
.. done on the rule-breaking behavior of individuals and
..
.. 35 whether this type of social interaction is perceived as
..
.. powerful. We are interested in norm-violating behavior as
.. it relates to social power because there does appear to
..
.. exist the stereotype of powerful people “getting away
..
.. with” more than the average person. Previous scientific
..
.. 40 research has revealed that people hold many stereotypes
..
.. of the traits and behaviors associated with power, such as
..
.. louder voices, more interruptions, less smiling, and more
..
.. gesturing, and in 1985, Ridgeway, Berger, and Smith
..
.. found that because certain cues are so strongly associated
..
.. 45 with power, the behaviors themselves may indicate power.
.
6 CONTINUE
1
..
In social settings, then, people may rely on such cues (e.g., .. 11
..
a louder voice) to infer another person’s level of power. ..
.. The authors most likely use the examples in lines 17–21
With these assumptions in mind, we propose that people ..
.. of the passage (“Such . . . knocking”) to highlight the
who violate norms are perceived as more powerful. ..
..
50 To test this idea, we created a study, the “coffee .. A) disrespect that less powerful people feel from
..
scenarios,” in which an actor engaged in norm-violating .. superiors.
behavior in one scenario and an actor engaged in a neutral ..
.. B) frequency with which people in power break rules.
behavior in another. The participants were to imagine they ..
.. C) corporate setting in which most norm-violating
were sitting in a busy waiting room, and in the norm- ..
.. behaviors occur.
violating scenario, the actor took a cup a coffee from an ..
55 .. D) broad spectrum of norm-violating behaviors.
employee’s desk without asking. In the neutral scenario, ..
..
the actor went to the restroom and returned after a couple ..
..
minutes. We used two approaches to measure perceived .. 12
..
power. The first was a questionnaire on “social .. In line 16, the word “view” most nearly means
..
60 impressions” that we used to gauge the participants’ ..
.. A) regard.
impressions of these behaviors. The questionnaire ..
..
included words and phrases that are suggestive of power .. B) examine.
..
(strong, decisive, powerful, leader-like, and in control) and .. C) survey.
..
adjectives to measure perceptions of norm-violating .. D) study.
..
65 behavior (immoral, improper, rude, and asocial). The ..
second approach consisted of four power statements, and ..
.. 13
participants were asked to indicate to what extent each ..
..
one of them applied to the actors. The results indicated .. The authors indicate that to infer others’ level of power,
..
that participants perceived the person who took the coffee .. people may
..
as more in violation of norms than the person who went to ..
70 .. A) inquire about personal details such as job title.
the bathroom. Participants also rated the person who took ..
.. B) look to behavioral markers that are stereotypically
the coffee as more powerful on both scales. ..
.. associated with power.
While the notion that power leads to rule-breaking ..
..
and even corruption is prevalent, the reverse had never .. C) observe others’ interactions with subordinates.
..
75 been examined. And our research offers initial evidence .. D) analyze the results of questionnaires about social
..
that violating norms, even when regarded negatively, can .. impressions.
..
fuel the impression of power. ..
..
.. 14
..
..
.. Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer
Results of Research Participants’ Perceptions ..
.. to the previous question?
of Behavior ..
..
7 .. A) Lines 2–6 (“Every . . . others”)
..
6 .. B) Lines 30–33 (“Some . . . engagement”)
..
Mean perception∗
5 .. C) Lines 46–47 (“In social . . . power”)

