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Citation: Saied, Osama, Ghassemlooy, Zabih, Rajbhandari, Sujan and Burton, Andrew
(2019) Optical Single Carrier-nterieaved Frequency Division Multiplexing for Visible Light
Communication Systems. Optik, 194. p. 162910. ISSN 0030-4026
Published by: Elsevier
URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/,.ij!e0.2019.06.010
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BS University 8 UniversityLibrary
NEWCASTLE Accepted Manuscript
Title: Optical Single Carrier-Interleaved Frequency Di
Multiplexing for Visible Light Communication Systems
Authors: Osama Saied, Zabih Ghassemlooy, Sujan
Rajbhandari, Andrew Burton
PIL $0030-4026(19)30773-9
DOI htips://doi.org/10.1016/,.ijleo.2019.06.010
Reference: LEO 62910
To appear in:
Received date: 14 March 2019
Revised date: 29 May 2019
Accepted date: 4 June 2019)
Please cite this article as: Saied ©, Ghassemlooy Z, Rajbhandari $, Burton A,
Optical Single Carrier-Interleaved Frequency Division Multiplexing for Visible Light,
Communication Systems, Optik (2019), https://doi.org/10.1016/.ijleo.2019.06.010
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Optical Single Carrier-Interleaved Frequency Division Multiplexing for
Visible Light Communication Systems
Osama Saied *, Zabih Ghassemlooy >, Sujan Rajbhandari and Andrew Burton”
“Departmen of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universi of Gharyan, Gharyan Libya, osama dhawi.sled @hernal com
“optical Communications Research Group, Faculty of Ensincering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tye,
NEL 8ST UK, (28
"Infor Faure Transport od Cie, School of Cnpating, leone ond Mathematics, Coventry Unity Co
hassemlooy, ansnew2.burton)s@northunbri. ocak
2. CVE SPB, UK, wl 78 covene
* Corresponding author Osa Sed
Ema adden: nana db sed Photo
ARTICLE INFO. ABSTRACT
‘ett sory Tn this paper «novel opal single cai inereavedfegiency division muileing (OSCAFDM)
Received id mm 2019 Signal scheme for an iteasty modulaion aad dieet deteion (MUDD) based visible ght
Accepted dd mm 2019, omnis (VC system pres, We sow that, OSCAFDM significant impves the peak
verge power eto (PAPR) ofthe DC-bised apical cethogonal quency dvsion multiplexing (DCO.
(OFDM. The edcton nthe PAPR vale is achive hy expoting the symmetrical characteris fhe
‘he imaginary and real pars ofthe SC-IEDMA samples ae sepanied ans hgh 0
‘symbols Silton ress show tha, the PAPR of OSC-FDM is 10 over than that of he DCO.
(OFDM seme, We uo show tt te proposed heme ofr higher spect cen soma to or
CC BY.NCND tease up reaivecommons piensa. 0,
Intro
juction
‘Visible tight commanistions (VLC) refers 1
winless eshonlogy, which wizes white
3 miting diodes (LEDS) for sminton, data ansmision and
Tocalization. VLC systems are cost-effective energy efficient and highly secure. Futhermoee, VIC occupies the unlicensed portion of the electromuenctic
spect and offers very large transmission handwidh (BW) in comparison tothe RF spectrum [1-3] However, the standard high power whit phosphor
light emiting diodes (WPLED) wsod fo ilumination havea lined modulation BW (ypicalyo fe MHz (1, 2), wish mits the maximum data rates that
an be achieved. To overcome the WPLED bandwith limitation, ue opal fies are used to remove the slow temporal response ofthe phosphor at the
ceiver [Ia adtion to be lering, pre-and pont-oqualzaion schemes a wel as ault-level modulation vchniques have heen shown to siiicasly
improve the achievable dt rate [SI However, these tchnigies cans arson in signal power, which reduces the signa-to-aoise rato (SNR) [2 6
‘Rec spocwaly efficient orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with hitand power loading have beea demonsuated to offer ansmission
at tes lose to the Shannon limit achieving» data ate of >10 Gis sing red, een and hive (ROB) LEDs (7)
For intensity modulation and dist detection (IM/DD) based VLCs, the modulating signals must be non-negative and real Asa result complex and
‘oola signal formats suchas the tational OFDM cannot be sed 2 8] Hence, mesifctons to the trata OFDM have been proposed fr IM/DD ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT
2 [LAR Ges Oncsesron 92014) 00-000,
VIC systems, which iaclude DC biased optical OFDM (DCO.OFDM) and asymanetially elipod epical OFDM (ACO-OFDM). Ia these schemes,
Hermitian symmetry (HS) is imposed prior to the inverse fst Fourier transform (IFFT) operation to achieve a el ime domain signal at the cost of rece
special ficiency by up to 5%. Futhemmare, tense thatthe signal is non-negative, a DC-bias sade prio to clipping the negative eid signals in
1DCO-OFDM, lathe ACO-OFDM scheme, nly the odd subcuries ate used to cary data to ensue at asymmetrical tine domain signal wih el sad
Positive values. Ax sch, DCO.OFDM has hicher spectral efficiency whist ACO-OFDM oles improved power eficiney [9 10),
‘Owing w the high peakto-average-power rato (PAPR) of the OFDM signal. its generation cn be adversely affected by the noalinear distin arising
from the limited dynamic range of LED's power cument characteristics, electrical pst amplifiers or the Hint digital to-analogue converter dynamic range
(DACDR) [2,1] Ia VLC systems, a signal hat excedsthe LED's near range will expience non-linear dstrion, which negatively affects the bit ear
‘ate (BER) performance and the dining coool fate [1.2]. ln ower to reduce the PAPR, a single caser-ateleaed fequeney division mule access
(SC-FDMA) scheme was investigated 12-14]. However, SCIFDMA for an IM/DD-based VLC system requis HS process in onto ens
‘ale signal This makes the PAPR value ofthe optical SCIFDMA higher than that of SC-IFDMA inthe RF domain. Kvas shown in [14 that only alt
‘ofthe modified SC-IFDMA samples will ave a single cartier behavior. while the oe al wll havea PAPR similar to OFDM.
