Shear induced migration.

It is an important transport property of dense suspension. First observed by “Galada Maria &
Acrivos” (1980) during study of rheology of Newtonian suspension in couette rehometer. They
observe a long-term decrease in suspension viscosity when subject to shear. On experimentation &
simulation researcher find that it is due to migration of particle in gap, low shear region of the
couette . This irreversibility needs to be explained. The suspension is in stokes flow regime & this
regime have inherent reversibility, so initially the cause of migration create discrepancy on first sight.

The cause of migration might be inertial forces, Brownian motion, gravity settling, interparticle
interaction, surface roughness & some other non-hydrodynamic forces. So experiments are
designed carefully to eliminate inertial forces, Brownian motion, gravity settling, & surface
roughness. In that neutrally bound suspension particle density is slightly higher than fluid density,
particle size shouldn’t be very small, & we consider particle Reynolds number far less than 1(this is
not very stringent condition). Now when there is interaction between more than two particles, then
the particle does not return to its initial configuration. This is the cause of migration.

In Leighton & Acrivos (1987a), they design experiment to determine diffusion coefficient, in which
they measure particle migration, time taken to complete 1 cycle by particle & viscosity of
suspension. They design a couette device for their experiment. They reproduce the long term
viscosity decrease . The diffusion coefficient thus determined was found to be proportional to the
product of shear rate & square of particle radius, and to have the asymptotic form 0.5* shear rate *
square of particle radius in the dilute limit when the particle concentration tend to zero.

In Leighton & Acrivos (1987b), they purpose diffusion model, which defines particle migration flux in
terms of gradient of particle concentration & shear rate. This model successfully captures short
term increase & long term decrease of viscosity in couette flow subject to shear & long term
decrease in viscosity in pressure driven flow. In this paper they study dependence of diffusion
coefficient on different parameters. After that they define mechanism for this shear induced
migration.

In Nott & Brady (1994), they found most of previous study on shear induced migration has been on
situation of uniform stress field so, they work on net migration of particles in a suspension exposed
to inhomogeneous stress or shear fields. They estimate the steady state timescale & found that most
of previous experiments are observed in transient time, that might be reason for discrepancies in
their observation. They do a dynamic simulation of the pressure-driven flow of a suspension in a
rectangular channel by Stokesian Dynamics, which accurately and efficiently computes the many-
body long-range hydrodynamic interactions as well as the short-range lubrication interactions in
Stokes flow. Here they do clean experiment that eliminates inertial effects, surface roughness and
non-hydrodynamic forces. They solve for conc. Velocity & temperature profile. In that they study
effect of different parameter on that. After that they purpose suspension balance model, that is a
two-phase flow model. That is volume average of conservation equation explicitly over particles,
&constitutive equation for suspension stress. After that they shoes that their model show a
qualitative resemblance with their simulation result . & there model capture the long term decrease
in viscosity. They also shows that diffusion model is a special case of their model.

Scope of future study : here we made comparison for the steady-state regime but not for the
transient dynamics, as there is a lack of numerical simulations and experiments that have addressed
this issue. There is discrepancies in prediction of the centreline concentration and the rate of
migration are seen at lower volume fractions. This certainly do not account for variation in the
rheology between the bulk region and the near-wall region where layering occurs.