..
..
4 .. D) Lines 68–71 (“The results . . . bathroom”)
..
3 ..
..
2 ..
..
1 ..
..
..
0 ..
norm-violating powerful ..
..
..
..
taking coffee ..
..
going to the bathroom ..
..
..
..
* 0 = definitely not; 7 = definitely .
7 CONTINUE
1
..
15 .. 20
..
..
The researchers (Ridgeway, Berger, and Smith) .. The graph following the passage offers evidence that a
..
mentioned in the fourth paragraph (lines 29–49) would .. person who engages in a neutral behavior (such as going
..
likely describe the findings of the “coffee scenarios” .. to the bathroom) is perceived as
..
study as ..
.. A) more powerful than a person who breaks a rule.
A) unsettling. ..
.. B) less powerful than a person who breaks a rule.
..
B) expected. .. C) definitely violating a norm.
..
C) problematic. .. D) definitely not violating a norm.
..
D) groundbreaking. ..
..
..
.. 21
16 ..
.. The authors would likely attribute the difference in
..
The passage indicates that the assumption about .. perceived power between the person who took coffee and
..
unfavorable behavior of people in power in lines 22–25 .. the person who went to the bathroom as represented in
..
may be .. the graph to
..
..
A) inaccurate. .. A) a violation of norms.
..
B) dishonest. .. B) a tendency to judge others favorably.
..
..
C) correct. .. C) the duration of the experience.
..
D) valid. .. D) an increasingly power-hungry society.
..
..
..
17 ..
..
..
..
..
..
A) Lines 25–26 (“But very . . . case”) ..
..
B) Lines 29–30 (“Many . . . power”) ..
..
..
C) Lines 71–72 (“Participants . . . scales”) ..
..
D) Lines 73–75 (“While . . . examined”) ..
..
..
..
18 ..
..
..
As it is used in line 28, the word “drive” most nearly ..
..
means ..
..
..
A) traverse. ..
..
B) repulse. ..
..
C) propel. ..
..
..
D) transport. ..
..
..
..
19 ..
..
..
The authors refer to work by Kipnis (lines 14–15) in ..
order to ..
..
..
A) support a claim. ..
..
..
B) introduce an argument. ..
..
C) question a theory. ..
..
D) offer an explanation. ..
..
.
8 CONTINUE
1
..
Questions 22–32 are based on the following passages. .. Despite its risks, the Fourth Industrial Revolution is
..
.. 45 an exciting time in history in which dramatic advances
Passage 1 is adapted from Colin Frazer, “Navigating the New ..
.. will be made in virtually every walk of life.
Industrial Age.” Published in 2016. Passage 2 is adapted from ..
Reza Pouran, “The New Technological Era. Or Is It?” Published ..
..
in 2016. .. Passage 2
..
.. While it is true that the digitalization of economic
Passage 1 ..
.. and social life brought about by the Third Industrial
Get ready to navigate the next industrial revolution. ..
.. Revolution is having a disruptive effect on business
This message was at the forefront of the recent World ..
.. 50 practices and social norms, these actions hardly represent
Economic Forum in Geneva, Switzerland. ..
.. a Fourth Industrial Revolution.
Line The forum annually brings together heads of state, ..
business leaders, and public intellectuals, such as the US .. Professor Klaus Schwab, author of the book The
5 ..
secretary of state, the CEO of Bank of America, and the .. Fourth Industrial Revolution, posits that we are living in a
..
co-chairs of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, to .. period of change more profound than any prior period in
..
examine current global issues. In the keynote speech, .. 55 human history. This period is characterized by dramatic
..
founder Klaus Schwab argued that we are on the brink of .. technological advances, from mobile supercomputing to
..
10 a Fourth Industrial Revolution. .. artificial intelligence to genetic editing, and the advances
..
According to Schwab, the Fourth Industrial .. are happening at a rapid pace. As such, Schwab has
.. deemed the era the Fourth Industrial Revolution and
Revolution is a progression of the advances made in the ..
.. 60 claims that it is building on the Third Industrial
previous industrial revolutions, which brought about water ..
.. Revolution, which saw the change from mechanical and
and steam power, electric power and mass production, and ..
.. analog electronics to digital technology during the
15 electronics and digital technology. Building on the Third ..
.. mid 1900s. The Fourth Industrial Revolution’s distinctive
Industrial Revolution, the Fourth is “a fusion of ..
.. feature, he claims, is the synthesis of technologies that is
technologies that is blurring the lines between the ..
.. 65 “blurring the lines” between the physical, digital, and
physical, digital, and biological spheres.” While the ..
previous industrial revolutions were defined mainly by .. biological worlds.
..
specific advances in technology, the Fourth Industrial .. However, this interconnectedness between worlds is
20 ..
Revolution will be characterized by a range of new .. not new. Digitalization technology has been “blurring the
..
technologies that will work together to bridge the digital, .. lines” for decades. The nature of digitalization, which
..
physical, and biological worlds. .. 70 characterizes the Third Industrial Revolution, is to shrink
..
Schwab argued that these technologies have the .. communications—physical, visual, auditory, biological—
..
25 capability to drastically improve life in a number of ways, .. to pure information that can be reconstructed into large
.. networks that function much like intricate ecosystems. It
from connecting billions more people to the Internet to ..
.. is this interconnected quality of digitalization that allows
boosting the productivity of businesses. Factories are ..
.. 75 us to blend the physical, digital, and biological worlds,
going to become “smart,” equipped with Internet- ..
.. and it’s been going on for years.
connected machinery that can visualize and execute the ..
.. Perhaps knowing that he is on the wrong track,
30 entire production chain autonomously. Schwab also ..
.. Schwab quickly veers from his argument about what the
claims that technological interconnectedness will be able ..
.. technology does to his claim that it is the “velocity, scope,
to improve the environment, potentially undoing the ..
damage inflicted during the previous industrial .. 80 and systems impact” of the technology that warrants an
..
revolutions. .. ushering out of the Third Industrial Revolution and an
..
But some may argue that such advances do not come .. ushering in of the Fourth. But again, the nature of
35 ..
without risks. The rise of automation will benefit the .. digitalization indicates that this transformation has
..
wealthy more than it will the poor, potentially causing the .. already been going on for decades. The low marginal cost
..
inequality gap to increase. Low-skill jobs will be .. 85 of utilizing it, along with the inherent interconnectedness
..
eliminated as more factories adopt technologies that .. of the technology, is what has driven the “velocity, scope,
.. and systems impact” at an exponential rate. We simply are
40 enable automation, and the workers who held those jobs ..
.. not seeing a new phenomenon worthy of declaring a new
will be left unemployed. But perhaps the future will hold ..
.. industrial revolution.
new job opportunities that we’ve yet to fathom, ..
..
opportunities that could benefit workers of all skill levels. ..
..
..
.
9 CONTINUE
1
..
22 .. 26
..
..
In lines 4–8, the author of Passage 1 mentions several job .. What function does the discussion of risks in lines 35–41
..
titles primarily to .. serve in Passage 1?
..
..
A) emphasize that powerful people support the idea of .. A) It examines the history of a gathering mentioned first
..
the Fourth Industrial Revolution. .. in the first paragraph.
..
B) highlight the variety of nations that contribute to the .. B) It addresses a counterargument to claims made in the
..
forum’s discussion. .. previous paragraph.
..
C) provide evidence of the forum’s attendance by .. C) It indicates uncertainty regarding a term introduced
..
prominent leaders. .. in the previous paragraph.
..
D) note the types of people that are employed by the .. D) It provides a surprising answer to a question raised in
..
World Economic Forum. .. the previous paragraph.
..
..
..
23 .. 27
..
..
The author of Passage 1 indicates that the Fourth .. The central claim of Passage 2 is that the idea of the
..
Industrial Revolution could have which positive effect? .. Fourth Industrial Revolution has some legitimate basis
..
.. but
A) It could increase the number of individuals who are ..
..
able to access the Internet. .. A) experts disagree about the positive outcomes of rapid
..
B) It could save companies billions of dollars. .. technological advancement.
..
.. B) it mistakes a phase of an ongoing revolution for a
C) It could enhance the way that scientists do biological ..
.. new, separate revolution.
research. ..
.. C) it posits a change whose potential is not likely to be
D) It could create automation in our homes and ..
.. embraced by business leaders.
workplaces. ..
..
.. D) it fails to take into consideration the advances of the
..
24 .. revolutions before it.
..
..
.. 28
..
.. As used in line 63, “distinctive” most nearly means
A) Lines 11–15 (“According . . . technology”) ..
..
B) Lines 15–18 (“Building . . . spheres”) .. A) attractive.
..
C) Lines 24–27 (“Schwab . . . businesses”) .. B) distinguishing.
..
.. C) sophisticated.
D) Lines 27–30 (“Factories . . . autonomously”) ..
.. D) perfect.
..
..
25 ..
..
.. 29
As used in line 22, “bridge” most nearly means ..
.. Which statement best describes the relationship between
A) bypass. ..
.. the passages?
..
B) cross. ..
.. A) Passage 2 challenges the historical summary
C) connect. ..
.. presented in Passage 1.
D) raise. ..
..
.. B) Passage 2 disputes the value of specific technologies
.. endorsed by Passage 1.
..
..
.. C) Passage 2 expresses concern about certain risks
..
.. mentioned in Passage 1.
..
.. D) Passage 2 argues against a distinction discussed in
..
.. Passage 1.
..
..
.
10 CONTINUE
1
..
30 .. Questions 33–42 are based on the following passage.
..
..
The author of Passage 2 would most likely respond to the .. This passage is adapted from Emmeline Pankhurst’s address in
..
discussion of the life improvements during the Fourth .. Hartford, Connecticut, in 1913. Pankhurst was a leader in the
.. movement to secure the right to vote for British women.
Industrial Revolution in lines 24–34, Passage 1, by ..
..
claiming that such improvements .. I am here as a soldier who has temporarily left the
..
A) can be attained if they start locally and then spread .. field of battle in order to explain what civil war is like
..
globally. .. when civil war is waged by women. I am not only here as
..
.. Line a soldier temporarily absent from the field at battle; I am
B) are beyond the scope of the technology that currently ..
.. 5 here as a person who, according to the law courts of my
exists. ..
.. country, it has been decided, is of no value to the
C) are the result of digitalization technology that is not ..
.. community at all.
new. ..
.. It is not at all difficult if revolutionaries come to you
D) seem unlikely to occur any time in the near future. .. from Russia, if they come to you from China, or from any
..
.. other part of the world, if they are men. But since I am a
.. 10
31 .. woman it is necessary to explain why women have
..
.. adopted revolutionary methods in order to win the rights
.. of citizenship. We women, in trying to make our case
.. clear, always have to make as part of our argument, and
..
A) Lines 47–51 (“While . . . Revolution”) .. 15 urge upon men in our audience the fact—a very simple
..
B) Lines 55–58 (“This period . . . pace”) .. fact—that women are human beings.
..
.. Suppose the men of Hartford had a grievance, and
C) Lines 69–73 (“The nature . . . ecosystems”) ..
.. they laid that grievance before their legislature, and the
D) Lines 73–76 (“It is . . . years”) ..
.. legislature obstinately refused to listen to them, or to
..
.. 20 remove their grievance, what would be the proper and the
32 ..
.. constitutional and the practical way of getting their
..
Which choice identifies a topic that Passage 1 gives .. grievance removed? Well, it is perfectly obvious at the
.. next general election the men of Hartford would turn out
specific details about and Passage 2 mentions only in ..
.. that legislature and elect a new one.
general? ..
.. But let the men of Hartford imagine that they were
.. 25
A) Negative effects of technological advances .. not in the position of being voters at all, that they were
..
B) The existence of first and second industrial .. governed without their consent being obtained, that the
..
revolutions .. legislature turned an absolutely deaf ear to their demands,
..
C) The views of Klaus Schwab .. what would the men of Hartford do then? They couldn’t
..
.. 30 vote the legislature out. They would have to choose; they
D) The history of digitalization ..
.. would have to make a choice of two evils: they would
..
.. either have to submit indefinitely to an unjust state of
..
.. affairs, or they would have to rise up and adopt some of
..
.. the antiquated means by which men in the past got their
..
.. 35 grievances remedied.
..
.. It is about eight years since the word militant was
..
.. first used to describe what we were doing. It was not
.. militant at all, except that it provoked militancy on the
..
.. part of those who were opposed to it. When women asked
..
.. questions in political meetings and failed to get answers,
.. 40
.. they were not doing anything militant. In Great Britain it
..
.. is a custom, a time-honoured one, to ask questions of
..
.. candidates for parliament and ask questions of members
..
.. of the government. No man was ever put out of a public
..
.. 45 meeting for asking a question. The first people who were
..
.. put out of a political meeting for asking questions, were
.
11 CONTINUE
1
..
women; they were brutally ill-used; they found themselves .. 34
..
in jail before 24 hours had expired. ..
.. Pankhurst uses the phrase “deaf ear” (line 28) mainly to
We were called militant, and we were quite willing to ..
.. emphasize what she sees as
50 accept the name. We were determined to press this ..
..
question of the enfranchisement of women to the point .. A) legislators’ outright dismissal of women’s concerns.
..
where we were no longer to be ignored by the politicians. .. B) the injustice of Hartford men’s being ignored by their
You have two babies very hungry and wanting to be ..
.. government.
fed. One baby is a patient baby, and waits indefinitely ..
.. C) women’s refusal to listen to the oppressive messages
until its mother is ready to feed it. The other baby is an ..
55 .. of those who oppose them.
impatient baby and cries lustily, screams and kicks and ..
.. D) her audience’s inability to hear what she is saying.
makes everybody unpleasant until it is fed. Well, we know ..
..
perfectly well which baby is attended to first. That is the ..
..
whole history of politics. You have to make more noise .. 35
..
60 than anybody else, you have to make yourself more .. Pankhurst claims that the most militant aspect of the
..
obtrusive than anybody else, you have to fill all the papers .. British suffrage movement is its
..
more than anybody else, in fact you have to be there all ..
.. A) language.
the time and see that they do not snow you under. ..
..
When you have warfare things happen; people suffer; .. B) opponents.
..
65 the noncombatants suffer as well as the combatants. And .. C) methods.
..
so it happens in civil war. Well, in our civil war people .. D) goals.
have suffered, but you cannot make omelets without ..
..
breaking eggs; you cannot have civil war without damage ..
.. 36
to something. The great thing is to see that no more ..
..
damage is done than is absolutely necessary, that you do .. Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer
70 ..
just as much as will arouse enough feeling to bring about .. to the previous question?
..
peace, to bring about an honourable peace for the ..
.. A) Lines 1–3 (“I am . . . women”)
combatants; and that is what we have been doing. ..
.. B) Lines 36–37 (“It is . . . doing”)
..
..
33 .. C) Lines 37–39 (“It was . . . it”)
..
.. D) Lines 45–48 (“The first . . . expired”)
The central claim that Pankhurst makes in the passage is ..
..
that ..
.. 37
..
A) the women who are fighting for the right to vote ..
.. As used in line 4, “battle” most nearly refers to
must cease their belligerent tactics. ..
..
B) men understand revolutions only when they are being .. A) a fight for equality.
..
carried out by other men. .. B) war between nations.
..
C) women are waging a civil war and need more .. C) an attempt to overthrow democracy.
..
soldiers on the battlefield. ..
.. D) violence between the sexes.
..
D) the aggressiveness of the women’s suffrage ..
..
movement is a necessary means to achieve its end. ..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
12 CONTINUE
1
..
38 .. 42
..
..
It can reasonably be inferred that Pankhurst believes that .. Paragraph 8 (lines 64–73) is primarily concerned with
..
her audience .. establishing a comparison between
..
..
A) does not have an appreciation for the work of its .. A) war and peace.
..
legislature. .. B) world war and civil war.
..
B) consists mostly of men who are fighting against .. C) cooking and women’s rights.
..
equal rights for women. ..
.. D) warfare and the women’s suffrage movement.
C) fails to understand why women must use dramatic ..
..
political actions to achieve their goal. ..
..
D) opposes giving the right to vote to the women in its ..
..
community. ..
..
..
..
39 ..
..
..
As used in line 50, “press” most nearly means ..
..
..
A) bear down on. ..
..
B) try to persuade. ..
..
..
C) exert force against. ..
..
D) put forward insistently. ..
..
..
..
40 ..
..
..
Pankhurst contends that those who are determined to ..
..
effect political change must ..
..
..
A) air their grievances only in private conversations. ..
..
B) demand attention by being loud and visible. ..
..
..
C) eliminate the current legislature and vote in a new ..
one. ..
..
..
D) travel the world spreading word of their revolution. ..
..
..
..
41 ..
..
..
..
..
..
A) Lines 8–10 (“It is . . . men”) ..
..
B) Lines 17–22 (“Suppose . . . removed”) ..
..
C) Lines 44–45 (“No . . . question”) ..
..
D) Lines 59–63 (“You . . . under”) ..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
13 CONTINUE
1
..
Questions 43–52 are based on the following passage .. concluded that the difference in CSF flow was caused by a
..
and supplementary material. .. difference in space between brain cells.
..
.. They tested this idea by directly measuring the
This passage is adapted from Virginia Olsen, “Sleep and the ..
Brain’s Self-cleaning System.” Originally published in 2013. .. volume of space between brain cells. The researchers
..
.. 50 discovered that this “extracellular” space in the brain’s
The purpose of sleep and its effects on the brain have ..
.. cortex increased by 60 percent when the mice were asleep.
long been of interest to scientists. Animals spend one- .. When the mice awoke, the brain cells returned to their
..
third of their lives asleep, yet when animals sleep, they .. previous size, and the flow of CSF between cells slowed
..
Line lose hunting and gathering time and become vulnerable to .. to a trickle. “It’s almost like opening and closing a faucet,”
..
5 predators. Up until now, there has been little concrete .. 55 Nedergaard says. “It’s that dramatic.”
..
evidence to support any particular theory about what .. Nedergaard suggests that these results could explain
..
exactly happens during sleep that makes it worth these .. why people have trouble thinking clearly after a sleepless
..
risks. .. night and why a prolonged period of sleep deprivation can
..
What is clear is that without adequate sleep, animals .. kill an animal or person. The research could also offer a
..
10 have difficulty learning, perform more poorly on cognitive .. 60 new understanding of brain disorders such as Alzheimer’s
..
tests, experience reduced reaction time, and, in the most .. disease, because one of the substances flushed from the
extreme case, perish. Research has shown that sleep ..
.. brain during this self-cleaning process is beta amyloid, a
allows the brain to strengthen memories, muscles to repair, ..
.. substance that creates sticky plaques that are associated
and hormones to regulate. There is no serious argument ..
.. with the disease. “Isn’t it interesting,” Nedergaard says,
that sleep has restorative qualities, but what has remained ..
15 .. 65 “that Alzheimer’s and all other diseases associated with
unclear is why, exactly, sleep is restorative. .. dementia are linked to sleep disorders?”
..
Earlier this year, Maiken Nedergaard and a research ..
..
team from the University of Rochester Medical Center ..
..
provided experimental evidence at the cellular level that ..
.. Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Tracer Flow in the
20 sleep clears the brain of toxic metabolic byproducts. ..
.. Perivascular Areas of the Brain
Nedergaard and her team believe that this “waste removal ..
..
system” is one of the basic reasons for sleep and can .. sleeping
..
potentially answer the age-old question “what is the .. awake
Increasing CSF tracer intensity
..
purpose of sleep?” ..
..
25 The team’s research built on a 2012 discovery of the ..
glymphatic system, a pathway in the central nervous ..
..
system that removes functional waste from the brain and ..
..
spinal cord. The system is responsible for clearing soluble ..
..
proteins, excess extracellular fluid, and waste products. ..
..
30 Such removal is critical for removing interstitial proteins ..
..
in the brain that are linked to neurodegenerative diseases. ..
..
This cerebral housekeeping happens when an influx of ..
..
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulates through the brain and ..
..
flushes out interstitial proteins and other waste products ..
..
35 that build up in the space between brain cells and become .. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
..
toxic to the nervous system. .. Time (minutes)
..
For their 2013 research to test the glymphatic ..
..
system’s function during sleep, the researchers injected ..
..
fluorescent tracers into the CSF of mice and used imaging ..
and electrical brain monitoring to observe the tracer flow ..
40 ..
through the mice’s brains. The team discovered that when ..
..
the mice were asleep, the tracer flowed quickly, reaching a ..
..
high point in intensity after approximately half an hour of ..
..
sleep. However, when the mice were awake, the ..
..
45 CSF tracer barely flowed at all. The researchers ..
..
..
.
14 CONTINUE
1
..
43 .. 47
..
..
The main purpose of the passage is to .. When does the author indicate that the glymphatic
..
.. system was the least active in the brains of mice?
A) describe the negative effects of sleep deprivation. ..
..
B) describe evidence that reveals what happens in the .. A) When the mice were awake
..
brain during sleep. .. B) When the mice had been asleep for less than half an
..
C) explain the methods scientists used to image the .. hour
..
glymphatic system. .. C) When the mice had been asleep for more than half an
..
D) explain how the sleep cycle of mice is different from .. hour
..
that of humans. .. D) When the mice were sleep deprived
..
..
..
.. 48
44 ..
..
Over the course of the passage, the focus shifts from .. As used in lines 59–60, the phrase “a new understanding”
..
.. implies that
A) the use of electrical monitoring to a new method of ..
..
tracking brain activity. .. A) very few brain disorders are strongly linked to sleep
..
.. deprivation.
B) the discovery of the glymphatic system to an ..
examination of its function in the body. .. B) the benefits of sleep go beyond the brain and can be
..
.. seen throughout the entire body.
C) a discussion of a scientific mystery to evidence that ..
..
points to a possible explanation. .. C) scientists may not know everything about certain
..
D) a criticism of a scientific model to a new theory. .. brain disorders.
..
.. D) previous Alzheimer’s disease and dementia research
..
45 .. is no longer relevant.
..
..
.. 49
..
.. Which choice best supports the claim that brain cells
A) Lines 2–5 (“Animals . . . predators”) ..
.. shrink dramatically during sleep?
B) Lines 9–12 (“What is . . . perish”) ..
..
C) Lines 12–14 (“Research . . . regulate”) .. A) Lines 48–49 (“They . . . cells”)
..
.. B) Lines 49–51 (“The researchers . . . asleep”)
D) Lines 21–24 (“Nedergaard . . . sleep”) ..
.. C) Lines 56–59 (“Nedergaard . . . person”)
..
..
46 .. D) Lines 59–64 (“The research . . . disease”)
..
..
The author uses the phrase “housekeeping” (line 32) ..
.. 50
most likely to ..
..
.. According to the data in the figure, for which of the
A) illustrate the fact that the scientists worked diligently ..
.. following was CSF tracer intensity the greatest?
to keep their research facility in pristine condition. ..
.. A) Sleeping mice at 15 minutes
B) emphasize the idea that research methods must be ..
..
performed meticulously. .. B) Sleeping mice at 30 minutes
..
C) reinforce the idea that the self-cleaning function of .. C) Awake mice at 15 minutes
..
the brain is a regularly occurring event that keeps .. D) Awake mice at 30 minutes
..
things in good working order. ..
..
D) highlight the fact that mice are, by nature, animals ..
..
that like to maintain a clean habitat. ..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
15 CONTINUE
1
..
51 .. 52
..
..
The passage and the figure are in agreement that the flow .. What statement is best supported by the data presented in
..
of cerebrospinal fluid reached a high point in intensity at .. the figure?
..
approximately the ..
.. A) Cerebrospinal fluid flows at a significantly greater
A) 10th minute while awake. .. intensity in the brains of sleeping mice than in those
..
.. of awake mice.
B) 30th minute while awake. ..
..
C) 10th minute while asleep. .. B) Brain imaging and electrical monitoring are the best
..
D) 30th minute while asleep. .. tools scientists have to measure the flow of
..
.. cerebrospinal fluid.
..
.. C) The lack of cerebrospinal fluid flow in awake mice
..
.. supports the theory that sleep is restorative.
..
.. D) Cerebrospinal fluid flow in sleeping mice increases
..
.. in intensity during the first 30 minutes of sleep and
..
. then tapers off.
STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section in the book.
16
No test material on this page.
2
Writing and Language Test
DIRECTIONS
Each passage below is accompanied by a number of questions. For some questions, you will consider how the
passage might be revised to improve the expression of ideas. For other questions, you will consider how the
passage might be edited to correct errors in sentence structure, usage, or punctuation. A passage or a question
may be accompanied by one or more graphics (such as a table or graph) that you will consider as you make
revising and editing decisions.
Some questions will direct you to an underlined portion of a passage. Other questions will direct you to a
location in a passage or ask you to think about the passage as a whole.
After reading each passage, choose the answer to each question that most effectively improves the quality of
writing in the passage or that makes the passage conform to the conventions of standard written English. Many
questions include a “NO CHANGE” option. Choose that option if you think the best choice is to leave the
relevant portion of the passage as it is.
Questions 1–11 are based on the following passage and 1

