‘As per the latest Reduced and i for Semester-2 Exami Geograp Question Bank with Model Test Papers For Class 10 x$ Wavaeas ohia x CISCE’s Modified Assessment Plan for Academic Year 2021-22 Reduced and Bifurcated Syllabus for Semester-2 Examination \ Chapterwise Summary and Important Points | | Chapterwise Question Bank having all varieties of expected Questions with answers for Semester-2 Exarnination to be held in March-April, 2022 ‘Specimen Question Paper (Solved) for Semester-2 Examination issued by CISCE 5 Model Test Papers based on the latest specimen question paper issued by CISCE for Semester-2 Examination to be held in March-April, 2022 vu 7 ¥ SQYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN is, ¢ NEW DEL YP > § SF & yor Row On _OySECTION A: QUESTION BANK ; | ‘UNIT 2 : Maps of India 1. Maps of India UNIT 8 : Minerals and Energy Resources =p 2. Minerals and Energy Resources - 1 at aghang tag 8. Minerals and Energy Resources - II =: et ee 17-29 UNIT 9: Agriculture 4. Agriculture in India- I: Introduction 5. Agriculture in India— I: Food Crops 6. Agriculture in India - IIT ; Cash Crops UNIT 10 ; Manufacturing Industries 7. Manufacturing Industries in India ~ Agro-based 8. Manufactyring Industries in India I : Mineeadbaced UNIT 11: ort 9. ‘TsSrisport : unre : Waste Management ON i. Waste Management — Impact df Waste Accumulation 11. Waste Generation and Management - Methods of Safe Disposal of Waste SECTION B Nearly kg manganese is required for manufgp}eing one tonne of steel. » 4, WaSch state is the leading producer of papanese in India? Mention the areas eet ing \Glinganese in this state. \o s India. It ig mined in surg. Koraput, ‘Odisha is the Feading producer of pusass in Bolangir Sambalpur, Kalahandi, Ketnyhar and Mayurbhanj districts of OdishaeS ron ore? Name the states where iw Found. 5, Why Siderite is considered an inferior ‘Ans. Siderite is an inferior ore and has many impurities. It has only 10% to 402% pure iron, It is sel fluxing due to presence of lime. Ie is found in Gujarat, Karnataka, Himachal Pradesh and Rajasthan. 6. Where is copper found in Rajasthan? ‘Ans, In Rajasthan, copper is found at Khetri-Singhara belt in Jhunjhunu district, Ajmer, Alwar, Bhilwara and Chittorgarh. 7, State the most important use of the following: Iron ore (i) Copper jron-ore is used in stecl making, slag is used Gi) Copper is mainly used in ¢lectrieal machinery, telephones. } 8. State the uses of steel in India. | ‘Ans. Stee] is used in a variety of construction materials such as applications include ship building, pipeline transport, mining, armour and vehicle armour etc. It is also mined in for cement and sludge for fertilizer. ‘Ans. automobile industry, stainless steel and | bolts, nails and screws ete. Other | furniture and armour like ‘personal | 9. Define the term ‘rock’, ‘Ans. Rocks arg.eymbinations or aggregates of mineruls,inyvarying proportions Some rocks consist of a singleyineral, e.g., limestone while most roe SQasist of several minerals. s ze Ste SO Gopal TESE Geogragiy uesion Bank with MiP Class 10 for Semester- ination \O \O NO _OH \ . & or oayi eon e W)Name four manganese ore-producing sits of India. AS sails The four manganese producing stats 4 ce (a) Kamataka (b) Odishe (c) Madhya Pradesh (4) ‘Maharashtra 11. (i) Name two types of Iron ore mined in India. (ii) State two uses of copper. ‘Two types of iron ore mined are, Magnetite and Haematite. (i) Two uses of copper are: + Ic is mainly used in electrical machinery and automobile industry. + It is widely used for making alloys such as brass and with tin as bronze. iveritional energy sources. Ans, 12. Give two advantages that non-conventional energy sources have aver cot ‘Ans, Advantages of non-conventional sources ate: (i) These are renewable sourees of energy, e.g, solar energy, wind energy. (ii) These do not eause any pollution. 13, Name the following (i) A metallic mineral for which the Balaghat district of Madhya Pradesh is famous. (ii) The mineral that toughens steel and makes it rust-proof. Ans, (i) Manganese (ii) Manganese 14. Give reasons for the following: ) Copps sed to make electric wires. ia = (ii) Miné#als are non-renewable resources. 4@ Ans. @, ep jis used to make electric wires @ it is a good conductor of electri Coe gow finerals are non-renewable sssoureey Beause they are exhaustible and it ig op ‘easy to & replace them. & oe eS Which is the largest manganese mit Yn India? ‘Ans, Balaghat Mine is the largest mine in India, which is endowed with rich stores ae manganese and copper. It is also the deepest underground manganese mine in Asia. 16. Which variety of iron ore is found in Odisha Jharkhand Belt? ‘Ans. In Odisha Jharkhand Belt a high grade of hematite ore is found in Badampahar mines in Mayurbhanj and Kendujhar districts. fn Singhbhum district hematite ore is mined in Gua and Noamundii 17. What is the status of iron ore in India? ‘Ans, In India, Odisha is the leading state in the production of iron ore, It accounts for more than 55% of the total produetion followed by Chhattisgarh producing almost 17%, This is’ followed by Kamataka and Jharkhand producing 14% and 11% respectively. B, ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS (3 Marks Each) 1, State the reason for Magnetite being considered as the best quality of iron ore. Name the state where it is found. ‘Ans, Magnetite is considered the best quality of fron ore because: (a) It contains 72% of pure iron. (b) It is reddish in colour and has magnetic properties, hence it is called magnetite. (©) Magnetit variety of iron ore is found in Andhra\Pradesh, Goa, Kerala, Ta Kars Geral SE Ggianl Oreon Bank wish MTP Clas Ojo Sener? Banaion oS 2 ye OooF nas oO 4, 2,@hawer the given questions briefly: _Q) ‘ x 4° What are the properties of li ariety of iron ore? " & (ii) In which states limonite is foun Gii) What is the main use of limonite? Ans, (i) Limonite is yellow or brown in colot to 60% pure iron. It is inferior jn Himachal Pradesh (in Kangra war and contains 40% quality. i) It is found in Raniganj, (W.B.) Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Valley’. ii) Limonite is used as a pigment in the manufacture of paints. 3. State the three main uses of copper- ‘Ans. Three main uses of copper are (a) It is in great demand in the industrial and elecirical conduetivity , - (b) It is mainly used in electrical machinery, automobile industry, maiee and telephones, (c) It is also used in railway equipment industry and other engineering 7 4, Give the distibution of manganese in the following #268" @) Odisha (ii) Kamataka ‘Mabarashira aiviigsik:Bicapet Hin ‘Ans. (i) Odisha is the leading producer of manganase and it 15 rmined in Surdargeeh, Korap gir, Sambalpur, Kalahendi, Keonjhar and Mayurbhanj districts, _ ‘eine second largest producer and deposits are found mainly in ‘Tomkur, Ball 1 field because of is high ductility, and high thermal | > saci > reboara and Ratagii districts. The manga ‘od here is of high quality anc SO \o (i) The primary use of iron ore is in AGrrocesion of iron. Most of the irom pr ‘ed ig used tee < re to make pig iron, sponge iron and ; (ii) Steel is used to make automobilés, locomotives, ships, beams used in Buildings, furniture, paper clips, tools, reinforcing rods for-concrete, bicycles, and thousands of other items. tron and steel together form the largest manufactured products in the world. It is used widely in construction of roads, railways, appliances, buildings, machines, tools and automobiles. 