Induction three phase motor stand control from the
Automatic Control Systems Laboratory
Jose Chunga Marı́a Jose Masias
Laboratorio de SAC Laboratorio de SAC
UDEP UDEP
Piura, Perú Piura, Perú
jose.chunga.c@alum.udep.edu.pe maria.masias@alum.udep.edu.pe
Abstract—In this paper we used a heuristic approach in both
the modelling and tuning of the induction three phase motor
stand. We developed a speed control using a frequency input
that followed a ziegler nichols pid design
Index Terms—PID, Speed control, induction motor, control
I. I NTRODUCTION
Three-phase induction motors are currently in demand by
industrial applications due to their low maintenance needs
and the wide variety of applications. For its part, one of
the training areas of the academic program of Mechanical-
Electrical Engineering of the University of Piura is the study
and realization of Automatic Control Systems, for which there
is a work environment with different modules for academic
training. . In these, three-phase electric motors are subjected
to measurements on a FESTO TP-1410 academic objective test
bench. The existence of engine test benches has an impact on
industries by preventing inconveniences in the manipulation of
gauges, indicators and tools that are in communication with
the engine to be tested. The characterization of the motor that
the test bench defines, allows verifying that it works optimally
when it is in service in order to avoid alterations and stoppages
in production. The FESTO TP-1410 servomotor and brake
system offers a manual and PC control platform (Drivelab
software), where the test unit can be empirically defined. For
this work, the motor to be tested is the FESTO induction motor
No. 571874, which is also part of the modules available in the
work environments of the University of Piura
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Within the forefront of control methods there is some
background on the engine test stand in different universi-
ties; It will be possible to verify its importance, the results
that were obtained and understand some conclusions that
the authors wanted to transmit. (Rolando Méndez Sarmiento
Julián Alejandro Burbano Diaz Robert David Diaz Unda
Oscar J.Suarez, 2021) is an article that seeks to obtain an
optimal design for a three-phase motor plant that has a variable
speed in revolutions per minute. Different types of controllers
were tested, starting with Classical Ziegler-Nichols PIDs and
computers (Pidtune), up to fuzzy controllers (FUZZY PIDs)
Alvaro Reyes
Laboratorio de SAC
UDEP
Piura, Perú
alvaro.reyes@alum.udep.edu.pe
and neural controllers. This article aims to find a variety
of strategies, whether computational or classical, that allow
obtaining a stable and controlled response. To meet the ob-
jective of the article, we began by specifying what the input
signal to the system will be in normal operation, as well
as an output range based on the mentioned input; therefore,
initially there will be a set of data with which a transfer
function combined with a gain will subsequently be obtained.
Then, the response of the system to a unitary scalar input
was obtained and applying the methods already mentioned
and testing the controllers in both open loop and closed loop,
it was modified to reach the desired point and the time to
stabilize was quite fast, thus complying with the requirements
of system speed. (Federman Cruz Moreno, 2019) is a report
that seeks to develop a didactic bench for testing biphasic
and three-phase electric motors. In turn, it collects information
on alternating current electric motors, such as protection and
control mechanisms, or starting methods, where some of these
mechanisms were subsequently incorporated into the electric
motor test bench. For the execution of this project, after the
search for information already mentioned, the design of a plan
was carried out in which different components of the test
bench were selected, and the electrical plan and the optimal
structural plan were suggested for its function. Subsequently,
the interconnection of all the components of the test bench
was carried out by connecting the force contacts to their
respective connection bananas, and additionally the connectors
of the thermal outputs were taken to also connect them to their
respective bananas. Finally, the operation of the motor bank
was tested through the execution of laboratory practices carried
out by the author and he gave us some conclusions such as
the importance of carrying out an order when connecting a
power circuit, the benefit of the use of a bank of engines for
specific issues, etc.
III. INFORMATION COLLECTED
In order to get the data, we design an experiment with the
test bench using a pulse width modulation signal generator,
the WEG cfw500 that was connectted to the test bench in the
following disposition:

Fig. 1. General diagram of the experiment
IV. S IMULATION
In the simulation we have created both an open loop system
and a closed loop system with the Simulink tool provided by
Matlab:
Fig. 2. Open-loop simulation
Fig. 3. Closed-loop simulation
V. E XPERIMENTATION
For the first study we evaluated the open loop system by
entering a frequency value of 20Hz to the frequency variator.
The graph obtained from the Drivelab program is as follows:
Fig. 4. Step response 20 hz input
then we have obtained a transference function which we
tuned using ziegler-nichols
Fig. 5. Step response 40 hz input
Fig. 6. Step response 46.5 hz input
VI. DATA ANALYSIS
After having carried out the studies and obtained the graphs
of the open-loop system with the help of the Drivelab program,
it can be said at a glance that the transfer functions will be
almost the same for each study. The aforementioned can be
supported thanks to the manual calculations that were carried
out where we have found that the transfer functions for each
study are very similar, which proves its validity by having a
constant k and a constant with close values in each case.
Fig. 7. Transference function
Fig. 8. Tuning using Ziegler-Nichols
Something similar also happened when finding the PID
control for each study. The values of the three PID controls
found for each case are similar as well. In addition, it is worth
mentioning that the low values of both the proportional gain,
integral gain and derivative gain indicate that the system has a
very high stability and an almost zero guaranteed error, so we [6] H. González and Ó. Villamizar, “Vista de Implementación de un
can conclude that it would not be very necessary to control sistema de control para regular la velocidad y posición de motores
industriales utilizando el protocolo de comunicación OPC — Revista
this system by a PID. UIS Ingenierı́as,” uis.edu.co, 2018.
[7] C. Leisten, U. Jassmann, J. Balshüsemann, and D. Abel, “Model
VII. C ONCLUSION Predictive Speed Control of a Wind Turbine System Test Bench,”
-With the help of the VFD, we were able to precisely IFAC-PapersOnLine, vol. 51, no. 32, pp. 349–354, 2018, Available:
10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.11.408.
configure and adjust to generate a ramp and a frequency so that
the motor bank works according to the desired requirements.
- Some industrial PLCs have a number of operating modes
and options that can be useful in simplifying processes in
industry but delay their application in specific operations. You
should always decide on the simplest alternatives that facilitate
the operation by the student or have the necessary technical
assistance for proper handling.
- The compatibility between equipment should be examined.
Both of analog outputs that require the use of signal converters
or the case that PLCs, PWMs or other laboratory tools require
a special electrical source. In the event that adequate material
is not available.
-The instruments and tools that are used must be inventoried
following an adequate coding or they could even provide a
brief description of the instrument in order to store them in
adequate places.
- We check that the open-loop system acts only based on
the input and does not use the feedback from the output
to self-correct while the test is being performed. Therefore,
the procedure in the open-loop controller could vary due to
external disturbances.
- An important feature of the VFD is that as the motor speed
requirements changed for a given application, it was able to
increase or decrease the speed of the motor to meet the new
operating requirements. We were able to drive the motor speed
and torque to meet the application requirements by varying the
supply voltage and frequency.
- The simulation has allowed us to analyze and prevent the
behavior of the system and evaluate the coefficients that serve
to refine the PLC in the real application of the control.
- In the simulation of a closed loop control system, it
was observed that a variable can be controlled reliably, that
is, a lower error is obtained between the reference value
and the system output, due to the feedback or feedback and
constant comparison between these two values, in addition to
the advantage of being a completely automatic process.
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