supplementary material.
A) NO CHANGE
B) provides
Calling in the Birds C) had provided
Urban areas are typically associated with human D) will provide
structures and the people in them. Cities, however, are home
to more than just buildings and people; they are also home to 2
wildlife. Some animals, such as birds, raccoons, coyotes, and Which choice most effectively combines the two
sentences at the underlined portion?
squirrels, not only live but thrive in urban areas—and not just
A) area while they were watching and listening
in parks. Yards also 1 provide animal habitats. The
B) area, watching and listening
residential circumstances that allow creatures, specifically C) area, and this allowed them to watch and listen
birds, to thrive in a metropolis are the focus of a new study by D) area, allowing them to watch and listen
J. Amy Belaire, Ph.D., from St. Edward’s University’s Wild
Basin Creative Research Center in Austin, Texas.
To begin their research, Belaire and her team targeted
residential areas of Chicago, near the Chicago and Des
Plaines rivers. They walked through the 2 area. This
allowed them to watch and listen for birds and their songs.
18 CONTINUE
2
They discovered that 36 different bird species lived in the area, 3
some 3 of them were native, some migratory, and some A) NO CHANGE
non-native. The researchers then approached the people living B) birds
C) of which
in the area and 4 conversed with them about the various
D) DELETE the underlined portion.
wildlife they had recently seen. 5 However, the team was
curious about which yard conditions (such as the use of 4
pesticide and presence of pets) and elements (such trees, Which choice best completes the description of the
shrubs, and bird feeders) most attracted birds to the area. research method used by Belaire and her team?
The researchers found that 6 yards with plants with A) NO CHANGE
fruits or berries were more common than yards with flowers, B) polled them to see how willing they were to create a
wildlife habitat in their neighborhood.
vegetables, or herbs, and that, unsurprisingly, trees were most C) gave them a questionnaire about their knowledge and
important to the presence of birds. Yards that had both impressions of birds.
D) interviewed them about their landscaping and
deciduous and evergreen trees were more populated by native
yard-management choices.
and migratory bird species than yards that only had one or the
other. Fruit and berries also appeared to be supportive of 5
native bird species, and so did the absence of outdoor pets, A) NO CHANGE
especially cats. The team observed that when household pets B) In particular,
were allowed outside, native bird species moved out of the C) Therefore,
D) Nonetheless,
area. Surprisingly, the least attractive elements to birds were
those designed specifically to allure 7 them: birdhouses
6
and bird feeders.
Which choice most accurately and effectively represents
Yard Elements Present in Respondents’ Front the information in the graph?
or Back Yards A) NO CHANGE
B) evergreen trees were in less than 50 percent of the
deciduous trees 90% yards in the area,
evergreen trees 75% C) lawns and bushes were the most common yard
elements,
bushes 95% D) more people had yards with ground cover than had
yards with lawns,
plants with fruits or berries 55%
flowers, vegetables, or herbs 90% 7