nour recent work [15] the PAPR ofan optical OFDM signal was sgnificanly educa for IM/DD based VLC systems by employing SC-IFDMA with
bo HS. This was achieved by repeating the SC-IFDMA time domain sysbol symmetrically four tines dough setting the intereaving factor (Q) inthe
Frequency domain to four. As such, the SCFDMA symbols wansmite using the 7,2. and ub-symbols, which represent positive values ofthe
real and imaginary samples, and negative values of real and imaginary samples, respectively, However, the 1 subcaser (DC bis) in [15] was none-2er0
(Ge, modulated subcaie, which can afet ll time domain samples abd consequently increase the BER. Noe tht the DC-bias isa requirement in VLC
‘ystems fo illumination and to emove the effect ofthe pulse spins file. which can caver unipolar signals at bipolar format (1.2, 16]-In order 10
improve the performance of our aforementioned work in [5] we have introduced a deicaed algorithm to reduce the eect ofthe DC-bias, but athe cost
‘of increas SNR compared tothe traditional DCO-OFDM. Furthermore, we show that the spectral ficiency ie doubled by reducing Q bya factor of 2
‘compare to the previous work (15)
‘The rest of the paper is sirutied ax follows; Section 2 presents the proposed opal single caricinerleved frequency. division
‘mulplexing (OSC-IFDM) scheme, while the DC bss noise reduction algorit is discussed Section 3. The esl obtained or the proposed scheme ate
analyze an evalted i Section 4. Finally, concasions are drawn in Seton 5.
2. Optical Single Carrier-Interleaved Frequency Division Multiplexing, (OSC-IFDM)
In this section, om analysis of the proposcd OSC-IFDM system, aswell a ull descriptions of the transmiter (Tx) and the recive (Rx) ste, ore
resented. Futermor, te interaving mapping technique is ivestigated to make SC-IFDMA applicable for IM/DD VLC systems,
2. OSCIPDM transmiter
Fig. I depicts the block diagram of the OSC-IFDM Ts, hich similar to the Ts usd in the standard SC-FDMA scheme [17]. The main differences are
the incision of the imensty modulation process (IMP) and intensity demodulation process (DMP) Blocks at the Tx and the Rx of
OSC-IEDM, respectively. The signal processing sep at the'Ts can be decribed as follows. Fit, the serial binary bits seam is converted ato parallel
ata steams and mapped onto a group of complex quaatre amplitude modulation (QAM) symbols, given by
£2 FeTekeefvak o
hore fy, 25,~ ser To the R" complex QAM symbol, and Mis the number of da symbols. Note Was wil be expand in detail in Sein
5. to edie the DC-based oie. he fist symbol ns unmodulate (i.e, & = 0). The complex symbols re ransformed tothe Truney domain
‘by applying a fas Fourier sansform (FFT operation. The ouput inthe frequency domain s given by
f= en, °
wher Ry refers othe scarier m = (012, o0.M ~ I) and X = Ue Ry AG Ry] € denotes the set of M-dmensonal complex numbers. The
interleaving mopping is camid oat on X by inseing(Q-1) numberof ztos between the aiacent subcaies(bere Q= 2, 98 Fig 1), The mapped opt
Somalis desind as
Flay I= Qmwhere osm sM— 1 °
= To) otherwise
hore (= (01,2.00.8 1) = [lye Xyakaen nya) and N= QM.
