Power Control and Harmonic Current Mitigation from a Wind Power System with PMSG Leonardo P.§. Silva, Denisa de V.Mota, Flavia P. Ruiz, Levy R Cavalcante, Lucas Taylan P. Medeinos, Vanessa S.C. Teixeira, ‘Adon B. Morea Flectrical Engineering Campus Sobral, Federal University of Ceard Sobral, Brazil JeonardoS Spine: @gmail com, denisia vasconcelosO7@gnuil com, flaviaperozamiz@gmuil com, levyrodrigue:S@gmail com, Incastaylanp@gmail com, vanessasct@gmail com, adsorbmereirm@gmail com Abstract— This paper describes a wind power system working with control of active and reactive power ar well at Jnrmonic current compensation Power control is made ‘through stator flux oriented in machine-side converter. The active Biltering is done by grid-ride comverter (CSC) causing to gxid_current waveform without distortions. The algorithm spplied for harmonic mitigation has shown to be effective in improving of power quality. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed research, since through the power contrel of permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSC) and harmonic compensation on CSC war posible to deliver of ower te electric grid, ratinfactrily. Keswords—Permanent magnet synchronous generator, grid side converter, machine-side converter, power control and harmonic compensation. 1. Intropucnion Nominees loads need non sinusoidal cwrents to work. ‘They have been connected to the electic gid and affected power quality, so harmonic cuzents appear on the gid and require more reactive power, then the power factor of the gidis seduced Therefore, the copper losses increase, slong with voltage seg and fluctuation [1], underutilizing the installed capacity, in which the stability of electrical system is damaged. Due to the kind of load thet is connected even ‘when using wind farms connected to the grid the mentioned problems persist. ‘Wind tubines with permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) have been used in wind farms when the generation system has a variable speed It is becoming popular for its loss reduction, less maintenance requirements costs, higher power density, optimal energy efficiency and reliability [2]-[4]. Paper [5] presents a strategy using the mechine-side converter (MSC) to control sts speed, reaching maximum power point tracking (MPP). The generator speed varies between 85 end 100 rad/s end the total harmonic distortion (THD) reduced from 28% to 2,3% in the best case using partial load active support. Authors in [3] studied a contral strategy of PMSG based on the vector control (VC) theory to regulate gid side to achieve unity power factor and machine converter to extract maximum power when the system works at different wind speeds while ublizing MPPT controller. As itis chown in [6], « 14,039 THD seduction cen be obteined using the double fed induction generator (DFIG) end active filtering though gid-side convester (GSC) in the point of common coupling (PCC) with the electrical gid To distribute a better power quality, an active end reactive power control is developed according to the technique of stator fl oriented to the wind power generation system using DFIG with active power filter [7] An active power filter is employed in harmonic filtering using dq variables applied to synchronous reference frame GGRF) theory to provide the emount of harmonic current thet nonlinear loads connected to the PCC request from the gid, so thet distortions do not eppeas. Both operstions occur simultaneously, In this research, « contol strategy of a wind generation system with PMSG is proposed, in Fig 1. The PMSG is connected to the electical gid through a back-to-back converter with the function of filtering harmonic currents in the presence of nonlinear load Two case studies analyze the behavior of the system. Results for power control and hamonic mitigation are presented for generator speeds at 170 and 180 rad/s, 5 ose PCC Pes Qe () MSC + a AN arate) es ca | vat U MSC we L_ Control Harmonic Isolator Fig. 