6. Name the three states in India where iron ore is found. ‘Ans, India has the world’s largest reserves of iron, iLe., approximately 6.6% of world's known reserves. Most of the iron ore of India comes from peninsular India, Distribution of iron ore is as follows: (i) Karnataka has large reserves of magnetite and haematite. The important deposits are found | in Ballari, Hospet, and Sandur in Bellari distriet, Babu Budon hills and Kudrersukh are important mining areas in Chikkomagaluru district, Chitradurgga, Shivamogga and Tumkur districts also produce iron ore, (ii) Chhattisgarh is a major producer of iron ore in India, The deposits are found in Durg and Bastar districts. Dalli and Rajhara iron ore fields and Bailadila are the major mining areas where good quality haematite iran ore is found, aia) Cod . js Gil) 2 Fae is ined Producer of iron ore, Here good quality haematite is mined in the districts et Siew Mavurbhan Keonjhar, Cuttack, and Koraput districts. Also, Badampahat, ; i, Kirburu, Bohnai, Sulaipet and Umarkot are important iron ore fields. i 1. avd the three states where copper is found, ms. ieee copper in India is as follows: > i) In Madhy 4 = "oe iya Pradesh has become the daygest producer, surpassing, Rejasthanspn 4 ‘ & Gevals ICSE Geography Bhatlon Rank ith MEP Clas 10 jor Semester ‘ x ieee YO , x NO Gite the mein uses of ion ore. | ‘arashtra, the main belt is in Nagpur, | in groefdemand. es SO & inationstate has a large deposit of copper 1) In Rajasthan, copper is found at Khetri-Singhara belt in Jhuajhunn distri6.1t is also mined in Ajmer, Alwar, Bhilwara and Chittorgarh (iii) harkhand is the third largest producer state of copper im the country. Copper is mined in Hazaribagh and Palamu districts. 8. What are the important uses of manganese in India? ‘Ans, Manganese is the most important mineral for making iron and steel. Nearly 9 ke manganese is required for manufacturing one tonne of steel. Its other important uses are stated below: (i) It is used for manufacturing bleaching powder, insecticides, dry batteries and china clay. (ii) It makes steel strong, removes impurities and makes it immune to rusting. iii) Itis used in creating an alloy with aluminium to produce a metal that is resistant to corrosion. 9. State briefly the distribution of manganese in India ‘Ans. Main areas of manganese are: (i) Odisha is the leading producer and it is mined in Surdargarh, Koraput, Bolangir, Sambalpur Kalahandi, Keonjhar and Mayurbhanj districts. (ii) Kariataka is the second largest producer and deposits are found mainly in Tumkur, Ballari, Shivamogga and Chitradurg, (iii) In Madhya Pradesh the main belt where manganese is found is in Chhindwara and Balaghat district . \ 10. Mention >. major iron ore belts of India, & » Ans, The threénajor ironore belis of India are as foH Ws: (ipha-harkhand belt. we Oe Puri Bastar-Chandrapar belt in cree and Maharashtra, Bellary-Chitradurga-Chikmaglur-Tuiakur belt in Karnataka, \ 11, Write any three characteristics of the sauthern-most iron ore belt Bellary-Chitradurga-Chikmaglur-Tumkur belt is the southern-mast iron ore belt. ‘Characteristics: * This belt in Kamataka has large reserves of iron-ore, + Kudremukh mines in the Western Ghats are known to be one of the largest in the world. + Kudremukh is a 100 per cent export unit and the ore is transported as slurry through a pipeline to a port near Mangalore. 12, (i) State two main properties of magnetite iron ore. (ii) Where is manganese mined in Kamataka? iii) Name the manganese ore producing state of India, ‘Ans, (i) Magnetite is the best quality of iron ore and contains 72% of pure iron, It is called magnetite because: + It is reddish in colour + It has magnetic properties (ji) Kamataka is the second largest producer of manganese with about 30% production, It is mined in north Canara, Vijapura, Chikkamagaluru, Ballari, Shivamogga, Chitradurg and Tumakuru districts, (iii) The four manganese producing states are, Karnataka, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh and Madara > Goyal ICSE Geng oy Qreton Bonk with MTP Clas 1 Som ‘Examination oF or ge ie TN oOoWo eX 13. Giydeographical reasons for the follow: 40 Minerals are important in our dail Gi) Anthracite is used for domestic phrposes. i) Copper is considered an important mineral. ns. @) Minerals are important because availability of them effects the development of a country ‘Agriculture is also affected by the availability of minerals in the form of fertilisers. (ii) Anthracite is used for domestic purposes as it has very high carbon content and emits very less smoke, (iii) Copper is considered an important min automobile industry, stainless steel and telephones. eral because it is used in electrical machinery, 14. State three uses of copper as 2 mineral. Ans. Three main uses of copper are as follows (i) Most copper mined foday is used to conduct ele (ii) Its aiso an excellent conductor of heat and is use ctricity - mostly as wiring. 4d in cooking utensils, heat sinks, and heat exchangers. ; 5 Large amounts are also used to make alloys such a5 brass (copper and zitic) and bronze (copper. tin, and zine). 15, State any three characteristics of eopper ‘Ans, Some basic characteristics of copper ate the following: @ Copper agaity forms alloys with other metals... - ; Gi) It is s64 malleable, ductile, and an excellent cofictor of heat and clectricity, and it reggt? cafpasion. (YGF terms of industrial use, 1¢CWhat are the uses of manganese? dns) Properties of manganese are: eS (i) It is used in making iron and steel. (Gi this used for manufacturing bleaching powsler, dry balteries and clay (ii) Wmakes steel strong removes inpurities makes it immune to rusting | nd P copper ranks . behind iron and aluminum, pe 5 Oe 17. Mention the variety. of iron ere found in India. ‘Ans. India has large iron ore reserves. It occurs in various gcol deposits gre found in voleano-sedimentary Banded [ron Formation (BIF) (i) Magnetite is the best quality of iron ore and contains 72% of pure iron. logical formations but major economic (ii) Haematite contains 60%-70% pure iron. (ii) Limonite is inferior in quality and contains 40%-60% pure iron. | 18. Name any three types of Coal found in India, Which type of Coal is mostly used in Iron and Steel industries. Ans. (@) Bituminous Bituminous coal Anthracite is used in Iron and stecl industries. coo ra > ‘Goyal ICSE Geergraphy ae Bank with MTP Class 10 for Semester Bina ] yo yo \ 16es a LN 1@ oF oO Minerals arid Energy Resources - Il SUMMARY © Energy is an essential input for industrial and economic development and for improving, the standard of living © Energy output is obtained from commercial sources like coal, petroleum and electricity, @ In the 21st century, human race has woken up (o the hazards of Global warming, depleting mineral resources ‘and need to cut down carbon emissions. © The energy sources which cannot be compensated, once these are used (after their exploitation) are termed as conventional energy sources, ¢.g., coal, petroleum and natural gas. Coal is @ conventional source of energy and an inflammable organic substance composed of hydrocarbons found in sedimentary rocks. * Depending upon the percentage of carbon present, four varieties of coal are, anthracite, bituminous, lignite and peat. © Anthracite is the best quality of coal and contains aver 80% carbon and it is hard, compact and black in colour, found only in Jammu and Kashmir in small quantity. of bituminous coal(brown coal ofederior quality) is very high due to hi carbon and