26.06.2022 09:02 Use Selectivity to Improve Receiver Intercept Point Caoies O Q Search Q Poramatie Soaren ~ Integrated. Maxim» Deson Resoucos Tassel Documents» Tule» 749 quroRWLs 748 USE SELECTIVITY TO IMPROVE RECEIVER INTERCEPT POINT ‘strc: A recavar itamedaion (IM) spurious respanse ateruaton i measure fhe receiver ably a receve & modeled aout RF sgn requancy on ts assigned channel Feavoncy nto prosoce of wo itoring continous wave (CV) fnos. The recovers protection against purus respons itavfrerc is @ measure oF ts ‘billy to ceeeinate Between the inp signal lhe aeigned requancy and an undesired sna at any ther hequeny o which ti regpansive, Ti application ote ‘analyzes te sures of RF ntereronce that fect receiver naan & dualconverson receiver examines oof chanel itroronce response, Asia versio ofthis arte appeared inthe Decombr 1987 isue of RF Desi magazine Introduction [Arwceivars second Wicd intecept pons (Ps) represent he two most porn nea specestions far asi rc or syst. Th inca pons allow us to predict the receivers intarodulaon (IM) performance, hin describes te ads suaceptity to interference fom accent or nearby user, Th are presen @ ‘modieaten othe vadtonal recover eteccop aint cascading equton for Bo the second: and hve-eder IM cases. The matheraiel drat for each ofthe scan order (12 and thre- ardor (3) ercep point cascading eavabons incorpraos tho fet of secing seach (8) beweon receiv sages to improve HP2 and IPS. ‘ton his atc al variables in uppercase ltr fort Bor fim units and variables in owercase ets refer o Insar unis Spurious Response Interference Inwiolbss specications restos the recommended minimum performance standards fr the moble stato, th recovers IV performance is spec¢ ochicaly under two man topics the ecelver IM spurious response etanuon, andthe recive prtecton agent spuraus response arene “Te IM spulous response atlanuston & masse ofthe receivers ably to tec & madulaedsnput RF signal requancy on seigned channel raquancy in the proses of two introrng coninscus-nave (CH) tones. These Iones are soparaod from the assigned input signal quency 50 tat the rt-ordor mixing of to WO Undesred signals ean our in te naninerelemants of the receiver, bareby producing a ted exna ine band of the dead algal Te recavars potcton agent prius espe rtofrerce isa measie of sabi o étrrinae betwsen the input sia ale assigned rogue ard an undesired sgral at any over oquency toner is responsive. |-Order IM Products [As aru of hearer ming ina receives fronton, two of-cnanel CW tones at request and, noice a intone IM product at a rquoncy equal 0 (= ‘2h whieh can appear in the onchannel sna paaband (Figure 1) Tha iebandUne-oderneodion (WE) produc reduce he caseo-trerence rao (I) the receiv's comesulater. Based ona Ines slope (Figure th, he oval of his np IN produc (IM3, eB) canbe determined using an equation tat nds he ‘rosie veal input P (IP, nd) andthe pt power evel ofeach o te two ofechannel CW tones (, In dB Interference from Thi ya =9 «)-21°3 68m) con Figure 119 productos on Ban eroer du oto a channel CW Tones), and hr- oder interept point) definton 2). Figure 2 represents 2 conventional diatconverson suprnaeredyn receive architects In his typeof receive architects, be IMS produce fom the of shannal CW Inurterers re gonerted inthe low-noise ample (LNA), De fst mx, the IF ample, tho sacond mes and the IF uniing ampli. Al be IMS products merge at be ‘frodltor nputrsling nan equivalent rand MS produc a he racer inp (IM). Tis MS produ, acing as an bare inter, canbe eco by ming tps www. maximintogratod.com/enidesigntechrica-documentstutrials7/749.ntml 826.06.2022 09:02 Use Selectivity to Improve Receiver Intercept Point he MS conrnaon tom the IF ampli, te cond mir, an te I iting amlifer The INS conan i reiced by inoducng a erin amount fF saat (S) to these of-cannelwererer nthe IF er folowing he fst mac (F fer 1). Not that thor elect () refers to th ateruaion nth IF fit 1 rjacton band at he ‘chanel inlet’ equerces relive fo the orchannel er passband inseron ls (L). Ts, th ol rejection (RG dB) ne IF er slopband atthe ochanel (OW tones frequencies can bo defned as: R =. +S). The IF ir select () reduces the thr-orcr astorbon ans dynamic range requests of he subsequert receiver back. As resi, the ovr receivers IP3 can be opimized mode: to minimize the aqualet inband IIMS product ard Bus meet the rue recive? basaband (Ci) rat Figure? Corvertora sipareterodire