1. Operation design forthe proposed PMSGIAPF. ‘thorized licensed use ited to: Aselland University ofTechnlogy.Dourloaded on June 07,2020 a 0:10:2 UTC fom IEEE Xplore. Resbicons apply.I, POWER CONTROL OF THE PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR ‘The power control of the PMSG is controlled by the orientation of the stator flux in the reference of synchronous rotation directed along the exis d With thet strategy, the active and reactive powers of the stator are decoupled [8]. ‘The dynamic model of e PMSG in the dq reference frame can be represented by equations (1), @2) and@) [8] a Vea = Roviza + Loa = ~ wylagieg o ais, Voq = Rigiog + bag GE + Opleaisa + Oram where Viq and Vjq are the stator voltage components, Ry is the machine resistence, Lyg and lpg ae the stator inductances components, in a round sotor machine (Lea = Lg), ieg antl ig axe the stator current components, w, is generator speed and Ap is magnetic flux ‘The electromagnetic torque in the rotor can written as: Olle tages #Antee Gy ‘where T, is the electromagnetic torque and p is the number of poles. For the control of the generator, two new control, variables are introduced from (1) and (2) ug = Vea + @yLegieg o Veg — eorbadiog ~ Orden © For stator current components regulation, (1) and Q) are rewnite to represent two decoupled, first-order, single-input- single-output (SISO) digg ba Ht Rtg = ta © aieg ag E+ Ratog = Ug ® Equations (6) and (7) regulate igg and igg for their references izg and ijg through the scheme shown in the Fig 2 aie Fig 2. Control scheme of machin-sie converter (MSC). ‘The stator active and reactive power is defined by @ and ©), respectively. 3 B= (eatea + Yateg) ® (Weqisa + Veaiog) ® ‘The contsol of the generator is done by the quadcature turis and considering ijg = 0, therefore, the stator active and reactive power can be revwritten: ao) Vegicg slag ay ‘The PLL (Phase Locked Loop) block generat the grid engle through voltage measurement on PCC to according Tl. ‘The scheme represented in the Fig 3 show the control of GSC contol, where the cuxenis reference are given by (12) end (13), an Poret = 3lvata + vaia] a3) where vy and vg are the gid voltage components and i and fg are the gid cwrent components 3 . “: Oerey = FL —valg + vt] Considering v, = 0 (12) and (13) can be rewritten as (4 and 5) .2 a= SP ay .2 = yyy Qo as ‘ re Fig. 3. Control scheme of i-sde converter (GSC). ‘thorized licensed use ited to: Aselland University ofTechnlogy.Dourloaded on June 07,2020 a 0:10:2 UTC fom IEEE Xplore. Resbicons apply.Il. ACTIVE FILTER ON THE GRID-SIDE CONVERTER The basic idea of harmonic compensation is to implement an active power filter (APF) and do its euwrent control in # closed loop, so the beck-to-back converter acts as an APF injecting an equal cuzent in magnitude, but, displaced by 180°, so that when added with the load cussent ‘will sesult in « sinusoidal waveform in the gid. In order to control the APF, the control structure of the gid-side converter is changed ie, the hamonic curents from the nonlinear loed, inna ending, are added with the reference currents of the control, produced by the reference signal generator in the cuxent contyol scheme ig and ig This chenge allows regulating the voltage on the DC bus, beyond to mitigete the hemonic components of the gid cusrent, as shown in Fig 4 ‘The calculation of reference currents for bermonic compensation, i} and i, is determined by (16) and (17) = tna + 1G ae = fang + iG an Jig. 4. Proposed control scheme of active fikerng For system filtering purposes, an harmonic extractor is implemented This is done by transforming three-phese loed curents in the direct quedratuwe syncltonous reference frame (de), as follows (18) [i] as) 3) 3) where zg, izp and ize are currents measwed at three-phase time-domain, izg and izq are load curents in the direct quedsature synchronous reference frame This transformation in @) is done because in dq) rotating reference frame, the fimdamental component becomes a constant