A) NO CHANGE
ground cover (non-turfgrass) 70%
B) them;
lawn 98% C) them; and they are
D) them: being
Percent of respondents
19 CONTINUE
2
[1] Belaire’s findings indicate that people in urban areas 8
can make choices that may 8 encourage the presence of A) NO CHANGE
birds there. [2] Belaire’s research suggests that cities do not B) encourage, with support,
C) possibly encourage
have to rely solely on parks to attract such enriching wildlife.
D) encourage and promote
[3] Much research has been done concerning the “ecosystem
benefits” that birds offer to 9 people, from insect control, to 9
psychological well-being so it is clear that their presence in A) NO CHANGE
our environment is positive. [4] Rather, individuals can make B) people from insect control to psychological
choices about the conditions and elements of 10 their yards well-being,
C) people, from insect control to psychological
to create attractive havens for these creatures. [5] The study’s well-being
results have implications for outreach programs that educate D) people, from insect control to psychological
well-being,
people about how they can increase the diversity of bird
populations in their neighborhoods. 11
10
A) NO CHANGE
B) there
C) its
D) it’s
11
To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 2 should
be placed
A) where it is now.
B) after sentence 3.
C) after sentence 4.
D) after sentence 5.
20 CONTINUE
2
Questions 12–22 are based on the following passage. 12
Which choice provides the most appropriate introduction
Music to Employees’ Ears to the passage?
Employers are often looking for methods to enhance A) NO CHANGE
their employees’ efficiency. Often, these methods include the B) receive incentives for excellent performance
C) participate in office-wide health and fitness
usual suspects: incentives or bonuses for employees who meet programs
goals or even threats for those employees who fall short. But D) carpool to work with their fellow employees
some of the methods employers should consider may be
surprising. For example, research has revealed that employees 13
who 12 are allowed to incorporate music into the workday A) NO CHANGE

B) focused, and creative.
have greater productivity, 13 focus, and are more creative.
C) focus, and creativity.
Employers may be reluctant to allow employees to turn on the
D) focus, having more creativity.
radio or put on headphones, assuming that the input may be
distracting and counterproductive, and under certain 14
circumstances it can be. 14 Consequently, allowing workers A) NO CHANGE
to listen to music that complements the task at hand is B) However,
worthwhile. C) Additionally,
D) Thus,
One benefit of music in the workplace is that it can
positively affect 15 employees moods. When workers listen
15
to happy music, their attitudes improve, leading to greater
A) NO CHANGE
productivity. A study of factory employees revealed that B) employees mood’s.
workers were most efficient when their tasks were C) employee’s moods’.
D) employees’ moods.
21 CONTINUE
2
accompanied by upbeat music. 16 Music has a positive 16
influence, in part, because melodious sounds trigger the At this point, the writer is considering adding the
following sentence.
release of dopamine, creating positive emotions in the
Factory work arose during the Industrial
pleasure center of the brain. According to Dr. Amit Sood, a
Revolution, an era that led to vast
physician at the Mayo Clinic, when employees feel happier, improvements in the construction of musical
instruments.
they are more likely to be focused on the present moment
Should the writer make this addition here?
instead of dwelling 17 about “the imperfections of life.”
A) Yes, because it explains music’s positive influence
Aside from improving mood, music can also help employees
referred to in the next sentence.
concentrate. In an office setting, music enables workers to B) Yes, because it supplies historical information that
18 negotiate effectively with vendors and save the company will be discussed in the rest of the paragraph.
C) No, because it does not offer specific information
money. The benefits extend beyond the office. A recent study about which musical instruments were improved.
in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that D) No, because it interrupts the discussion of music’s
surgeons work more accurately when listening to music they effect on mood.
enjoy.
17
Researchers stress that the type of music that employees
A) NO CHANGE
B) on
C) with
18
Which choice best supports the statement made in the
previous sentence?
A) NO CHANGE
B) block out distracting background noise and focus on
the task at hand.
C) feel revved up and rejoice in their accomplishments.
D) open up socially and communicate joyfully with
coworkers.
22 CONTINUE
2
listen to while working 19 is important. 20 Employees see 19
positive effects when choosing their own music. These are A) NO CHANGE
worse for workers who have no say in what they are listening B) are
C) is being
to. In fact, if they have no choice, the music-listening
D) have been
experience may have the opposite effect, irritating or fatiguing
employees. 20
Headphones, then, can be an important workplace tool In context, which choice best combines the underlined
for eliciting more efficient output from employees who have sentences?
their personal music libraries 21 of their own at their A) Choosing their own music, in fact, is why employees
see positive effects for those workers but not for
fingertips. Headphones can be especially valuable in open- workers who have no say.
plan workspaces, 22 these lack cubicles or other forms of B) Choosing their own music, employees see greater
privacy. While critics may argue that wearing headphones positive effects than workers who have no say in
what they are listening to.
defeats the purpose of an open plan, which is to encourage C) When employees choose their own music, the
collaboration, these devices, and the music that comes positive effects are greater than when workers have
no say in what they are listening to.
through them, facilitate improved moods, heighten focus, and
D) There are positive effects when employees can
increase productivity. choose the music they listen to, but when they cannot
choose, the effects are less positive.
21
A) NO CHANGE
B) special to them
C) that belong to them
22
A) NO CHANGE
B) they lack
C) that lack
D) which lack
23 CONTINUE
2
A) NO CHANGE
Rain Room B) However,
—1 — C) For instance,
When I recently visited the Museum of Modern Art in D) On the one hand,
New York City, I was expecting to be enthralled by the famous

24
paintings in the museum’s collection. 23 Nevertheless, I was
A) NO CHANGE
looking forward to seeing 24 painter, Salvador Dali’s iconic
B) painter, Salvador Dali’s,
surrealist piece The Persistence of Memory. Surprisingly, the C) painter Salvador Dali’s,
exhibit I enjoyed most at the museum was perhaps 25 its D) painter Salvador Dali’s
least familiar; Rain Room.
—2 — 25
Walking through the installation, I was impressed with A) NO CHANGE

B) its least familiar:
the accuracy of the sensors that detect human 26 forms, they
C) it’s least familiar;
halt the rain when bodies move through the space. Wherever I D) it’s least familiar,
moved in the room, I was surrounded by a dry berth of about
six feet in all directions. The same was true for everyone in 26
the 27 room. Our bodies were surrounded by patches of A) NO CHANGE
dryness, though the rest of the room was soaked. B) forms,
C) forms and
D) forms, the sensors
27
Which choice most effectively combines the sentences at
the underlined portion?
A) room: our
B) room, but our
C) room whereas
D) room their
24 CONTINUE
2
28 Reaching out to catch a few drops, the sensors did their 28
job by keeping my palms water-free. A) NO CHANGE
—3 — B) The sensors, reaching out to catch a few drops, did
their job by keeping my palms water-free.
Rain Room is an immersive installation that fills a 2,500- C) Keeping my palms water-free, I reached out to catch
square-foot room with approximately 2,500 liters of water. a few drops, but the sensors did their job.
D) I reached out to catch a few drops, but the sensors
The floor of the exhibit is lined with metal drains, the walls
did their job by keeping my palms water-free.
are black and unadorned, and 29 the ceiling houses several
controllable water spouts. Water perpetually falls from these 29
spouts in steady streams, mimicking a downpour. 30 What Which choice most closely matches the stylistic pattern
makes this rainstorm unique is that a small radius of water established earlier in the sentence?
pauses when it detects a human body, allowing museumgoers A) NO CHANGE

B) several controllable water spouts on the ceiling.
to walk through the rain and stay completely dry. Patrons
C) the ceiling with its several controllable water spouts.
carve their own dry path out of the torrent, experiencing the D) the ceiling, which has several controllable water
water pouring all around them as they make their way through spouts on it.
the room.
—4 — 30
But the room is about more than just water that starts and At this point, the writer is considering adding the
following sentence.
stops. The artists have incorporated sensory elements to
In 2015, the average rainfall for the
create a specific ambiance in the room. For example, the contiguous United States was 34.47 inches,
room is dark except for specially placed lights that create making 2015 the third wettest year on
record.
silhouettes that move around the room like mysterious
A) Yes, because it provides historical context for the
Rain Room exhibit.
B) Yes, because it explains why Rain Room’s artists
chose rain over all other climate conditions.
C) No, because it suggests that Rain Room does not
belong in such an esteemed museum.
D) No, because it interrupts the paragraph’s description
of the exhibit.
25 CONTINUE
2
shadows, and 31 those are created by the other people 31
walking around the room with you. Inside the room, I felt as if Which choice gives a second supporting example that is
most similar to the example already in the sentence?
I were in a place that was at once brand new and familiar.
A) NO CHANGE
—5 —
B) the steady sound of water hitting the metal floor is
As I exited the exhibit, I noticed a long line of strangely calming.
museumgoers waiting for their turn to enter Rain Room. As I C) the exhibit’s entrance is near the cafe at the front of
the museum.
walked past, I overheard a 32 patrons’ comment, “I’m in a
D) it reminded me of the last time I was in a rainstorm
museum full of famous paintings and sculptures, yet I’m at night during winter.
waiting for hours to stand in rain.” Indeed, it may seem
counterintuitive to experience something as mundane as rain 32
in a museum full of artistic masterpieces; however, the A) NO CHANGE

B) patron commented,
engaging and immersive elements of the exhibit make the
C) patrons commenting,
ordinary extraordinary. D) patron comment,
Question 33 asks about the previous passage as a whole.