dual conersion receiver Modified Third-Order Input Intercept Point (IIP3) Cascading Equation In Figure 3 the dua-cavorsion ocivr architecture (igre 2 is ve int oo blocks: the RF bck, he IF fr 1, andthe IF block, The RF Hock, or lock, consis oft recehar RF stages preceding te fat tr, The I block or blck 2 cones f the receivers IF stages allowing ne ret IF fit. Black thas gan, Gt RF and ‘an egal Pitordr np intercept por 3, Block 2hae a gin, Gt F and an eqaletthic-oder put nereap pon IP; The power velo each of he two of-chanl CW neferets sess ate acevers Inputs assumes to eaua Py whch te velo he wo afchannel CW tanes input to lok 1. P's the evel of hee ‘of-chanel CV anos translated oF and input lock 2. IM iss nal 1M tart pows From th wo ofkchannel CW tons ats eared othe rosie nut IN, Ice toa IMS distorton power generted Bock * hats aered ots np. Ns he ata M3 stro powe! generate in lock 2 ats eet os nt Figure 3. Bick gra Yr daring ie modod 8 cascading equton. Te equation ncrpraes the elect of aking select (5) fo recover stags athe to of channel CW tones fequencies. Power symbols ren dBm, ard gait dB. In ta folowing cervatin the input INS orton vokage of took 1 andthe input IMS dstorion vltage of block 2, dvd bythe vokage gain of preceding stages, aro ‘de exacly r-phate as a worsteate conten. bn ns way we olan he oa MS station vlnge ha eleven the receiver mpl. Assuming eysten charactorite Impadance of 19, we can wit the folowing: in i, + 8) (os) (3.2) Were th equare root conve he MS power ovotages, etm Hn, Hn, an md ni 1 (a0) = 10 opt x power unt wats 2 milwats). Ago, (4B) = 10 og) and Equation 1 can be rearranged it the folowing eatin: We =P, = A= IMD) (8m) 3) Equation 3 dais te input 9 forthe whole rociver, and can bo rowrtlenin tear ower nts (iat, o rN rsa ted = simsin) a4) ‘Siro what wo in equation 3, we can define IF2; ana I, fr lek 1 and lock 2, respectively wey = B+ 4PM.) (85m) e0.5) 1P3,= P+ AP IMD) (68m) 8) Knowing that Pm) = and Pm) =P + (GS), we blaine seuss Sand 6 (ean P28 (Gy Ih -8) +P, Gy LS IMS) em) (0.8) tps www. maximintogratod.com/enidesigntechrica-documentstutrials7/749.ntml 2826.06.2022 09:02 Use Selectivity to Improve Receiver Intercept Point ‘As we have done for equation 3 equations 7 and 8 canbe rewrite i linear power unis instead of Bm a resuiin quaions © an 10, respectively v8: = lim) 9) PavtiiP8s* 5%) = imap (0.10) Ware (a6) = 10 gle and 48) «10g. Note hat (48) anc La) ae postve numbers. Returing to equation 2 and vig 12 (i, wo got equation 1: ing = isp + iy (eat) ite subst each te in equstin 1 by equvaen lms uslg @quatns 4 9, an 0, an ater sping by removing te term py, we obtain te flawng medties {PS cascading equation: tied = 59s + (xing «=7) (0.12) [As ws can see rom squaton 12 y choosing a ih slocivo IF er (s > 1, wo can minnize te affect of to IF lock input 3 (IPs) on hoover receiver input IPS (uP5), which comes most fined by the RF tack PS (P58 wor nog ha a escaded system analy the IF block np PS (PS) shoul be apace wih ‘an oquivalont int P3. This exchange elecively nzosuces sletviyanoad oft IF block This equivalort IPS canbe writen a: wee, = P34 + (12) 8 (BM) (ea.13) [Amare gaecalzed equation that pret he ovealinpit PS ofa ecever chan wi M cascaded stages canbe fomulzed bases on aquaon 12, ach sage has a naar ‘sin (gan nt Pa (UP, was). and a slaty) the wo of channel CW tone’ equerces. Togehe th inoduces an in-band prt assuring ta y pa ‘Hod = 085 + (08 «8% (Gy * wand (65 2)88) + (a 2 — ue #1) (9.14) ‘Were 5y(68) = 10 ops}. Not that ts equaton simples th dass austin for he narept point cakulation of a cascade of M stages when Seng 0 1. Ths transl into sting sletay Sto 6." Interference from Second-Order IM Products Receiver spusou respons are requencies thst tert the x-channel RF gral Hequency, yet hey stil produce an output nterferer inthe receiver passband if ‘noountared at «sf high level. One of hese spurous response ‘reqencis i atthe nal requancy. This ha spuraue reponse rests na seconc-order IM product M2), whch our in he acevers RF ones. The IM? eal can be peded om the second-order ilreopt pon (P2 fe receiver's RF frnkend hich Gained up te and incudng the fst marin the cer chan (Figur 2). Fer high-side injection inno fst mae Figure 4a), 2 CW tone at ho recever's put. which I offset fom he LO frequency by 2s downconverad iF By he (-2fow > 249) M predt ha cout inte fel mixer Sima for lowside jeton, a CW Tone, which fet om