low moisture content. > oS + Birumingus coal is friable in nature and containgafiare of moisture and less of combustible @pter 1» PajtGe the first stage of transformation of w46d¥ to coal. yor # esniains about 50% -60% carbon andeEMits more smoke and leaves lot of asgcler burning. ‘Win India, Jharkhand, Odisha, West Betta and Madhya Pradesh account for néarly 90% of coal Tescrves. © Coal is used in generation of electric power for mineral-based industries like iron and steel and cement industries. © Gondwana coal fields of coal are located in Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, West Bengal and Maharashtra. © Tertiary coal fields are new and mostly consist of lignite and pest having less carbon content hence are of poor quality. # Buming coal emits harmful wastes such as carbon dioxide, sulphuric acid, arsenic, ash, nitrogen oxide and sulphur dioxide. © Petroteum also called mineral oil, is the oil obtained from rocks particularly sedimentary rocks of the Earth. © Petroleum and petroleum products are mainly used as locomotive power. * Petroleum emits very little smoke and leaves no ash and can be used to the last drop. © It provides the most important lubricating agents and is used as an important raw material for various petrochemical products © Oil was first discovered in India, at Makum in the north-east part of Assam, in 1867. ika.Qetrol, kerosene and diesel oil, paren appa, medicines, plastic and ier 7 & © Mineral oil ii main. source of many products wax, vascling‘ahd benzene and also used for maki Bont TSE Googe (Question Bank with MIP Class 10 for Semestes? Examination "SS yor yo1g 7S @ Offshore sea at Mumbai & (Gii)Nuclear Electricity. yor yo \o 7 \“ oe dThe amain areas of mineral oil aeposiy\e - sein and Aliabet. i) Digboi, Naharkatiya, Rudra Sgar and Nunmati in Assam. In Gujarat, Ankleshwar, Koyali, Kalol and Navgaon are the important oilfields. {iv) Others are Kosamber, Mchsana, Dholka and Lune}, © Cilfields of India are of two types, namely on-shore oil-fields and off-shote oil-ficlds ie, Og shore Gil-fields in North-Eastem India, On-shore Oil-fields in Western India, On-shore Oil-fieldg in Southern India, Bombay High (Offshore oil field). i ® Petroleum is a fossil fuel that accumulates in porous rocks from fossils of plants, animals ang other organisms that lived millions of years ago. © Natural gas is a gas consisting primarily of Methane and created in two primary ways ig, Biogenic mechanism and Thermogenic gas. 4 © The Gas Authority of India Ltd, (GAIL) is doing pioneer work in the field of natural gas) exploration, © About 65% gas comes from Mumbai ‘Tripura and Basscin. © Natural gas is a cheaper matter in trash, Natural gas can be efficiently and safely stored and like other fossil fuels, natural gas still does oh, and the rest 35% is produced by Assam, Tamil Nadu, 1+ renewable resource and can be created in the landfills from degradable create green-house gas emissions. @ Natural eis highly volatile and can be dangeraus)if handled or transported carelessly. © Nat as is colorless, odorless and tasteless ¢ ch makes its leak detection difficult. Oe oe! types of electricity is recognized ging on the raw material used ang de ol \Gptaduetion, viz, (i) Hydroelectricity, (Ii) wérmal Electricity (including steam, gy ol * @ Flectricity generated from the rougSt ‘water falling from a height is called €ydraclectricity. © Hydroclectricity is renewable, cheap, clean and environmentally benign source of energy and will be available to us in the future © Hydel power is inexhaustible and renewable source of power whereas coal — the major factor in thermal power — is exhaustible and non-renewable. © A multipurpose project is a large-scale hydro project often including dams for water retention, ‘canals far irrigation, water processing and pipelines to supply water to cities and power generation. ¢ A multipurpose project on a river valley is started to provide manifold benefits simultaneously relating to the developmental work in a region, ¢ The Bhakra Nangal project, the largest multipurpose project of India, commissioned in 1963, i a joint venture of Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan Governments. © Bhakra Nangal Dam is constructed across the river Sutlej at the site of Bhakra Gorge in the Siwaliks about 80km north of Ambala city. © ‘Main purpose of the project is generation of hydroelectric power. Electricity is supplied to Punjab, Haryana, parts of Rajasthan and Delhi for industrial, agricult and domestic uses. 4 © Hirakud Dam also called Mahanadi River Project, was built (in 1953) across the Mahanadi HV) about 15 km from Sambalpur in the state of Odisha in India i © Hirakud epee makes valuable contribution to thpy@idustrial development of Odisha as th @ch in mineral resources like iron, bayy@le and manganese etc. J co Gopal ICSE GeagraplgXQuestion Bank with MTP Class Tir Sener ot Oy 4ae & Bd er er benefits of Hirakud project are soil OXration in the Mahanadi valley, fish i and Srvater sports, Nuclear energy is the energy ror neutrons and protons end ean wie to produce electricity. © The main raw materials used for generation of atomic energy'is Uranium, Plutonium, Beryllium and Thorium. © The first nuclear power station was developed in Tarapur in 1969. © The other plants are located at Kalpakkam in Tamil Nadu, Rana Pratap Sagar in Kota, Narora in Uttar Pradesh and Kakrapara near Surat in Gujarat. © The generation of power electricity through nuclear energy reduces the amount of energy generated from fossil fuels (coal and ofl). fe Less use of fossil fuel lowers the greenhouse gas emissions (CO, and others) hence helps in reducing pollution. ‘© The waste produced by nuclear reactors needs to be disposed off at a safe place since they are extremely hazardous, © The sun, water and wind have been the in-exhaustible sources of energy, also known as Non- conventional or Alternative sources of energy for time immemorial. © ‘These sources of energy are available freely and in abundance and they are renewable so there is no fear of their getting exhausted or depleted. ‘© They are environment friendly and do not produce any waste or equse pollution. ary saurce of energy and it provides ppdrormous amounts of energy in the a iation reaching the surface of the Ea of sl ge # Woof snotier important sours of non -conyietional energy. Se afer Tong, energy from. wind has been uliliagDNo produce mechanical energy from win used Stor pumping and running flour mil SS @ The first wind farms in India i in 1986 in coastal regions wnaifet: Gujarat, Maharashtra and Odisha. © Biogas (or gobar gas) is based on the use of dung to produce gas which is used as domestic fuel and for lighting streets and homes, especially in rural areas. © This technique is based on the decomposition of organic matter in the absence of air to yield gas consisting of methane ($5%) and carbon dioxide (45%) which can be used as a source of energy. © The rise and fall of the surface water of the oceans due to gravitational pull of the moon and sun is called tide, @ Sun is th . - India the Gulf of Kutch provides ideal conditions for exploiting tidal energy for generation of power. Tidal energy is renewable and environment friendly it ly because it does not take up a lot of space and does not emit any greenhouse gases. ‘ oy But the turbine frames may potentially disrupt the natural movement, marine animals and the onstruction of the whole plant may also disturb the migration of fish. ‘The energy derived by exploiting this ph Bream aes emp tik pememmmin the intemal heat of the Earth, is known T oo experimental projects to develop this form of energy have been set up, one in Parvati valley im: sh and the other in Pupa valley idakkh.