Think about the previous passage as a whole as you answer
question 33.
33
To make the passage most logical, paragraph 2 should be
placed
A) where it is now.
B) after paragraph 3.
C) after paragraph 4.
D) after paragraph 5.
26 CONTINUE
2
A) NO CHANGE
Skip the Gym, Lose the Weight B) benefits such as,
Physical activity has many positive health 34 benefits, C) benefits, such as
D) benefits, such as:
such as, improving cholesterol and reducing mental stress. It
is also often touted as a critical tool in the fight against
35
obesity, and leading health organizations, such as the
A) NO CHANGE
Department of Health and Human Services, recommend that
B) many people exercise
adults exercise moderately at least 150 minutes per week. As C) having exercised
a result, 35 exercising because they believe it will help them D) to exercise
lose weight. Scientific research, 36 therefore, does not
support the claim that exercise leads to weight loss. 36
Proponents of exercise for weight loss claim that the A) NO CHANGE

B) accordingly,
body burns calories while expending energy during physical
C) however,
activity, creating a calorie deficit in the body, and that this D) moreover,
deficit leads to weight loss. However, research challenges this
37 notion and suggests that exercise alone is not a reliable 37
tool in fighting obesity. 38 Likewise, a study published in A) NO CHANGE
the International Journal of Epidemiology suggests that there B) realization
C) oration
is not an association between energy expenditure and weight
D) rumination
38
A) NO CHANGE
B) For instance,
C) Therefore,
D) In addition,
27 CONTINUE
2
loss. 39 The study’s authors, Richard S. Cooper, M.D. and 39
Amy Luke, Ph.D., report that years of research have shown At this point, the writer is considering adding the
following sentence.
that people lose no more weight when combining exercise and
The prestigious Centers for Disease Control
calorie restriction than when restricting calories alone.
and Prevention reports that jogging at a
These findings are supported by recent research out of moderate pace of 5 miles per hour burns
590 calories an hour for an average-sized
City University of New York, where researchers in
adult.
anthropology 40 have found that, contrary to popular belief,
exercise has little effect on daily energy expenditure,
A) Yes, because it adds relevant information from a
especially for people who are already 41 active an amount reputable source.
that is considerable. It appears that people on the high end of B) Yes, because it supports the claim made in the
previous sentence.
the activity spectrum adapt to increased exercise and thus C) No, because it is not directly relevant to the issue of a
receive little to no benefit in terms of calories burned. What connection between energy expenditure and weight
loss.
the additional activity does do, according to researchers, is
D) No, because it suggests that only jogging is an
effective way of losing weight.
40
A) NO CHANGE
B) has
C) is having
D) have been
41
A) NO CHANGE
B) considerably and thus more than just moderately
active.
C) active to a considerable degree by exercising.
D) considerably active.
28 CONTINUE
2
increase appetite. 42 42
To the dismay of many who exercise to lose weight, At this point, the writer wants to further reinforce the
paragraph’s claim about the health effects of physical
scientific evidence indicates that moving one’s body does not
activity. Which choice most effectively accomplishes
lead to a drop in pounds. Supporters of physical activity this goal?
maintain that an active lifestyle is healthier for the body than A) Likewise, some dietary supplements, such as those
used by professional bodybuilders, can be combined
43 people who lead a sedentary one and that 44 their are
with exercise to increase body mass.
numerous other benefits to exercise beyond combating obesity, B) This is not to say that exercise is a bad thing, but it
such as reducing high blood pressure and reducing risk for often does not lead to significant weight loss.
C) Burning calories triggers the body to replenish them
type 2 diabetes, heart attacks, and some cancers. Exercise is with increased food intake, thus stymieing efforts to
also known to reduce the symptoms associated with lose weight.
depression and anxiety. In addition, exercise, whether playing D) When people have an appetite for and indulge in
foods they love, they find that their mood changes for
tennis with friends or joining a pick-up game of basketball, the better, encouraging them to exercise more.
can be a social experience. While research supports many of
these claims, it remains clear that people looking to lose 43
weight by exercising are unlikely to see the results they seek A) NO CHANGE
with all of their time spent at the gym. B) leading
C) people with
44
A) NO CHANGE
B) there are
C) there is
D) their is
STOP
29
3
Math Test – No Calculator
DIRECTIONS
For questions 1–15, solve each problem, choose the best answer from the choices provided, and fill in the
corresponding circle on your answer sheet. For questions 16–20, solve the problem and enter your answer in
the grid on the answer sheet. Please refer to the directions before question 16 on how to enter your answers in
the grid. You may use any available space in this section of your test booklet for scratch work.
NOTES
• The use of a calculator is not permitted.

• All variables and expressions used represent real numbers unless otherwise indicated.
• Figures provided in this test are drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated.
• All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated.
• Unless otherwise indicated, the domain of a given function 𝘧 is the set of all real numbers 𝘹 for which 𝘧 (𝘹)
is a real number.
REFERENCE
𝑠√2
𝑟
ℓ 𝑐 2𝑥 60° 𝑥 𝑠 45°
ℎ 𝑏
𝑤
30° 45°
𝑏 𝑎 𝑠
𝑥√3
1
𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2 𝐴 = ℓ𝑤 𝐴 = 𝑏ℎ 𝑐2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 Special Right Triangles
2
𝐶 = 2𝜋𝑟
ℎ 𝑟 𝑟 ℎ ℎ
ℎ 𝑤
𝑤 𝑟
ℓ ℓ
4 1 1
𝑉 = ℓ𝑤ℎ 𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ 𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 3 𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ 𝑉= ℓ𝑤ℎ
3 3 3
The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.
The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2𝜋.
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.
30 CONTINUE
3
..
1 .. 3
..
𝑡 𝑡 ..
If + 3 = 5, what is the value of ? .. 1 1
𝑐 2 𝑐 4 = 𝑐𝑛
..
2 8 ..
..
1 .. If the equation above is true for values of 𝑐 greater than
A) ..
16 .. or equal to 0, what is the value of 𝑛 ?
..
..
B)
1 .. 1
.. A)
8 .. 8
..
1 .. 1
C) .. B)
4 ..
.. 6
..
1 .. 1
D) .. C)
2 .. 4
..
..
.. D)
3
..
.. 4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.. 4
..
..
.. A construction company is hired to install ceramic tiles
2 ..
.. to create the floor of a home. Each of the tiles is a square
..
At a university, the number of physics classes is 12 less .. with sides of length 𝑠 feet. The company uses the
..
than twice the number of chemistry classes. If there are .. expression 2.2𝑛𝑠2 + 23ℎ to determine the price, in
..
26 physics classes at the university, how many chemistry .. dollars, of installing 𝑛 of the ceramic tiles, where ℎ is the
..
classes are there at the university? .. number of hours needed to complete the installation.
..
A) 7 .. What is the meaning of the number 2.2 in this
..
.. expression?
B) 19 ..
..
C) 32 .. A) The price of the tiles in dollars per square foot
..
D) 40 .. B) The number of tiles that can be installed per hour
..
.. C) The number of tiles needed to complete the
..
.. installation
..
..
.. D) The number of hours needed to complete the
..
.. installation
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
31 CONTINUE
3
..
5 .. 7
..
..
2𝑥 + 5 1 .. An online retailer charges a shipping fee for each order.
If = , what is the value of 8𝑥 ? ..
𝑥−1 4 .. The fee is equal to $4.00 plus an additional $1.20 for
..
A) −24 .. each item ordered. The shipping fee for an order with
..
.. 8 items is how much greater than the shipping fee for an
B) −21 ..
.. order with 2 items?
C) 21 ..
.. A) $7.20
D) 24 ..
..
.. B) $9.50
..
.. C) $10.00
..
.. D) $11.20
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
6 ..
..
..
4𝑥 − 𝑦 = 21 ..
.. 8
2𝑥 − 5𝑦 = 15 ..
..
.. 2𝑡 2 − 12𝑡 − 4 = 0
..
According to the system of equations above, what is the ..
..
value of 2𝑥 + 𝑦 ? .. What is the sum of all values of 𝑡 that satisfy the equation
..
.. above?
A) −11 ..
.. A) −12
B) 3 ..
..
C) 9 .. B) −6
..
D) 31 .. C) 6
..
.. D) 12
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
32 CONTINUE
3
..
9 .. 11
..
..
In the 𝑥𝑦-plane, the graph of 𝑦 = 2(𝑥 + 𝑐)(𝑥 − 3𝑐) is a .. Which of the following complex numbers is equivalent
..
parabola, where 𝑐 is a nonzero constant. If the vertex of .. 7 + 2𝑖
.. to ? (Note: 𝑖 = √−1)
the parabola is (𝑎, 𝑏), which of the following is equal ..
.. 2 − 3𝑖
to 𝑎 ? ..
.. 7 2
.. A) − 𝑖
A) −4𝑐 .. 2 3
..
B) −2𝑐 .. 7 2
.. B) + 𝑖
C) 𝑐 ..
.. 2 3
D) ..
2𝑐 .. 8 25
.. C) − 𝑖
.. 13 13
..
..
.. 8 25
.. D) + 𝑖
.. 13 13
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
10 ..
..
..
𝑎𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 8 ..
..
..
5𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 10 .. 12
..
..
In the system of equations above, 𝑎 and 𝑏 are constants. .. In the 𝑥𝑦-plane, line ℓ passes through the points (𝑝, 𝑘 + 2)
..
If the system has infinitely many solutions, what is the .. and (𝑝 + 3, 𝑘 − 2), where 𝑝 and 𝑘 are constants. Which of
..
value of 𝑎 + 𝑏 ? .. the following could be an equation of line ℓ ?
..
..
A) 10 .. 3
A) 𝑦 = − 𝑥 − 4
..
.. 2
..
41 .. 4
B) .. B) 𝑦 = − 𝑥 + 1
4 ..
.. 3
..
C)
45 .. 3
.. C) 𝑦 = 𝑥+2
4 .. 4
..
..
D) 18 .. D) 𝑦 =
4 5
.. 𝑥−
.. 3 2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
33 CONTINUE
3
..
13 .. 14
..
..
74 7𝑥 2+𝑥+𝑐 .. 4𝑥 2 − 3𝑝𝑥 = 1
7𝑥 + = − 22 ..
𝑥−3 𝑥−3 ..
..
.. In the equation above, 𝑝 is a constant. For what values
If the equation above is true for all values of 𝑥 ≠ 3, ..
.. of 𝑥 is the equation true?
where 𝑐 is a constant, what is the value of 𝑐 ? ..
..
.. −3𝑝 ± √9𝑝2 − 16
A) −25 .. A) 𝑥 =
.. 8
B) −8 ..
..
.. −3𝑝 ± √9𝑝2 + 16
C) 8 .. B) 𝑥 =
.. 8
D) 25 ..
..
.. 3𝑝 ± √9𝑝2 − 16
.. C) 𝑥 =
.. 8
..
..
.. 3𝑝 ± √9𝑝2 + 16
.. D) 𝑥 =
..
.. 8
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.. 15
..
..
.. For a polynomial 𝑝(𝑥), the value of 𝑝(5) is −1. Which of
..
.. the following must be true?
..
..
.. A) The remainder when 𝑝(𝑥) is divided by 𝑥 − 5 is −1.
..
.. B) The remainder when 𝑝(𝑥) is divided by 𝑥 − 1 is −5.
..
..
.. C) The remainder when 𝑝(𝑥) is divided by 𝑥 + 1 is 5.
..
.. D) The remainder when 𝑝(𝑥) is divided by 𝑥 + 5 is 1.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
34 CONTINUE
3
5
Answer: Answer: 1.2
DIRECTIONS 18
Write answer
For questions 16–20, solve the in boxes.
5 / 1 8 1 . 2
Fraction
problem and enter your answer in the / / / /
line Decimal
grid, as described below, on the answer . . . . . . . .
point
sheet. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1. Although not required, it is
Grid in 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
suggested that you write your
result. 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
answer in the boxes at the top of
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
the columns to help you fill in the
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
circles accurately. You will
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
receive credit only if the circles
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
are filled in correctly.
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
2. Mark no more than one circle in
any column. 2
3. No question has a negative Acceptable ways to grid are:
3
answer.
2 / 3 . 6 6 6 . 6 6 7
4. Some problems may have more
than one correct answer. In such / / / / / /
cases, grid only one answer. . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5. Mixed numbers such as 3 must
2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
be gridded as 3.5 or 7/2. (If 31/2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
is entered into the grid, it will be 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
31 1
interpreted as , not 3 .) 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
2 2
6. Decimal answers: If you obtain a 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
decimal answer with more digits 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
than the grid can accommodate, 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
it may be either rounded or

