i, past few weeks was reading by different theories on the existence of

the universe, what’s about any beginning or any singularity as usual.

Anyway, while going through it found something controversial
amongst many theories which somewhere seems to have some
originality but not wholly as far as the actual reality is concerned. Let’s
talk about some of them to make it more clear-

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In 1924, an American astronomer Edwin Hubble demonstrated that

ours not the only galaxy, and though the belief that our earth is the
centre of the universe proves wrong; even ours the one of the several
galaxies seen as pin-point by a distance from the universe. Then comes
an urge for making our best experiments knowing about those other
galaxies means by the distance, the nature of the occurrence of
different ecological cycles, their staticity and their point of existence
too. When they found something beyond their expectations, it reverts
all back theories and comes up with a belief of “The Expanding
Universe” when they found it not static but to be expanding with time
all about then based on the general relativity and two assumptions
[that the universe looks identical in all directions we look and by every
point in the universe] Friedmann had already been predicted earlier
what exactly the Hubble has discovered then.

But this too not exactly what’s the truly the universe seems about, as
everything has drawbacks somewhere all around.
By the Time it has also been said that if the universe is expanding then
it might be sometime in the past been at a ‘Zero’ point [Big Bang] that
means it must have a starting point of everything and also that of the
Time.

Here another the thing, suppose a person on the Earth starts travelling
from some point and keeps on moving, he might not bump into an
edge but would come up to the same place where he had started by; so
by this means that if the universe is expanding and didn’t it have any
edge to stop by would it on one point reversed to ‘Zero’ or will it be
expanding forever?

That’s to Friedmann the misery that again made him reconcile further
on his prediction.

Now move towards some other predictions too –

In 1963, two Russian scientists; Evgenii Lifshitz and Isaac Khalatnikov

suggested that the Big Bang might be a peculiarity of the Friedmann’s
model alone and denies the starting of the universe with a Big Bang
model of Friedmann which is just an assumption beyond the
singularity of the real universe and concluded that there were many
other models suggesting the origin of the universe and have many
singularities in other models also and not just one exception like the
Friedmann’s one.
Later, they found that the Friedmann’s model not the only one but
there’s some other’s too having the singularities as the former’s claim.
Henceforth, they withdrew their claim in 1970.

In 1965, there’s a completely different approach started by a British

physicist; Roger Penrose, a belief that a star that collapses under its
own gravity getting trapped whose boundary eventually shrinks to
‘Zero’ size and so the density of matter and the curvature of the space-
time becomes infinite. In other words, it has a singularity within the
region of space-time known as ‘Black Hole’.

So, Penrose theorem shows that any collapsing star must end in a
singularity and then to make it with the singularity of Big Bang of
Friedmann’s model, Stephen Hawking come up jointly with Penrose in
1970 to a theorem which suggested that there must be a Big Bang
singularity proving only if the general relativity is correct and the
universe contains as much matter [dark matter] as we observe.

As a result, after the Hawking and Penrose theory derives the

singularity of unknown existing matters they have to face up with
many oppositions followed by Evgenii Lifshitz and Isaac Khalatnikov,
and many others who believe that they have spoilt the beauty of
Einstein’s theory.

Afterwards this theory of Stephen Hawking that the universe has a

singularity and contains much matter than is observed generally
accepted and all’s this we have made till now at least till any other
relevant theory comes around someday or whatever may not.

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See, whatever be the belief may it be the reality doesn’t deal or

replicate anything it is something that’s all for now and for then we can
only be known what we liable to or allowed to not beyond that not
before that so whatever seems to be just to believe in what one wants
to, there’s nothing to deal with other’s conflicting opinion other than
one that relates.