~ QUESTION BANK QUESTIONS (2 Marks Each) 1. What is meant by conventional sources of energy? ‘| Ans. Conventional sources of energy are those energies that have heen predominantly in use from ting immemorial. They are non-renewable in nature, Once a sample of conventional energy souree jg | used up, it cannot be used again. Fossil fuels are the main sources of conventional energy, They include petroleum, coal and natural gas. 2. Why energy is important? How is it ebtained? Ans. Energy is an essential input for industrial and economic development and for improving the standard of living. Energy output is obtained from commercial sources like coal, petroleum and electricity. 3. List ovo main disadvantages of conventional sources of energy. ‘Ans. (i) Conventional sources of energy ate exhaustible, (Gi) They cause pollution when used as they emit smoke and ash. 4, List two main advantages of conventional sources of energy. Ans. (i) These are highly efficient and are used for home as well as commercial purposes. | (ii) These are easily available in abundance throughout the year. | 5. How will you define coal? ‘Ans. Coal is a gapbentional source of energy. It is an Pena organic substance compossisb er | hydro found in sedimentary roeks. 6 6. Stat main advantages of coal. . L Sf ‘Ans, Ty) ’main advantages of coal are Rey oe GG) Primary source of energy: In India aft is the main source of power aencrae@) ‘Most of the > industries, ¢.g., iron and steel and ‘wiriely of chemical industries depend of coal for their intake of power. Gi) Easy to bum: Coal has a high calorific value and therefore we get more energy by burning 1 small quantity of coal as compared to other sources. 1e availability 7. Which state has the largest reserves of coal in India? ‘Ans. In India, Jharkhand has the largest reserves of coal (33 Bokaro, Giridih and Karanpura. (i) Name one fossil fuel and mention an area where it is found. (ii) Give one disadvantage of using the fassil fuel mentioned, Ans. (i) Coal is a fossil fuel. It is found in Jharkhand (Jharia and Bokaro). Gi) Burning coal emits harmful wastes such as carbon dioxide, sulphuric acid, ash etc. leading to pollution. 3%). The main coalfields are -Jharia, 9. Which is the most abundantly avaitable fossil fuel in India? Name its four major forms. Ans. Coal is the most abundanily available fossil fuel in India. Its four major forms are: (i) Anthracite Gi) Lignite Gii) Bituminous (iv) Peat 10, State any two characteristics of anthracite coal. Ans, Anthracite is the best quality of coal and contains over 80% carbon. It is hard, compact and black in colour. It is found only in Jammu and Kashmir in small quantity. A. (i) Name one fossil fuel which is considered environment friendly. Gi) Which jae main source of energy in India? SSP S — @ 20 So Gaal’ ICSE Geography Queston Bank with MEP Class 10 for Semester? iw } \or or _O. _OyPf oe LP eS) Ans, SGP Natural ‘gas is considered environment f@hly Alii) The main source of energy in India GWesil fuel especially coal. Cin. Classify energy resources into two pS . Give two examples of each. a "Ans. Energy resourees can be classified as conventional and non-conventional sources. Conventional sources include—firewood, eattle-cung cake, coal, petrolewm, natural gas, ete. Non-conventional sources include—solar, wind, tidal, geotherntal energy and biogas. (i) Name any fwo most impostant coal producing states of India (ji) What is Anthracite? {i) Important coal producing states are (I) Jharhand, (2) Odisha and (3) West Bengal. (ii) Anthracite is the highest quality of hard coal. 14. Give reasons for the following: (i) The calorific value of bituminous coal is very high. (ii) Natural gas is a cheap source of energy. (@) The calorific value of bituminous coal is very high due to high proportion of earban and low 1B. Ans. Ans. moisture content. (ii) Natural gas is a cheap source of eneray lecause it ean be ereated im the, landfills from degradable matter in trash. 15. What is petroleum’? ‘Ans. Petroleum is the oil obtained from rocks, particularly sedimentary rocks of the Barth. It is also called mineral ail. king, petroleum is an inflammable liquid that is composed of hydrocarbons which Technically constinmte@pP% to 95% of petroleum anc the remainigg® chiefly compounds containing oxygen,¢ nitrogen ind sulphur. : 16. Nate three areas where petroleum is ff India. oF Gijarat, Mumbai High and Assam are igre main areas where petroleum is found 7 sf) State main uses of petroleum in Indiag S Ss ‘Ans, Three main uses of petroleum are: (i) It is used as a fuel and plays a major role in land, sea and air wansportation, (i) After refining, petroteum is used in the production of various petrochemicals like gasoline, lubricating oil, printing ink etc (iil) Ik is also used for power generation. 18, Why petroleum is considered important for various petrochemical products? ‘Ang, Petroleum emits very litle smoke and leaves no ash and can be used to the last drop. It provides the most importent lubricating agents and therefore, it is used as an important raw material for various petrochemical products. 19. List the major oil fields in India. Ans. Major oil fields in India are: 6) On-shore Oil-fields in North-Eastem India (ji) On-shore Gil-fields in Westem India (iii) On-shore Oil-fields in Souther India (iv) Bombay High (Offshore oil field) 20. Where is natural gas produced in India’? Ans, Natural gas has become an important source of energy in India. The Gas Authority of India Ltd, (GAIL) is doing pioneer work in the field of natural gas exploration. noes some from Mumbai High, the rest 35% is produced by Assam, ‘Tamil Nadu, gi Gopal s I eT CSE: See Question Hank with MTP Class 10 for Sei wnination Os ¥ Bae NG oeSZ iS) 3@ 3 apse the main problems of natural gas,\¢ oe agi. Flaring of gas is a common probleg takes place, due to & ities. x$ (@ Lack of required compressioratid transport facil (ii) Lack of technical help for operational safety. 22, Name the types of electricity recognized depending on the raw production, Ans, Following are the types of of production: (i) Hydroelectr (i) Thermal Electricity (including steam, 82: (ii) Nuclear Electricity 23. Why hydroclectscity is gaining importance in the modern days? Ans, Hydrocleetricity is gaining importance because: (i) It is renewable. (ii) It is cheap, clean and environmental! (iii) Tt will be available to us in the future also. 24. i) What is hydrocleetricity”? | ; {Gi} Stote any two factors necessary for installing Hydroelectricty Power Projects. ‘Ans. (i) Electricity generated from the force of water falling from a height is called hydroelectricity, (ii) Fectors.necessary for installing Hydroelectricity Power Projects are: ‘nous area where water falls from a peieht, » fore releasing in hydel channel material used and mode op f electricity recognized depending on the raw material used and mode 13 and oil) | ly benign source of energy. +Q¥iler should be stored in artificial resent ‘are Multipurpose Projects? S$ S ‘multipurpase project is a large-scale h§d¥o project often including dams for Ave retention, 2 anals for irrigation, water processin@ and pipelines to supply water to a 5 and power generation. For example, Bhakra Nadgal Project. Hirakud Project ete. 26. Which is the largest multi-purpose project of India? ‘Ans. The Bhakra Nangal project is the largest multipurpose project of India. It is a joint venture of Punjab, Haryana ond Rajasthan Governments, It was commissioned in 1963. Bhakra Dam, at 7AL ft (226 m) is one of the highest dams in the world. 