truncated, but it must fill the Answer: 130 – either position is correct
entire grid. 1 3 0 1 3 0 Note: You may
/ / / / start your
. . . . . . . . answers in any
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 column, space
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 permitting.
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Columns not
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 needed should be
left blank.
35 CONTINUE
3
..
16 .. 19
..
..
𝑥−𝑛 1 .. A television network fills breaks between television
= ..
𝑚 8 .. programs with short and long advertisements. Each long
..
.. advertisement is 10 seconds longer than each short
1 ..
In the equation above, 𝑚 = 18 and 𝑛 = . What is the .. advertisement. If 7 short advertisements and 3 long
2 .. advertisements are used to fill a break 3 minutes long,
..
value of 𝑥 ? .. what is the length, in seconds, of each short
..
.. advertisement?
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
17 ..
..
..
𝑥 2 + 28 = 11𝑥 ..
..
..
What is one possible solution to the equation above? ..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
18 .. 20
..
..
.. 𝐵
𝑏° ..
..
..
𝑐° ..
..
..
..
.. 𝐴 𝐶
..
..
.. In the figure, the length of segment 𝐴𝐵 is 30, and the
..
.. value of sin 𝐴 is 0.27. What is the value of cos 𝐵 ?
𝑎° ..
..
..
..
Note: Figure not drawn to scale. ..
..
..
..
In the figure above, an equilateral triangle and an ..
..
𝑎 ..
isosceles triangle share a side. If 𝑏 = − 12, what is the ..
2 ..
..
value of 𝑐 ? ..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
STOP
36
4
Math Test – Calculator
DIRECTIONS
For questions 1–30, solve each problem, choose the best answer from the choices provided, and fill in the
corresponding circle on your answer sheet. For questions 31–38, solve the problem and enter your answer in
the grid on the answer sheet. Please refer to the directions before question 31 on how to enter your answers in
the grid. You may use any available space in this section of your test booklet for scratch work.
NOTES
• The use of a calculator is permitted.