the LO Haque by stp, is downeorvered LIF bythe (2oy-2o) IM produc. Based ona linea 2 sope (Figure 4b) te love of ts mputIM2 produc (IMB, Bm) can Be detrmind using an equation that nudes the receive’ RF reatandinpul P2 (P21) an the power evel fe npr hal iF CW tone in en)” 2 = 2,128!) a1) Figure 12 produc as an band oer ds a Fa spores response (a) and second-order inerept pr (I) dinton ‘Ths in-band IM2 produc fom the hal spurous respons canbe reed by mining the soccnd-ode IM contin fom tho fst mar. Ths s done by inrocing ceca amount of RF slaty (8) oth of chanel msrfeter ia he RF Mls preceding he Wat mixar (RF Mrs 1 an 2) Nate tha itr select (S) flrs to He atonvton inthe RF iter rejoin bar at the spusous sponse frequency relat ots o-chanal ile passbandinsorton loss (IL). The RF tr slecviy(S) reduces tps www. maximintogratod.com/enidesigntechrica-documentstutrials7/749.ntml ais26.06.2022 09:02 Use Selectivity to Improve Receiver Intercept Point the secondo dtoron and dyraicrange requtements of he fest mixer As @ rest the over receivers RF fonkend IP2 ean be optnizod lo miimize the ‘auvaents-bandIN2 produ tm te ali tne, thus meting he required rooaver baseband (Ci rato, Modified Second-Order input Intercept Point (IIP2) Cascading Equation In Figure 8, be cus-cowersion receive RF tontend i vided into twee blocks: RF Altar 2, block 1 (which consis of al stages preceding RF for 2), and block 2 (whlch ‘alow RF flr? anesthe sl miner Block Tha 8 gin, Gy, l RF ae an eau seand-oder input leet pon IP2,. Black? has again, Gat RF and 9 qutvaont socond-rder input rcpt pon IP2>. The power lvl of aah nal F CW tone pasant ths recover’ input i assumed to be equal Py which te loval of the halF CW tone input lock Pf te love ofthe hall CW lane input to block 2. M2 the fll M2 estorton power trom the hal FC tone tat etre 6 the receiver input IM; [se total N2 dren power generates in lock 1 tat refered tos put IN, isha total N2 esorion power generated in Bock 2 thats retro it np Figure & Block lagram for dving the modified IP? cascading uation, which incorporates th efecto eng AF solocvity (8) tho rcovers RF ontondstgos ot {a nar spurious Hequency. Power symbol are in dp, nga sn nthe folowing servation te input NZ dstoytanvotage of Hock 1 andthe input MB distortion vllage of Mock 2, divided bythe volape gia of procedng stages, are aides exactly inphaso ne a wors.zase conten In this way we oben th tla IM? datortonvolago tat I afoved fo the rcalers put. Assuming a yeton characters impedance of 10, we can wie the along: ‘ina = nay + 24) (088) (0.18) Were the sauare oot converts the IME powers t voting. The lems in 2, and ida ar in oear power units (wats mila). Aso, G, (8) * 10 «og and (68) = 10 Fah Equaton 15 can bo earanged into ho flowing sation wee = Py (> 1), we can minimize the fc ofthe fre mie lok int 2 (1°24) onthe overall recoivar RF trentend put P2 (PZ). tls worth noting tat a cascaded syst ans te fret mar-Mock input IP2 (12g) auld be replaces wih an equivalent nt P2, THE achange efectvalyirrosees selec nthe RF ilo. Thi egal IP2, can be wren as woe, 12, +28 (68m) (€a.27 ‘Amore gonralze eqution to pros te eral input P2 oF a recover’ RF nan chan wih M cascades stags canbe formulzod based on equation 28, Each stage hanes gin () an input P2 pz. nwa), anda selec (.) the hat CW tone equency. This vodueasanv-band N2 product (essuming Dat a << 2} = 629) + koa» 0) + ay 5225 (152) * NH 2 SHOEI #182 SP) (0.28) Ware (8) = 19 opin References 1.8. Maas, Merowave Mrs, Nowood, MA, Atoch Hovso, 193. 2. iam, REF Design Guide, Norwood, MA, tech House, 1995, Related Pane waza “TpltDusl Mode COMALNAMars anze9 Low-Cost RF UntDaanoonverer vith LNA and PA Dnver roe Semele ancar0 {S18MH2 Low-Power, +2V Supomaterodyne Recevar tee Semnle anzsse Quadruple Mose PCSICstuarGPS LNAMerE Noe Steps FEM Subectbe i EE.Mal and receive automatic rote of new document in your aoas of nites ona Download POF Format (01 May, 2002 Mane epee Pods, he ‘APP 74505 Ray, 2002 TUTORIALS 749, ANTA®, AN 740, APP7AQ,Appnate740, Appts 740 precy copy iweb Una Sits nf rn coi Fr oes 55 ht oe oat Blogs About Us ‘Contact Us Ordering FAQ Investor Relations Customer Testimonials ‘Customer Support Worldwide Franchisee Corporate Responsibility Disirbutors Careers ‘Technical Support Cenyrah 202 Maem gat ‘corte Cas Lapel Pn Coane Paley Sta ap Pray Ptr Mange tps www. maximintogratod.com/enidesignitechrica-documentstutorials7/749.ntml sis