27. Give the names of power houses under Bhakra Nangal Project. Ans, There are four power houses under this project at Bhakra, Ganguwal, Nangal and Kotla. In addition to this, there are the Guru Nanak Thermal Power plant at Bhatinda and the hydroelectric power station at Pong dam. 28, Where is Hirakud Dam built? Ans, The Hirakud Dam also called Mahanadi River Project, is built across the Mahanadi River, about 15 km from Sambalpur in the state of Odisha in India It was built in 1953 and was formally inaugurated by the Prime Minister, Pandit Jawarharlal Nebr on 13th January 1957. , 29. (i) Where is Hirakud dam located? (ii) Give the names of its canals. Ans, (i) Hirakud Bam is one of the longest dams of the world, located at a distance of I5km from vy eee sity of Sambalpur. Hirakud Dam is built across the Mabanadi River, about 1S (9.3 mi) from Sambalpur in the Bate edisia in India, Behind the dam miss irakud Reservoir, $5 km (34 mi) long > sr 22L ce. | & ii] alley projects started after India’ SYis one of the first major multipurpose . Hirakud Dam hes three canals, naméQBergath Main Canal, Sason Canal an@)Stimbalpur é eS Canal. «S$ x! 30. Mention two advantages of using non-conventional sources of power. 4 gis, Two advantages of using non-conventional sources of energy are the following: (a) These sources are renewable, so there is no fear of their geting exhausted or depleted. ; (b) They are environment friendly and do not produce any waste or cause pollutian, 431. List four non-conventional energy resources. ‘Ans. Solar energy, wind power, biogas and geo-thermal energy are non-conventional energy resources. 32. Which renewable energy source is considered the best? ‘Ans. Although all of the different forms of renewable energy can be used, but the most effi of renewable energy are geothetmal, solar, wind, hydroeleetricity, and biomass er bio gas. 33. What is meant by renewable energy? ‘Ans. Renewable energy, often referred to as clean energy, comes from natural sources oF processes that are constantly feplenished. For example, sunlight or wind keep shining and blowing, even if their availability depends on time and weather. Thus, sunlight and wind are renewable energy. 34, What is meant by non-renewable energy? ‘Ans, Non-tenewable energy includes fossil fuels such as oil, gas, and coal. These sources of energy ‘ are available only in limited amounts and take a long time to replenish. For example, when we pump gas at the station, we arc using a finite resource refined from crude oil that has been around sinee pre-historic times, Non-renewable energy sources.gre also typically found in specific pa of the wee nang ‘them more plentiful in se than others. y 35, How dive get bio gas? & , Ams. Bigditss is organic material that comes si ‘nd animals. Biomass contains stoyéd'nergy fom the sun, When biomass is burned, thp\shemical energy in biomass is releas t. This Gs bumed directly or converted to liquif{tbiofuels or biogas. 6. Why do we need non-conventional eflergy resources’? ~“ “Ans. As the consumption of energy grows, the population depends more and more on fossil fuels such. as coal, oil and gas day by day. There is a need to secure the energy supply for furure since the prices of gos and oil keep rising by each passing day. Therefore, we need non-conventional energy resources to meet the demand of growing population, 37. Define fuel. List any two characteristics that you would loak for in a good fuel. Ans. Fuel is a substance that produces useful energy when it burns or undergoes a chemical or nuclear & reaction, The fuel such as coal, wood, oil, or gas provides energy when burned, A goad fuel is ihe one which produces a huge amount of heat on burning. It does not produce a lot of smoke and harmful gases. Besides this, it should be easily available. $ 38, State any three reasons to justify that LPG is considered as an ideal fuel. Ans. LPG is considered as an ideal fuel because fficient forms i (i) It is easy to store, handle and transport. (ii) It produces large amount of heat on burning. Gi) It does not leave any residue on burning, 39, Give reasons: (@ Biogas is also known as gobar gas. G Gi) Bioga i yery useful in rural areas > + a terial for biogas is mainly cow dun; therefore it is also known as gol ss 2 Gos FT - { SwNICS8 Bkegraphy Question Bark with MIP Class 10 for Seglyter-2 Examination .o B | ye \o & & =o or m\ye ween SE PS \G2 Biogas is useful in rural areas bead: Res © + This an excelent fuel which Jnffas without smoke with high heating eGaciy. « + It is also used for lightingx * x ’ B. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS (3 Marks Each) 1. What are the main hazards of 21st century? Ans, Now in the 21st century, human race has woken up to the hazards of () Global warming (ii) Depleting mineral resources Gil) Need to cut down carbon emissions 2. (i) What are the conventional sources of energy? | Gi) State any three disadvantages of conventional sources of energy. Ans. (i) The energy sources which cannot be compensated, once these are used (after their exploitatog are termed as conventional energy sources, @.g.. coal, petroleum and natural gas. 1} (ii) Its disadvantages are: + Conventional sources are exhaustible. + They cause pollution when used as they emit smoke and ash. nd transmitted. + They are very expensive to be maintained, stored a 3. Why is there a pressing need to use non-cofiventional sourees of energy in India? Explain any three reasons. Ans, There is @ sing need to use non-conventional sources of energy in India because: 1¢ growing consumption of energy sulted in becoming increasingly d jl fuels such 2s coal, oil and gas are found in limited quantity on eee (ii) Basing prices of oil and gas and their pofeiitial shortages have raised uncertainti \CSecurity of energy supply in furarey Qh in tur hes serious repercussions <& of the national economy. @ 7 i) Increasing usc of fossil fuels alga uses serious environmental degrada ike air pollution, water pollution ete. So there is an urgent need to use sustainable energy resources i solar, water, wind, tide biomass ete. 4, What are the geographical advantages of Petroleum? Statc any three points. “Ams, Petrolcum is a fossil fuel that accumulates in porous rocks from fossils of plants, animals and other onganisms that lived millions of years ago, Some of the advantages of petroleum are as follows, (i) It can be extracted easily as modem technologies are used for extracting oil beneath the ocean's surface or with special climatic condition. (ii) It has high density as the average | kilogram of burnt oil can generate upto 10,000 kilo calories, It means that for only small amounts petroleum can generate a substantial amount of energy. Itcan be extracted at low cost due to the fact that petroleum produets require reduced technical easily and physical effort. It is sold cheaper compared to other sources of energy. It can be transported because it is in the liquid form, 5, State any three main features of non-conventional sources of energy. Ans, Three main features are: (i) These sources of energy are available freely and in abundance. Infact these resources are | “renewable so there is no fear of their getting exhausted or depleted. Gi) They ap@Biivironment friendly and do net ong any waste of cause pollution. 