• All variables and expressions used represent real numbers unless otherwise indicated.
• Figures provided in this test are drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated.
• All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated.
• Unless otherwise indicated, the domain of a given function 𝘧 is the set of all real numbers 𝘹 for which 𝘧 (𝘹)
is a real number.
REFERENCE
𝑠√2
𝑟
ℓ 𝑐 2𝑥 60° 𝑥 𝑠 45°
ℎ 𝑏
𝑤
30° 45°
𝑏 𝑎 𝑠
𝑥√3
1
𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2 𝐴 = ℓ𝑤 𝐴 = 𝑏ℎ 𝑐2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 Special Right Triangles
2
𝐶 = 2𝜋𝑟
ℎ 𝑟 𝑟 ℎ ℎ
ℎ 𝑤
𝑤 𝑟
ℓ ℓ
4 1 1
𝑉 = ℓ𝑤ℎ 𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ 𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 3 𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ 𝑉= ℓ𝑤ℎ
3 3 3
The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.
The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2𝜋.
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.
38 CONTINUE
4
..
1 .. 2
..
..
On the first day of each month, a state announced a new .. 2 2
.. If 𝑥 − 10 = 𝑥, what is the value of 𝑥 ?
interest rate for people who purchased state bonds. The .. 3 5
..
graph below shows the interest rates during a particular .. A) −5
..
year. ..
..
.. 5
State bond interest rates .. B) −
.. 2
..
3 ..
.. 5
Interest rate (percent)
.. C)
.. 2
..
2 .. 75
.. D)
.. 2
..
..
1 ..
..
..
..
..
0 ..
..
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ..
Months after January 1 ..
..
..
..
Based on the graph, which of the following best ..
..
describes the general trend in the interest rate during the ..
..
year shown? ..
..
..
A) The interest rate generally decreased each month ..
..
during the year. ..
..
B) The interest rate generally increased each month ..
.. 3
during the year. ..
..
.. Of the 248 employees at a company, approximately
C) The interest rate decreased until May 1 and then ..
.. 18 percent have a graduate degree, and approximately
generally increased. ..
.. 29 percent of the employees that have a graduate degree
D) The interest rate generally remained constant .. have a doctoral degree. Which of the following is closest
..
throughout the year. .. to the number of employees at the company that have a
..
.. doctoral degree?
..
..
.. A) 13
..
.. B) 45
..
..
.. C) 72
..
.. D) 117
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
39 CONTINUE
4
..
4 .. 6
..
..
If 𝑓 is a linear function, 𝑓(2) = 5, and 𝑓(3) = 9, which of .. Ethan’s Saturday
..
the following defines 𝑓 ? .. 1.5
..
..
Distance from
home (miles)
A) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 4 ..
.. 1
B) 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 1 ..
..
C) 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 1 ..
.. 0.5
..
D) 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 − 3 ..
.. 0
..
.. 8:00 a.m. 10:00 a.m. 12:00 p.m. 2:00 p.m.
.. Time
..
..
..
.. On Saturday morning, Ethan walked from his home to
..
.. his school for soccer practice. After soccer practice, he
..
.. walked from his school to a studio for his violin lesson.
..
.. After his violin lesson, he walked home. Which of the
..
.. following is closest to the time, in minutes, he spent at
..
.. the studio?
5 ..
.. A) 35
..
Size ..
Total .. B) 50
Item type Small Medium Large ..
.. C) 65
..
Popcorn 38 15 21 74 .. D) 80
..
Drink 24 27 35 86 ..
..
..
Total 62 42 56 160 ..
..
..
..
At a movie theater, both popcorn and drinks are sold in ..
..
three sizes: small, medium, and large. The table above ..
..
shows the distribution for 160 items purchased one night ..
..
at the movie theater. If one of these items is chosen at ..
..
random, what is the probability that it is a small or ..
..
medium popcorn or a large drink? .. 7
..
..
A)
55 .. A refinery sells steel wire at a price of $6.56 for every
..
160 .. 8 kilograms. Which of the following is closest to the
..
72 .. number of kilograms of steel wire with a total price
B) ..
160 .. of $2,250?
..
..
88 .. A) 40
C) ..
160 .. B) 340
..
.. C) 1,850
D)
141 ..
.. D) 2,740
160 ..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
40 CONTINUE
4
..
.. 9
..
Questions 8–9 refer to the following information. ..
.. For which of the eight planets in the table is the ratio of
..
.. the orbital period to the rotational period the least?
Orbital period Rotational period ..
Planet ..
(Earth days) (Earth days) .. A) Venus
..
.. B) Earth
Mercury 88 58.65 ..
.. C) Jupiter
Venus 225 243.03 ..
..
.. D) Neptune
Earth 365 1.00 ..
..
Mars 687 1.03 ..
..
Jupiter 4,333 0.41 ..
..
..
Saturn 10,759 0.44 ..
..
Uranus 30,689 0.72 ..
..
Neptune 60,182 0.67 ..
..
..
..
The table above summarizes the approximate orbital periods ..
..
and rotational periods, both in 24-hour Earth days, for the ..
..
eight planets in the Solar System. The orbital period of a ..
..
planet in the Solar System is the time that planet takes to orbit ..
..
the Sun. The rotational period of a planet is the time it takes ..
..
the planet to rotate about its axis. For example, Mercury ..
..
orbits the Sun once every 88 Earth days and rotates once every ..
..
58.65 Earth days. .. 10
..
..
..
8 .. ℎ = 2.13 + 0.45𝑡
..
..
For every time Saturn orbits the Sun, approximately how .. A gardener estimates that the height of a tree can be
many times does Mars orbit the Sun? ..
.. modeled by the equation above, where the height of the
..
A) 2 .. tree is ℎ meters and 𝑡 is the time, in years, after 2012.
..
.. What is the meaning of the number 2.13 in the equation?
B) 4 ..
..
C) 8 .. A) The total number of years the tree had been growing
..
D) 16 .. by 2012
..
.. B) The height of the tree, in meters, in 2012
..
.. C) The number of meters the tree grows per year
..
..
.. D) The greatest possible height of the tree in meters
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
41 CONTINUE
4
..
11 .. 13
..
..
One gallon of paint can be used to paint approximately .. A bank currently has approximately 1,750,000 open
..
360 square feet. A school has 28 classrooms, each with .. accounts and uses a computer to prepare a summary of
..
865 square feet to be painted. Which of the following is .. the previous month’s transactions for each account. The
..
closest to the number of gallons of paint necessary to .. computer can prepare summaries for 300 accounts each
paint all 28 classrooms? .. second. At this rate, approximately how many minutes
..
.. will it take to prepare the summaries for all open
A) 31 ..
.. accounts?
..
B) 52 ..
.. A) 13.4
C) 68 ..
..
D) 74 .. B) 97.2
..
.. C) 2,332.8
..
.. D) 5,833.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
12 ..
.. 14
..
If 𝑦 = (3𝑥 + 2)(2𝑥 − 𝑎), where 𝑎 is a constant, which of ..
.. At a fabric shop, ribbon costs $0.08 per inch. Which of
the following gives 𝑎 in terms of 𝑥 and 𝑦 ? ..
.. the following equations represents the total cost 𝑐, in
..
A) 3𝑥 + 2 − 𝑦 .. dollars, for 𝑓 feet of the ribbon? (1 foot = 12 inches)
..
..
.. A) 𝑐 = 0.08𝑓 + 12
..
B) 6𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 𝑦 ..
..
..
.. B) 𝑐 = 0.08(𝑓 + 12)
6𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 ..
C) ..
..
𝑦 ..
.. 𝑓
.. C) 𝑐 = 0.08
𝑦 .. ( 12 )
D) 2𝑥 − ..
3𝑥 + 2 ..
..
.. D) 𝑐 = 0.08(12𝑓)
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
42 CONTINUE
4
..
.. 16
..
.. For what number of students is the required number of
..
.. computers according to the school administrator’s
𝑐 = 80 + 0.6𝑠 ..
.. equation equal to the number of computers required by
..
.. the state law?
A school administrator uses the equation above to determine ..
.. A) 208
the number of computers, 𝑐, required to open a new school ..
with 𝑠 students. A state law says that the total number of ..
.. B) 320
computers in a new school must be at least 0.64 times the ..
.. C) 1,224
number of students in the school. ..
.. D) 2,000
..
..
15 ..
..
..
If the price of each computer is $𝑝, which of the ..
..
following expressions gives the price, in dollars, of the ..
..
computers required by the school administrator to open a ..
..
new school with 𝑠 students? ..
..
A) 80 + 0.6𝑝𝑠 ..
..
..
..
..
B) 80𝑝 + 0.6𝑝𝑠 ..
..
..
..
..
C) 80 +
0.6𝑠 ..
..
𝑝 ..
..
..
D)
80 + 0.6𝑠 ..
..
𝑝 ..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
43 CONTINUE
4
..
17 .. 18
..
..
𝑦 .. Population and Area of United States Cities
..
.. 5
𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑥) ..
..
..
..
.. 4
..
..
Population (millions)
𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) ..
..
.. 3
..
1 ..
..
𝑥 ..
.. 2
1 ..
..
..
..
.. 1
..
The complete graphs of the functions 𝑓 and 𝑔 are shown ..
..
in the 𝑥𝑦-plane above. If 𝑏 is a constant such that ..
.. 0
𝑓(𝑏) = 𝑔(𝑏), which of the following could be the value ..
.. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
of 𝑓(𝑏) ? .. Area (square miles)
..
..
A) 1 ..
.. The scatterplot above shows the area, in square miles,
..
.. and the population, in millions, for 15 cities in the United
..
B) 2 .. States. The line of best fit is also shown. Which of the
..
.. following is closest to the population of a city in the
..
C)
5 .. United States with an area of 25 square miles predicted
..
2 .. by the line of best fit?
..
..
D) 4 .. A) 2,730,000
..
.. B) 2,910,000
..
.. C) 3,340,000
..
..
.. D) 3,860,000
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
44 CONTINUE
4
..
19 .. 21
..
..
𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥2 + 2𝑥 − 15 .. The sum of three numbers is 558. One of the numbers, 𝑥,
..
𝑥2 .. is half the second number and one-sixth the third number.
𝑞(𝑥) = − 4𝑥 + 3 ..
.. What is the value of 𝑥 ?
..
The polynomials 𝑝(𝑥) and 𝑞(𝑥) are defined above. Which ..
.. A) 62
of the following is a factor of 𝑝(𝑥) + 𝑞(𝑥) ? ..
.. B) 186
..
A) 𝑥−6 .. C) 279
..
B) .. D) 335
𝑥−1 ..
..
C) 𝑥+2 ..
..
D) 𝑥+5 ..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.. 22
..
..
.. Researchers are testing a medication that they believe
..
.. will help prevent pet dogs from getting fleas. From a
20 ..
.. large population of owners of pet dogs, 240 people are
..
A lumber company plans to harvest trees for wood from .. chosen at random. Half of them are given the medication
..
a forest that the company owns. Of the following four .. and told to administer it to their dogs. The other half do
..
approaches to harvesting, which would result in .. not treat their dogs. After a month, the researchers
..
exponential decay of the number of trees in the forest? .. determine that the dogs that were treated with the
..
.. medication have significantly fewer fleas than the
A) Each successive year, the company cuts down ..
.. untreated dogs. Based on the design and results of the
1,500 trees and does not plant any new trees. ..
.. study, which of the following is an appropriate
B) Each successive year, the company cuts down a ..
.. conclusion?
number of trees equal to 10% of the number of trees ..
.. A) The medication is better than any other method of
originally in the forest. ..
.. preventing fleas on pet dogs.
C) Each successive year, the company cuts down ..
..
1,200 trees and plants a number of trees equal to .. B) The medication is likely to help prevent any type of
..
10% of the number of trees originally in the forest. .. pet from getting fleas.
..
.. C) The medication is likely to reduce the number of
D) Each successive year, the company cuts down 12% ..
.. fleas on pet dogs.
of the trees in the forest at that time and does not ..
plant any new trees. .. D) The medication will always prevent a pet dog from
..
.. getting fleas.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
45 CONTINUE
4
..
23 .. 25
..
..
Ms. Clemente bought 𝑛 pizzas, each with 8 slices, for the .. 𝑥+𝑦<2
..
members of the swim team. If each member of the swim .. 𝑥>0
..
team eats 3 slices of pizza, there will be 11 slices left ..
..
over. In order for each member of the swim team to eat .. Based on the inequalities above, which of the following
4 slices, Ms. Clemente will need an additional 12 slices. ..
.. must be true?
How many members of the swim team are there? ..
..
.. I. 𝑦 < 0
A) 23 ..
.. II. 𝑥 > 𝑦
..
B) 32 .. III. |𝑥 + 𝑦| < 2
..
C) 41 ..
.. A) None
D) 48 ..
.. B) I only
..
.. C) III only
..
..
.. D) II and III
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
24 ..
..
..
𝐵 ..
..
..
𝑦° ..
..
..
.. 26
..
𝑥° .. A container for a water cooler is in the shape of a right
𝐴 𝐶 ..
.. circular cylinder. The volume of the container is
..
.. 5.2 gallons, and the internal diameter of the container is
In the figure above, triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 is a right triangle. If ..
.. 12 inches. What is the internal height, in inches, of the
𝑟 𝑟+4 ..
sin (𝑥°) = and cos (𝑦°) = , where 𝑟 is a constant, .. container? (1 gallon = 231 cubic inches)
..
5 15 ..
what is the value of 𝑟 ? .. A) 2.66
..
.. B) 3.24
A) 2 ..
..
B) 5 .. C) 8.18
..
.. D) 10.62
C) 6 ..
..
D) 10 ..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
46 CONTINUE
4
..
27 .. 28
..
..
.. In the 𝑥𝑦-plane, the line determined by the points (1, 1)
𝑡
24,000(1.05) 8
..
.. and (2, 4) passes through the point (𝑘 − 3, 𝑘 + 3). What
..
An economist uses the expression above to estimate the .. is the value of 𝑘 ?
..
yearly energy use per person, in kilowatt hours, 𝑡 years .. A) 3
..
after 2016. According to this expression, which of the ..
.. B) 6
following best describes the expected increase in the ..
.. C) 7
energy use per person? ..
.. D) 10
A) The energy use per person will increase by 5 percent ..
..
each year. ..
..
..
B) The energy use per person will increase by ..
..
40 percent each year. ..
..
C) The energy use per person will increase by 5 percent ..
..
every 8 years. ..
..
D) The energy use per person will increase by ..
..
105 percent every 8 years. ..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
47 CONTINUE
4
..
29 .. 30
..
..
Both the length and the width of a rectangle are .. Davis Franklin
..
decreased by 𝑑 percent. If the result is a 36 percent .. Gender Elementary Elementary
..
decrease in the area of the rectangle, what is the value .. School School
..
of 𝑑 ? ..
.. Female
A) 6 ..
.. Male
..
B) 8 .. Total 76 132
..
C) 20 ..
..
D) 36 .. Last year, the current seventh-grade students at Wilson
..
.. Middle School all attended either Davis Elementary
..
.. School or Franklin Elementary School, and the
..
.. incomplete table above summarizes these seventh-grade
..
.. students. Twice as many of the seventh-grade female
..
.. students attended Franklin Elementary School as
..
.. attended Davis Elementary School, and 50 percent more
..
.. of the seventh-grade male students attended Franklin
..
.. Elementary School than attended Davis Elementary
..
.. School. Of the current seventh-grade students at Wilson
..
.. Middle School, 76 attended Davis Elementary School
..
.. last year, and 132 attended Franklin Elementary School.
.. If a current seventh-grade student at Wilson Middle
..
.. School who attended Davis Elementary School last year
..
.. is chosen at random, which of the following is closest to
..
.. the probability that the student is male?
..
..
.. A) 0.526
..
.. B) 0.555
..
..
.. C) 0.613
..
.. D) 0.667
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
48 CONTINUE
4
5
Answer: Answer: 1.2
DIRECTIONS 18
Write answer
For questions 31–38, solve the problem in boxes.
5 / 1 8 1 . 2
Fraction
and enter your answer in the grid, as / / / /
line Decimal
described below, on the answer sheet. . . . . . . . .
point
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1. Although not required, it is 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
suggested that you write your
Grid in 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
answer in the boxes at the top of
result. 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
the columns to help you fill in the
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
circles accurately. You will
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
receive credit only if the circles
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
are filled in correctly.
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
2. Mark no more than one circle in
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
any column.
3. No question has a negative 2
answer. Acceptable ways to grid are:
3
4. Some problems may have more
2 / 3 . 6 6 6 . 6 6 7
than one correct answer. In such
cases, grid only one answer. / / / / / /
1 . . . . . . . . . . . .
5. Mixed numbers such as 3 must
2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
be gridded as 3.5 or 7/2. (If 31/2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
is entered into the grid, it will be 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
31 1
interpreted as , not 3 .) 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
2 2
6. Decimal answers: If you obtain a 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
decimal answer with more digits 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
than the grid can accommodate, 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
it may be either rounded or 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
truncated, but it must fill the