which can pess through a low pass filter to xemove the high frequency components. Therefore, this tensformation allows the cuents ig and tq to pass though the low pass filter, es a consequence, only the fundamental remains in the waveform (Fig 5) In harmonic mitigation the high frequency components sre canceled, when added, For this it is necessary that an isolation should be made only of high frequency cuzent components It is possible by subtracting the current with all, components jpg and fing, of the filter's output current, iy and izyq. The expression for this, is given in (19) and (20), tha = tha — tage ay fang = tag — fq 0) >t A ‘as ud =e ig >| ea, Aye ity iow ig 5. Hemonic Menevier Then currents, ing and izng, are added with the current references generated by the seference signal generator Consequently, when this addition is made, the harmonic components will be mitigated. IV. SIMULATION RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The proposed control strategy for PMSG/APF under speed vasiation is simulated using Metleb/Simulink®. The eurcuit shown in Fig 1 consists of a wind power system with PMSG, a back-to-back converter, electric gid and a three- phase rectifier feeding a nonlinear load The switching frequency of converters is equel to 15 Hz The other parameters used in the simulation are shown in Table | TABLEL SIMULATION PARAMETERS FERAMETERE VALE THEW, OV, Vig fequney, Ry 60H, 329582, PMSG | 1 awe 8 SmH, 0175064 ols ese [ERC Tha, 56,9000, ted [Rabu 15m, 1 Ged | Ms freguney 300V, 60 A Cael In this case, « permanent magnet synchronous generstor operting wes’ analyzed in generfor mode, supplying, & power of 12 LW. A speed version is induded in the fnlysis to shown a system close tothe rel The power produced by PMSG delivered tothe electric grid Gig 6) increeses in accordance with the mactine-ide Convetet con, where the reactive power avanteins the tant power factor through the gids converter with Yq = 0 andig = 0 The destin voltage (Vz) is st to 800 V according to its refecence Vie) established in gid-sde converte control, ‘which is shown in Fig 7-When the generator speed (o) is inctensed to 180 rad/s ax presented inthe Fig &) the de-link ‘thorized licensed use ited to: Aselland University ofTechnlogy.Dourloaded on June 07,2020 a 0:10:2 UTC fom IEEE Xplore. Resbicons apply.voltage, such as active and reactive power remains stable without overshoot | ‘Time (8) ° 3000 ‘ig.9. Curent wavefomns at machine-sidle converter (MSC) in abc-axis aa | ine oe Te) Crarent waveforms of the load, electric gid and GSC Fg 6. Remon tote civ andrea pom dredtoteucne TE obtined when the generetor feeds a nines lod for oo the speed generator of 170 res without harmonic erent vo tigation Gig 10) ol e 9 * - ™ Sey 3 3 = a] go 2 So 5. ‘9 =e Ps 00s 1 is as 3 aa 2 Tne) at Gait Bed 2a 208 WAS Ga Ba BS Te) ‘Fig. 7- Response tothe dc-link vobage ‘Fig. 10. Current wavefoms of the load, electric grid and grid-side = contr cues opengl puede TOP Wht Tana congue a | ‘The load current waveform is distorted and its harmonic i. spectrin iz shown in ig Ul, Theeby, tte omonse =z distortion for the nonlinear load cwrent is aproximately 1. Dae, i sn, Peto on ae NO ATO 8 ‘Time (8) “| Fig 8. Generar Speed, Cusrent waveforms in MSC are shown in Fig 9 in doy axis and phase A Generator control is done by the cquedeeture axis, where i follows sts reference (izz) and ig also follows its reference (if,) easing the phase A cwreat (am) enbancingin the same proportion. Magrtude (% Fundamental) Frequency (He) ig. 11 Specrumot the loud caret ‘thorized licensed use ited to: Aselland University ofTechnlogy.Dourloaded on June 07,2020 a 0:10:2 UTC fom IEEE Xplore. Resbicons apply.For the hermonic spectrum of the gid cusrent opersting at 170 rad/s, whichis shown inFig 12, presents a distortion of 14,60% and for 180 rad/s (Fig 13) is 14,60%. Thus, these values are not according to the limits reccomended by the intemational standarts for generators connecting in low- voltage gxid [9] as a Peart os) 1 49; TH 208 Frequency (He) Fig. 12. Spectro the gid cure without hemenic campenstion athe speedof 10rd 25 a Patan 0) 917012; To 02 ga p as Frequency (He) Fig. 13. Spectrum ofthe gid caret wihowt hemonic compenstion atthe speedof 18D rds Harmonic content of the gid cwrent shows the main hamonics order thet contibutes to this distortion are odd amonics (5, 7 and 11). For efferent speeds, THD, values slmost does not show variation. For consumers connect at PCC, this deformation may cause a distorted voltage B. Case 2 For this case, harmonic compensation and power control of PMSG are done. The generstor works in variable speed supplying « power of 12 KW. Results obtained in Figs. 6 until 9 are the same for both cases, once GSC control is equal. Current waveform of the load, gid and for GSC for the wind system operating with harmonic mitigation st the tuaditionel speed of 170 rad/s, feeding a non-linear load are shown in Fig 14 Thus gid cwrent has a simsoidel waveform when generster working in active filtering mode Hamonic spectrum of gid cuxent with hermonic compensation at the speed generator of 170 ads, in Fig, 15, presents a THD of 3,51%, and Fig 16 shows the gid cusent THD at the speed generator of 180 rad/s of 3,50%. 1 bes Maw gs is e a] = ot AAN™ ts Lae “IAs BAIS 242 2425 203 DASE DMA DAS BAS Tre) Fig. 14. Curent waveforms ofthe lad, grid end gpd side converter carens operating tthe tadiional speed of 170 045 veh eon ‘compenstin, Pandan 0) 1.748; WO ANA Magetude (% Fundamentat) Frequency (He) Jig. 15. Spectrum ofthe gid cura wih umamic compensition st he speed of 17D radls anaaertal ew) 3676, HE 500% Magritude (% Fundamentt) Frequency (He) Fig. 16. Humonic content ofthe gid curent wih hamamic compensiton ‘ie speedef 180s Comparing the case 1 with case 2 is possible to note the amonic compesation of the gid current has attenuation, due its odd harmonic components were attenuated, 0s verified in Fig 12 end 15, which THD, was reduced from 14,63% to 3,51% , Fig 13 and 16 from 14,60% to 3,50%, respectively, ‘thorized licensed use ited to: Aselland University ofTechnlogy.Dourloaded on June 07,2020 a 0:10:2 UTC fom IEEE Xplore. Resbicons apply.V. Conciusion ‘The purpose of this peper is to investigate a wind power system with « PMSG under speed variation opereting in twaditional mode of power generation (cese 1), and e system working with harmonic cwrent mitigation of the gid and pawer control of generator (case 2). The power delivered to the gad and de-link voltage are maintained the same in both case. Thereby, the technique based on stator flux oriented proved to be efficient for the power generetion. Comparing harmonic content of the gid before the hhermonic compensation end after implementation of the active filtesing algorithm, for 170 rad/s was decreased of 14,63% to 3,51% end 180 rad/s of 1460% to 3,50% Therefore, is possible to confirm thet the THD hes been reduced ‘to scceptable levels in accordance with intemafional standards. Thus, the harmonic compensation strategy incorporated into « wind generator with PMSG improves power quality ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ‘This work was supported by FUNCAP grant code BP3- 0139-00022.01 00/18 REFERENCES DB] A.B. Morea, TA 5. Bares, V. S.C. Teiaka , PSF NASCIMENTO Puppet, “Metodologa ¢ projets de contole de potincas pre grado eolice« firagem de carente amare com (gander de andufio duplmmte alimmtade”. ia: CBA20I6 - S00 Eongesso Brasileiro de Automitica, 2016, Viteri-ES. CBAIOI6 - 30H Congesso Erasilero de Automatica, 2616 b] RM. Pandora, A. Usnm, B.S. Rapwoht, KN. Savsive, “DMSG based vend energy generation system: Bhargy mavdniotion snedts coro", 2017 Th Btemutional Conference an Power Systems. B] ¥ Brumi, M-Oussuid, M. Mauri, “Conrol of « PMSG based wind energy guration sjsu for power muxmization an gid ful Conditions", ergy Procediavol 42,pp.220~229,2013, ] D.M Mino, ¥ Moti, J. Gyselnck, and J. 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