8 Zs Goyal TESE Geography Bubstion Bank with ATP Class 10 for Semester > ood % NS) \o s oO dC 4 oy 4 24ae ew SF Se Tey ean be tapped at lange veule at ona Ale’ oF in small amount al number oF at the 2 same time, including remote and inagaéfaibie areas like hilly terrains, deep ange « XB. Distinguish between Anthracite and WjjQininows Coal, x Ans, Differences beiween Anthracite und Bituminous Coal are as follows: Anthracite Coal: (i) This is the best quality of coal generally formed when the beds of coal are subject to extreme pressure and heat to the earth movements, (ii) Anthracite contains 86% to 97% carbon and inks of co (ii) [t is a hard, brittle, and black lustrous coal, often referred te as hard coal. Bituminous Coal: (i) It is the most widely used variety of coal and contains about 60% to 80% carbon. (ii) Its calorific value is very high due to high propertion of carbon and low moisture content. (ii) 1 is mainly uscd for heating, steam raising and produetion of coke. cenerally has the highest heating, value of all 7, State the importance of natural gas a8 a source of enengy. Ans. Natural gas is important becuse, (i) It is used as souree of power in the urban areas. Gi) It is also used as raw material in Petro Chemical industries. (iii) It is an important ingredient in products such as paints and plasties. (iv) Fertilizers are also produced by natural gas. (v) Its transpggtgtion is very casy as it is transported theouah pipelines (vi) sida Piao less overall pollution. gS 8. Deseribe'fhe distribution of coal in India. Ans. Disieibution of coal in India: oY in Sharkhand, (the largest producer) a Bokaro, Karampur, Palamu are the mi Se West Bengal, Raniganj, Julpaigufand Darjeeling are the coal fields iii) In Chhatisgarh, Sarguja, Bilaspur, Raigarh and Bastar districts are the major coal fields. 9. How is energy an indispensable requirement of our modern life? ‘Ans. Modem life is highly governed by technology and revolves around it. Modem technology is driven by energy and is highly aulomated. Every sector af National ceonomy ive., agriculture, industry, wansport and commerce need greater inputs of energy. In the domestic sector also, energy demands, in the form of electricity, are growing because of inereasing use of electric gadgets and appliances. Thus, energy is the basie requirement for ceonomic development. 10. Explain the use of petroleum as an energy resource. Ans, Petroleum is a source of energy because (O It is used as a fuel for internal combustion engines in automobiles. (Gi) It is used as a fuel for railways and aircrafts Gii) It provides fuel for heat and lighting. 11. “Petrolcum is used as an industrial raw material,” Justify the statement. Ans. Petroleum is used as an industrial raw material because (i) It is used as lubricant for machinery. (ii) It is used as raw material for a number of manufacturing industries, for example, chemical industry, automotive, agriculture, textiles, construction, electronies and electrical, household items, magic appliances, packaging and pharmaceyical ete. Goyal’s ICSE Tage ‘Question Bank with MIP Class £0 for Sem REF escmation S? WO Qe YOae ow FP eS iF Oo \ Ofiii) tts numerous by-products are ug@din petrochemical industries such as\fena; rubber, synihetic fibre, medicigés, Vaseline, wax, soap, cosmetics etga@>” SMiltiaic 12. Which is the most abundantlyxavailable fossil fuel in India? Mention tg Uifferent fo 4 ‘Ans, The most abundantly available fossil fuel is Coal. There are four types of coa: i) Anthracite: It is the highest quality hard coal. It contains g It gives less smoke. ee more than 8096 carbon cooky (ii) Bituminous: It is the most popular coal in commercial use and has 60% to 80% content. Metallurgical coal is high grade bituminous coal and is of special value for s iron in blast furnaces. (iii) Lignite: It is # lower grade brown coal. 1t is soft with high moisture content. (iv) Peat: It has a low carbon and high moisture content. It has low heat i ; lot of smoke on buming. Heating pacly aod pg 13. Give three geographical reasons for petroleum being the secand most import of India after coal? " : ae ee Ans, Petroleum is the second most important energy source of India after coal. Petroleum is important because of the following reasons, (i) It can be easily transported by pipelines and dees not leave any residue. This property of | petroleum gives it an added advantage in its usc over other fuels. (ii) It provides fuel for heat and light and also provides lubricants for machinery. It is an important fuel used in transportation sector. (iii) [t provides raw material for a number of manufacturing industries, Petroleum refineries act as aNhodal industry’ for synthetic textiles, §@bilizers and many chemical industieg | | 14, Wi the environmental impact of bumigg?eoal? & oS melting | Ans ronmental impact is as fallows: cS Buming coal emits harmful was( such as carbon diexi @ nitrogen oxide and sulphur ie Q | 3S Gi Emissions of carbon-dioxidegidin coal burning also accounts forthe gitionsl 65% of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, increasing greenhouse gases. | (iii) Tt causes pollution which may lead to acid rain in some areas. Ss sulphuric ee arsenic, ah, 15, What are the main areas of mineral oil deposits in India? ‘Ans, Mineral oil was first discovered in India, at Makum in the north east part of Assam, in 1867, In order of importance, the main areas of mineral oil deposits are — (i) Offshore sea at Mumbai High, Bassein anc Aliabet. (ii) Digboi, Naharkatiya, Rudra Sagar and Nunmati in Assam. iii) In Gujarat, Ankleshwar, Koyali, Kalol and Navgaon are the important oilfields. iv) Others are Kosamber, Mehsana, Dholka and Lung}. 16. What are the disadvantages of Petroleum? ‘Ans, The disadvantage of petroleum are as follows: (i) Although oil is a natural fossil fuel, its resource is now limited. The high demands of the moder world for energy have stressed the conventional sources of oil reserves: (ii) Extracting and burning oil generates greenhouse gases that contribute to environmental pollution and global warming. jeo iv barnuk wil 40 for Exam Goyal § ICSE Ge EY Deeston mk with MTP Class 10 j Senge o Xe) _OY Oyor Or or o g 7 pply of petroleum, ‘This leads to incnéa tions. Therefore, it is necessary to fi tive ions. it is necessary rR © j Fhe depletion of fossil fiiel leads to-lis 2 prices which may cause conflict botwees) << cnergy resources. “Sip. ‘Natural ges has certain advantages Over other fuels." Justify the statement. ‘Ans. Natural gas has certain advantages over other fuels duc to the following facts (a Natural gas can be efficiently and safely stored. (ii) It is considered to be environment friendly due to its low emissions after burning (used es fuel at home). (iii) Liquefied Natural gas (LNG) is much cheaper, 18, What are the disadvantages of natural gas? ‘Ans, Following are the disadvantages of natural gas: {Like other fossil fuels, natural gas still does create green-house gas emissions and therefore It cannot be used at large seale, (ii) Natural ges is highly volatile and can be dangerous if handled or transported carelessly. True natural gas is colorless, odorless and tasteless which makes its leak detection difficult, 19. Siate the geographical factors responsible for low production of Hyde! Power in India. ‘Ans. The geographical faciors responsible for low production of Hyde! Power are: (i) Most of the river regimes in India are extremely erratic because they are fed by monsoon