.2.9. ALU (ARITHMETIC AND LOGIC UNIT) The arithmetic and logic unit performs 8 bit arithmetic and logic operations over the operands held by the temporary registers TMP1 and TMP2. The users cannot access these temporary registers. oi The various arithmetic operations performed by ALU are addition, addition with carry, subtraction with borrow, increment, decrement, multiplication and division. The addition and subtraction functions are performed in both Signed and unsigned manners also. Similarly ALU can perform AND, OR, EX-OR, clear, complement and rotate logic functions. After the arithmetic and logical operations the result is stored in the destination operand.- 2.10. SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS The microcontroller 8051 has a family of special purpose registers called special function registers. There are a total of 21 special function 8-bit registers. Among them, | there are 11 tegisters are byte and bit addressable registers. The se AccfA), B, PSW, PO, P4, P2, P3, IP, IE, TCON and SCCix..The remaining 10 registers, namely SP, DPH, DPL, TMGD, THO, TLO, TH1, TL1, SBUF and PCON registers are addressable registers, they are not bit addressable The registers DPH and DPL are higher and tower bytes of a 46-bit ra gister DPTR (Data Pointer}. This register is used for ° accessing external data memory.2.12 THO and TLO are the higher and lower mericounter Kegister To. Similarly, gher and lower byte registers of T1. The fot,port Jatches are E The registers byte registers of 16-bit ti TH1 and TL1 are the hi 16-bit timer/counter register represented by Po, ‘PA, P2 and P3. ; The TMOD aiid TCON registers are u! counter operations. The IP and IE registers are used for interrupt operations. The SCON, SBUF and PCON registers are used for serial communicati also used for setting the. power mode o} The list of SFR names and their byte and bit addresses are shown in the table below. The unused Iccations in SFRs (80H to FFH) are reserved and must not be used by the 8051 The SFR cari be accessed by their names 2d for timer/ f 8051. programmer. (which is much easier than by their addresses) symbol ime Byte | Bit addresses a address} MSB LSB Acc* Accumulator OEOH ETH - €0H Bt B register ‘ OFOH | F7H --FOH PSW* Program status word oDoH D7H ~ DOH SP. Stack pointer 81H - DPL Low byté DPTR 82H : opH | High byte DPTR 83H Po’ PortO 80H 87H - 60H oe - 90H 97H - 90H OAQH ATH - AGH | Pa | Ports | cgoH btn | P | Inept icrity control | OB8H FH - 68! | ie OASH e L_[MOD | Timer / counter mode - 89H : ion. The PCON regisier is | | | | |Timer/ counter conirot 8FH - 88H Timer/ counter 6 high byte | Timer /counter 0 low byte . . Timer/ counter 1 ie byte ; Timer / counter 1fow byte Serial contro! | Serial data buffer Power coxftrol The SFRs raarked with an asterisk (x) are both bit and. byte addressable.