entire grid. Answer: 130 – either position is correct
1 3 0 1 3 0 Note: You may
/ / / / start your
. . . . . . . . answers in any
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 column, space
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 permitting.
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Columns not
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 needed should be
left blank.
49 CONTINUE
4
..
31 .. 34
..
..
Surface Areas of the Great Lakes .. (2𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 4) = 2𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 − 25𝑥 − 12
..
Surface area ..
.. If the equation above is true for all values of 𝑥, where 𝑏 is
Lake (thousands of square ..
.. a constant, what is the value of 𝑏 ?
kilometers) ..
..
..
Lake Erie 25.7 ..
..
Lake Huron 59.5 ..
..
..
Lake Michigan 57.7 ..
..
Lake Ontario 18.9 ..
..
..
Lake Superior 82.1 ..
..
..
..
The table above lists the surface areas of each of the five ..
Great Lakes in thousands of square kilometers. .. 35
..
According to the table, what is the mean surface area, in ..
.. In her job as a restaurant manager, Diana must decide
thousands of square kilometers, of the five Great Lakes? ..
.. what items to put on the daily lunch menu and the prices
(Round your answer to the nearest tenth.) ..
.. of these items. She requires each item to have a price of
..
.. at least $6 and the average (arithmetic mean) price of the
..
.. items to be at most $10. There are currently 8 items on
..
.. the menu, and the average price of these items is $12.75.
..
.. What is the least number of items Diana must add to the
..
.. menu to satisfy the price requirements?
..
..
32 ..
..
In Ms. Robertson’s biology class, quizzes have at least ..
..
10 questions and at most 12 questions, and tests have at ..
..
least 45 questions and at most 50 questions. If ..
..
Ms. Robertson gives her students a total of 3 quizzes and ..
..
1 test, what is one possible total number of questions on ..
..
these quizzes and tests? ..
..
..
..
.. 36
..
..
.. Point 𝑂 is the center of a circle with radius 12, and
.. points 𝐴 and 𝐵 lie on the circle. If the measure of central
..
.. angle 𝐴𝑂𝐵 is 𝑎𝜋 radians and the length of minor arc 𝐴𝐵 ⏜
..
.. is 5𝜋, what is the value of 𝑎 ?
33 ..
..
..
If 200 − 25𝑡 ≥ 80, what is the greatest possible value ..
..
of 10𝑡 − 1 ? ..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
50 CONTINUE
4
..
.. 38
..
.. The engineer studies the change in traffic density on a
..
5,280 .. one-mile stretch of road between 3:00 p.m. and 4:00 p.m.
..
𝑝= .. one afternoon. At 3:00 p.m., the average length of a
𝑣+𝑑 ..
.. vehicle is 16 feet, and the average distance between
..
The traffic density, 𝑝, of a one-mile section of road is given by .. vehicles is 246 feet. At 4:00 p.m., the average length of a
.. vehicle is 13 feet, and the average distance between
the formula above, where the average length of a vehicle on ..
.. vehicles is 187 feet. The traffic density at 4:00 p.m. is
this section of road is 𝑣 feet and the average distance between ..
.. what percent greater than the traffic density at 3:00 p.m.?
vehicles on this section of road is 𝑑 feet. An engineer uses ..
.. (Note: Ignore the percent symbol when entering your
cameras to take measurements and determine the traffic ..
.. answer. For example, if the answer is 12.4%, enter 12.4.)
density on different sections of road at different times. ..
..
..
37 ..
..
..
The engineer determines that at 10:00 a.m. on a one-mile ..
..
section of road, the average length of a vehicle is 14 feet ..
..
and the average distance between vehicles is 240 feet. ..
..
What is the traffic density at 10:00 a.m. on this section of ..
..
road? (Round your answer to the nearest tenth.) ..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
STOP
51
Essay
TIME — 50 MINUTES
DIRECTIONS
The essay gives you an opportunity to show how effectively you can read and
comprehend a passage and write an essay analyzing the passage. In your essay, you
should demonstrate that you have read the passage carefully, present a clear and logical
analysis, and use language precisely.
Your essay must be written on the lines provided in your answer booklet; except for the
Planning Page of the answer booklet, you will receive no other paper on which to write.
You will have enough space if you write on every line, avoid wide margins, and keep your
handwriting to a reasonable size. Remember that people who are not familiar with your
handwriting will read what you write. Try to write or print so that what you are writing is
legible to those readers.
IMPORTANT REMINDERS
1. Do not write your essay in this booklet. Only what you write on the lined pages of
your answer booklet will be evaluated.
2. An off-topic essay will not be evaluated.
You have fifty minutes to read the passage and write an essay in response to the prompt
provided inside this booklet.
BEGIN WRITING YOUR ESSAY ON YOUR ANSWER SHEET.
52
As you read the passage below, consider how Jonathan Choi uses
• evidence, such as facts or examples, to support claims.

• reasoning to develop ideas and to connect claims and evidence.
• stylistic or persuasive elements, such as word choice or appeals to emotion,
to add power to the ideas expressed.
Adapted from Jonathan Choi, “In Defense of Newspapers.” Originally published

in 2016.
1 This month, the Gallup polling organization reported that confidence in newspapers has
reached an “all-time low” (going back to 1973). According to the poll results, the
numbers have nearly flipped since 1973, when 39 percent of Americans reported having
“A great deal/Quite a lot” of trust in newspapers and 18 percent reported having “Very
little/None.” This year, the corresponding numbers are 20 percent and 36 percent. As
might be expected, there is a strong partisan divide. Republicans overwhelmingly distrust
newspapers, while Democrats tend to trust them.
2 I don’t know what to make of these results. Part of my ambivalence comes from my own
inability to know how to answer the question myself. Is the question looking for an
uninformed opinion? I certainly can offer one of those. But for an intelligent opinion, I
am completely unprepared. I regularly read three newspapers, so I am woefully ignorant
on the issue of newspapers in general. I am aware that I am probably better versed on this
issue than most people who did respond to the poll, and that’s part of my point.
3 I would have trouble answering for another reason: I don’t know what the question means.
Do I trust some newspapers? Yes, of course. Do I distrust some? Again, of course. But
this problem is really just a manifestation of the first problem.
4 But whatever the poll’s methodological flaws, it does seem that four decades of polling
have yielded meaningful results. So I take at nearly face value the poll’s claim that trust in
newspapers has indeed declined.
5 One reason I find this decline so unfortunate is the stunning importance of newspapers as
news sources. Unlike television and radio, which are often immediate (and somehow see
this immediacy as a virtue), and the Internet, which is nearly as fast, newspapers
traditionally have had a substantial time gap between the news and the report. While it
might seem obvious that immediacy is better (after all, who wants to see a headline
reading “Kennedy Announces Plan to Put Man on Moon”?), the truth is that immediacy
has led to news with the depth of the kiddie end of an abandoned swimming pool during a
drought. “If it bleeds, it leads” has become the motto of television news, and radio
stations around the country continue the absurd claim “Give us 22 minutes, we’ll give you
the world.”
6 For years, newspapers stood as the last bastion of legitimate news against the onslaught of
electronic media. Even when the 24-hour news cycle hit with CNN and then was
entrenched with other cable networks, newspapers remained a source of reliable
information, generally immune to the need to be immediate. Moreover, newspapers, for
53
the most part, remained meritocracies. Unlike television news, for which attractive looks
and a pleasant voice are valued far above actual journalism, newspapers remained the
place where hard-digging reporters and good writers were valued.
7 But now, the Internet has hit, and the result has been disaster for newspapers on two fronts.
The first is that sites with obvious, even proud, ideological biases have allowed people to
filter their news according to their preconceived beliefs. The result is less news than
characterization (or, sometimes, denial) of the news. The second front is financial.
Newspapers cost money. They cost money to produce, and they cost money to buy. But
online news (or what passes for it) is often free, and consumers understandably are loath
to pay for something when they can get a replica for free.
8 But the fact is that we need newspapers. They offer greater insight, more reflection, actual
reporting, and substantially more nuance than their competitors. I do not mean to overlook
the yellow journalism of the 1800s or deny that it continues to this day in some
publications. But by and large, newspapers have served us well. It was The Washington
Post that alerted us to the Watergate scandal, The Boston Globe that uncovered the
Catholic church’s coverup of the priest scandal, and The Miami Herald that exposed fraud
in a mayoral election. The list, of course, could continue. Not all newspapers are models
of great reporting, but newspapers in general need to be preserved. The nation’s founders
recognized the importance of the press when they protected it in the First Amendment.
Now, as newspapers face greater pressures from electronic media, it is time again to
protect these venerable institutions.
Write an essay in which you explain how Jonathan Choi builds an argument to
persuade his audience that newspapers need to be valued and protected as
important news sources. In your essay, analyze how Choi uses one or more of the
features listed in the box above (or features of your own choice) to strengthen the
logic and persuasiveness of his argument. Be sure that your analysis focuses on
the most relevant features of the passage.
Your essay should not explain whether you agree with Choi’s claims, but rather
explain how Choi builds an argument to persuade his audience.
54
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5 .. C) Lines 46–47 (“In social . . . power”)

Questions 1–11 are based on the following passage and 1

flowers, vegetables, or herbs 90% 7

who 12 are allowed to incorporate music into the workday A) NO CHANGE

New York City, I was expecting to be enthralled by the famous

Walking through the installation, I was impressed with A) NO CHANGE

pauses when it detects a human body, allowing museumgoers A) NO CHANGE

in a museum full of artistic masterpieces; however, the A) NO CHANGE

Question 33 asks about the previous passage as a whole.

Proponents of exercise for weight loss claim that the A) NO CHANGE

• The use of a calculator is not permitted.

cases, grid only one answer. . . . . . . . . . . . .

decimal answer with more digits 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

than the grid can accommodate, 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7

it may be either rounded or

• The use of a calculator is permitted.

decimal answer with more digits 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

than the grid can accommodate, 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

it may be either rounded or 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7

truncated, but it must fill the

2. An off-topic essay will not be evaluated.

BEGIN WRITING YOUR ESSAY ON YOUR ANSWER SHEET.

• evidence, such as facts or examples, to support claims.

Adapted from Jonathan Choi, “In Defense of Newspapers.” Originally published

National Association for College Admission Counseling

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