winds which are highly seasonal and whimsical especially in the South. Hence, these rivers cannot provide Hydel Power generation consistently. (ii) Many rivers do not have natural waterfalls and huge. copie has to be invested for constructing dams. ‘TheQies suitable: for generating ydroel esi are located away from the consumftig 2diltes. As 2 result, a lot of energy is-wag@in transmission. G 20, US factors are necessary for installing @Paroclctrcity Power Projects? actors necessary for installing Hyd icity Power Projects are: < () Mountainous area where water fal from a height — the potential energy YF falling water helps the turbine to move. (ii) Permanent supply of water can be ensured by perennial rivers. Hence snowfed rivers of the Himalayas are of great use for the generation of hydropower. (iii) Climate should be suitable so that rivers do not freeze during winter. (iv) Water of the river should be sift free or water should be stored in artificial reservoirs before releasing in hydel channel. (¥) A gorge between the two hills is the most suitable site for building dams, (vi) Flow of water should be uniform in the river, Any fluctuation would affect the generation of electricity. (vii) There should be enough scope for electricity supply ic., am industrial zone so that the loss of electricity is minimum in transmission, 21, “Although the Himalayan region in Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Bihar and Assam have great potential, not many dams have been constructed over these rivers.” Give reasons. Ans. Although the Himalayan region in Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Bihar and Assam have great potential, not many dams have been constructed over these rivers because conditions are more favorable in South India especially in Wester Ghats as stated below. (i) There are a steep waterfalls situated in the Western Ghats. Western Ghats receive heavy: rainfall Sysummer monsoon hence plenty of w: bl > Sriass Cae Ky Question Bank with MTP Class 10 for Semes 3 yor yo” » (iii)ae yd J oS aoc Gigyfitany industries situated in the visinigyagPhese dams are dependent on leclnhGHtoduce, 2 by these hyde! projects. > le Ow i) A few conl fields are available in th Ruth hence the only source of eneion owe Wie 32. What are the six main benefits of Multipurpose Projects? Ans, A multipurpose project : ia developmental work in a region, The main purposes of these projects are: 1 | | on a river valley is started to provide manifold benefits relating to the | (i) Generation of hydroelectric power and thereby encouraging the development of industries jy | the country. (ii) Provision of irrigation where the rainfall is seanty. (iii) Control of floods in the rivers. : 23. Where was Bhakra Nangal Project constructed? Where are its dams situated? Ans. Bhakra Nangal Dam is constructed across the river Suilej at the site of Bhakra Gorge in the | Siwaliks about 80km north of Ambala city. It consists of two dams the Bhakra and Nangal and Pong Dam on river Beas, (i) Behind the Bhakra dam a very large artificial reservoir known as the Govind Sagar lake is created with a storage capacity of abaut 9868 million cubic metres. It is 88km long and 8km wide. (ii) Nangal Dam is situated at Nangal about 13 km downstream from the Bhakra damit is only an auxiliary dam, and serves as a balance reservoir for the Bhakra Dam, diverting water into the Nangal Hydel Channel. 24, What are the kenefits of Bhakra Nangal Dam? > > Ans. The mainghitpose of the project is generation of xs electric power. Electricity is supp! Punjabe@aryana, parts of Rajasthan and Delhi, ite rovides many benefits: a @JGProvides electricity for industrial, aggiGdltural and domestic use. Electricity i¢aW8ed for OMubewells, which are the main soure rrigation where canals cannot reach,\~” Ui This project has helped in control n the river Sutlej downstream. YR other benefits ‘°° are soil conservation, afforestatiofyevelopment of fish culture and increaSé-in the production of food crops and cash erops. Gii) There are a number of industries which benefit from the Bhakra Nangal project, e.g., cotton, textile, sugar, copper, machine tools, sports goods, electrical goods, cement, hosiery, wool and tractors etc. 25, What are the benefits of Hirakud Project? ‘Ans. Benefits of Hirakud Project are as follows: (i) Mahanadi is one of the largest rivers of India and the main purpose of Hiralud project is to control floods, Hence three storage dams, Hirakud, Tikarpada and Nataj near Cuttack were constructed to control floads. Gi) Odisha, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh benefit from this project. (iii) The electric power is supplied to the industries at Hirakud, Rourkela, Rajgangpur, Brajarajnagar, Joda, Chewotwar and Baragarh, Aluminium plant at Hirakud and steel plants at Rourkela and Visakhapatnam. (iv) Power is also supplied to Puri, Sundargarh, Cuttack and Sambalpur, o wet “ Broyie stig facilities for over 480km from Hirakud upto the sea. paar a contribution to the industrial development of Odisha as the ources like iron, bauxite and manganese etc, and wapeh¥ports, s — c& & Gayali ICSE Geography aii = lion Bank with MIP Clacs 10 for Semester eP xe for Semester oy ty = Other b of Hirakud project are soil consenitn in the Mahanadi valley, fish oy?a a S wo natural gas? How is it ereated? S ‘ans) Satural gas is a gas consisting prima “ S ‘ee ven cahaey id tate if Methane. It is created in two primgly ays ie i) Biogenic mechanisms create i ‘ © eon iy sche el a (ii) Thermogenie gas is created inside the Earth at great temperature and pressure conditions from buried organic material. 27, What are the advantages of nuclear energy? ‘Ans. Advantages of nuclear energy are: (@ A small quantity of nuclear fuel is needed to produce a large amount of useful energy. (ii) Nuclear power plant produces less atmospheric pollution than thermal power plants, if the nuélear fission reaction is performed properly. (iii) Small amount ef nuclear fuel can run a nuclear power plant over a long peried of time. There is no need of inserting the nuclear fuel in the nuclear reactor again and again in a short petiod as in case of thermal power plant. Name four gases commonly present in biogas. (ii) State two advantages of using this gas over fossil fucls Ans. (i) Methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and hydrogen sulphide are the four gases commonly present in biogas, (ii) Advantages of 28. biogas over fossil fuels are: + Biogas burns without smoke, leaves no residue unlike coal. + Biogas B cheaper as compared to fossil fuels, > soe we >» & oe rd Examiaion ee Gopal IE Gere y Question Bank with MIP Class ote & x & or oOo oy< Agriculture in India - |: Intro duction i eee i SUMMARY © Agriculture is an important sector of Indian economy as it contributes about 17% to the total production of goods and services and provides employment to over 60% of the population. © Agriculre not only provides food and fodder to human beings and livestock, it is also the source of raw material for many key industries, e.g., sugar, textile and edible oil ele, © Many agricultural products are exported and export of tea, tabacco, coffee, jute and cotton ete, help in earning the foreign exchange © Indian agriculture has always been dependent on the arrival of monsoon which is highly unreliable — both uncertain and irregular. | ice a variety of crops and therefore | © India’s vast relief, varying climatic and soil conditions produ in India both tropical, subtropical and