‘The mapped frequency domain signals then converted back note time domain signal as given by: ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT
‘Latevur Gis er xcs 02014) 00-000, 3
whew 2 fas w the x tine domain sample, n= (0.12,..N—1] and x= [X) xa xya] €C% following the iauaewving process
Lac n= (Mq+m ) for 0: q
PAPR] = 0.0001) From Fg. 3itcan be sen thatthe PAPR ‘ofthe proposed scheme i wer hy 10 dH compar othe waltoast DCO-OFDM scheme. This significant improvement is duct he implementation of the FFT and interleaving mapping poceses before the implementation ofthe IFFT process, which makes the PAPR of OSC-IFDM aslo a tha of the SC-IFDMA scheme ~~ 0SC-FDM. ° = PARAGON ae 2 Fig. 3 CCDF vs, PAPR for the DCO-OFDM and OSC-IFDM schemes ‘The BER performance of both schemes (42. DCO-OFDM and OSC-IFDM) ave simulated and compared as shown in gs. 4 and $. Now, the quniaton clipping, shot, terminal and DC wandering noise sources ae de othe limited dynamic range of ADC and LED. photocurrent tuations ceiver electronics and LED bits, spectively. Hete we have assumed ha, bth the shot noise and he terminal noise ave modelled as AWGN [1] ig. shows the BER performance sa function ofthe DAC dynamic ange (DACDR) forthe DCO.OFDM snd OSC.IFDM sehen, where oly the quantization noise is considered nerds to characterize the fect of the quantization noise only, no oer noses were considered inthe simlations. The transmission signal power was fixed at 10 dBm and DACDR=2010g(2° ~ 1) indB {18}, where isthe DAC bit resolution (eg. the universal software ratio peripheral (USRP) N210 hus a DAC of 16 bis esluion [19}, From Fig it can be seen ta the BER performance of bh schemes improves by xe DACDR, This is because the quantization level increases by ¢, but atte cost ofthe ational memory space, However both schemes each the noise Near (at a BER of 10°) at diferent DACDRE level, where the uaitonal DCO-OFDM aad OSC-IFDM schemes quite -26 and -13 dB of DACDR, respectively Since the mos practical DAC has high DACDR of > 24 dB (for USRP N210 DACDR is 8 dB (19), we determined that DACDR has avery limited effet onthe system performance and therefore is ot considered in the subsequent analssis Fig. Spots the BER pesfonmance asa function of the average transmitral signal power Pfr the (vo schemes. We have used an OSRAM SFIH4230 LED 12] wi the tim on voage oy and tm of voltage Vy of 3 and 4 V,respoctively (Gc biasing the LED at 3.5 provides IV peakto- peak qus-linear rang}. Theefre to avoid the clipping nie, the peak-to-peak amplitude ofthe modulated tansmited electrical signal A, must be wing ‘between this value (eA 2 1 V). Py fr oth schemes were vase from 0 1026 dBm and the noise power a was set 0-10 dBm. AS such, the SNR range ws from 10 036 dB, which is within he rpored SNR vals for indoor VLC system [1,12] Despite the fact tha, the OSC-IFDM scheme uses "he DC-bias eduction algorithm to remove the effect of low frequency ase, the ests in this gus show that Py <2 dBm (ie. SNR <31 dB) the ‘rational DCO-OFDM scheme outperforms the OSC-IFDM scheme, de to the accuracy af the DC-bias noise ration slgrithm being affected bythe AWGN, However, as both schemes have diferent PAPR rates (see Fig. 3), inweasing SNR for both schemes (ie increasing Py) leads to reaching the ‘hweshold clipping. Theseore, and as ilustated i the same Figure for Py > 21 dBm, the OSC-FDM scheme oupetorms the waitonal DCO-OFDM seheme, athe BER performaneeof the atric by the clipping noi for A, = 21 dBm, while the BER performance of the former stars safest by the same nose source for Pyy 24 dBm (i. OSC-IFDM oer 3 dBm more Pay compared to DCO-OFDM, ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT ‘Latevur Gis er xcs 02014) 00-000, 7 10* ho OED | -—=DCO-OFDM | COSC-IFDM_| 10°) 104} 10°) ‘6 1 10%) * pacpr'fa] Fig. 4 DACDR +s. BER for DCO-OFDM and OSC-IFDM when only considering the quantization noise 0 5 10p. in aim !5 20 8 10 5 2 sypin(a} 2 x 3 ig. The BER performance asa fanetion of Pyyy for DCO-OFDM and OSC-IFDM for a LED with 1V limited dynamic range Py of both schemes varied fom 0026 alin and the nose power 0% was set to -10 di (as such, the SNR range was rom 10a to 36 dl) ‘Conclusion {In this paper, the symmetrical tine domain chancteristics of SCHFDMA were exploited for the intensity modulation and dice detection VLC system _spplictions by symmetrically sepeating the SC-IFDMA tte doroin samples twice ding each SC.IFDMA tne domain symbol perc. This ws achieved by sting the interleaving mopping fastor tthe frequency domain to 2. Siaton ofthe OSC-TFDM scheme were condaced demonstrating that the PAPR ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 8 [LARENCE Gest Oar 02014 090-600 ‘le ofthe propose scheme i 10 dB ower han that ofthe DCO-OFDM sche, The inact ofthe duced PAPR om the system performace was alo simulated while considering the effet of the dynamic range of the digtal-to-analogue converter and the LED. The resus showed that the DACDR performance i enhanced by almost 14 dB for OSC-IFDM compared DCO-OFDM. Furhesmore. when considering the dynamic range of the LED, the ‘sus showed tat OSCIFDM peovided 3 dBin more average powe a compavison to DCO-OFDM. However the sinulation resus showed that with 20You might also like