temperate: crops like wl © India has three main crop seasons whi. season (b) iseason and (c) Zayad or zaidseason. © Major ong Kharif season are.rice, maize, jogger bajra, cotton, sesame, groundnut, ave eo eo and jute) ops of Rabi season are wheat, barlesSfowar, gram, oilseeds and tobscco. Red > A @Retables and @ Mi ci the summer cropping season in wife ‘crops like rice, maize, groundnu are grown along with pulses. °Y The Green Revolution in late sixtie’aimed at transforming the agriculture xettor and increasing the food crop production to meet the increasing demand of the country. has been most remarkable in the states of Punjab, Haryana and Uttar heat and barley are grown. The Green Revolution Pradesh. © Intensive farming, inheritance are some of the drawbacks of our agriculture. In India, due to poverty, good quality seeds are out of reach of a majority of farmers because of their exorbitant prices. Continuous use of Indian soil without use of proper manures and fertilisers has led to depletion and exhaustion of soil, resulting in low productivity. # In spite of all measures taken to provide irrigation, agricultural production is affected in many areas due to unprecedented rainfall or a full season of little rainfall © With increasing population and limited land, our agriculture is mostly subsistence type. © In India, average yield of crops is much lower as compared to other countries. © Indian agriculture can be divided into the following two categories : (i) Subsistence Farming (il) Commercial Farmin| © Subsistence Farming is a system of agriculture in which the farmer produces exclusively for his own consumption, © Subsistence APReulture is of two wypes: G) PeinjgP subsistence forming and (ii) Intepa® sobre ¢ oe ¢ > Goyal ICSE Gesarenhf Beeon Bonk wth NEP Class TO for Semesters \ XO oN \ “O increasing population and the practice of dividing and subdividing land for are influenced by the changing seasons i.e., (a) Kharif |TF SF or & e SF . rotat i < i seas Oi - eeeeies bd ie Grps being alternatively grown on the stand in ree : : ‘i «Ss tization of soil fenility, ns trol of weeds pests, diseases and mm onomical . Sommers acing is a system of agriculture in which food crops are proxluced specifically yr sale in the market, by using improved variety of seeds and machinery. © Commercial ferming is of two types: (a) Intensive Commercial Farming (b) Extensive Commercial Farming Plantation Farming is a system of agriculture located in a tropical or semi-tropical environment, producing commodities on a large scale, In Mixed Farming, cultivation of crops and rearing of livestock is done simultaneously. Im single crop plantation only one crop is grown in the whole plantation. ¢ the techniques used are — (i) Crop rotation (ii) Organic farming is an agricultural method wher Green manure((ii) Biological pest cantrol (iv) Use of compost. ‘The Indian government sanounced the National Agricultural Policy in July 2000 with the sins end objectives to remove the major problems of agriculture and improve the ‘complications related to improper and inefficient uses of natural resources, QUESTION BANK aes A. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS (2 Marks fact YY a (Qe meant by ‘agriculture’? gS Iturg M4 been reduced in India? Wh the relative importance of agricultu Ans. She tem ‘agriculture’ broadly means chwda’s management of the environmen, ood > C oO 4S Gay The relative importance of agrigufre has been reduced in India as a congeténce of the rapid industrial development. ~~ 2, State the importance of agriculture. human beings and livestock, it is also the Ans. Agriculture not only provides food and fodder 'o source of raw material for many key industries, e.g., sugar, textile and edible oil. 3. Mention two problems of Indian agriculture, Ans. Problems of Indian agriculture: (i) Small and fragmented londholdings. i) Lack of proper use of manures and Fertilizers 4. Give two differences between intensive and extensive farming: xtensive farming: Ans, Differences between intensive and © Intensive Farming ‘Extensive Farming | (i) [Landholdings are small Landholdings are lange. (ii) [ Yield per hectare is high. (ii) | Yield per hectare may not be high. 5. State any two favourable conditions for agricultare in India ‘Ans, India is a very prominent country from agricultural point of view, Two favourable conditions are (i) Undulaging topography y Gi) Varig@efimate with sufficient sunshine S > GO c& @ ear 3 Gopal ORE eraroply uso Ba ith MIP Class Tage Exapsnaiion @ “ON PN oeed eg oS e 6, 246 agriculture not only supplies x & ; : SS Osnuny tndilstrial peoduews? oO smaterials to the industry, it alse ae a consumer i : of Improvements in the agri gricultyr! techniques i threshar, shemial felis ge ada increases the decide cic, ‘harvesters ae spel ee Jausies are then set typ to meet the demands ‘ mam i 7. Tustify the following statements: Pog ee, @ ‘Agriculture helps in earning foreign exchange. Pe a nee has to suffer the vagaries of monsoon. s. (i i i ) y fany agricultural products are exported and export of tea, tobacco, coffee, jute and * va in much needed foreign exchange. ‘ : : a ii) Indi i : ) ian sieves has always been dependent on the arrival of monsoon which is high inreliable — both uncertain and irregular. i a 8. Bey India is able to grow a variety of crops? 3 India vast relief, varying climatic and soil conditions produce a variety of erops. Both topics, ubtropical and temperate crops like wheat and barley are grown. 9. Why India has the preponderance of food erops? Ans. Since India has to feed a large population, prepon most important feature of Indian agriculture, More 1 ‘up by cultivation of food crops. 10. (i) What is the time period of Kharif season? derance of food crops aver other crops is the han 2/3rd of the total cropped area is taken e crops grown in the Kharif seaso ‘Ans, (i) In rif season ground is prepared in Sal May and seeds are sown in June on yrrival n. Harvesting is done in the beginpig of November. o fajor crops of this season are rice, jowar, bajra, cotton, sesame, groyitdnat, pulses d and jute. owe us) What is the time period of Rabi@suson? & ybi season. & % > (ii) Name the crops grown in the k ‘Ans, (j) In the Rabi season ground is prepared by harvesting takes place in March. (i) Major erops of this season are wheat, 42, When is the Zaid season? Name the crops of this season. ‘Ans. Zaid season is the summer cropping season in which crops like rice, watermelon, and muskmelon, cucumber are grown along with pulses, 13. Mention any two measures adopted under Green Revolution to improve agriculture in India. Ans, Two measures wel (i) Use of high yielding varieties (HYV) of sceds (ii) Use of insecticides and pesticides the end of October or begitsiing of November and barley, jowar, gram, oilseeds and tobacco. maize, groundnut, vegetables, and fodder crops. 14, What is ‘subsistence farming’? ‘Ans, Subsistence Farming is a system © own consumption. This involves 1 such, the farmer and his family members consu surplus production to sell in the market. In India, 15. Mention the types of subsistence agriculture. rmer produces exclusively’ for his he cultivation of food crops like rice, wheat and pulses. AS me the entire farm produce and do not have any | agriculture is still of the subsistence tye {f agriculture in which the fa ‘Ans, Subsistence agriculture is of two types: (i) Primitiy2)Farming Gy me subsistence farming. S » @ Goyal’ ICSE ae Orn ‘Bank with MTP Clase 10 for Semen amination oO yo =—