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Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and Reminiscence Techniques For The Treatment of Depression in The Elderly: A Systematic Review
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and Reminiscence Techniques For The Treatment of Depression in The Elderly: A Systematic Review
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X-D Peng, C-Q Huang, L-J Chen et al.
Treatment of depression in the elderly
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X-D Peng, C-Q Huang, L-J Chen et al.
Treatment of depression in the elderly
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X-D Peng, C-Q Huang, L-J Chen et al.
Treatment of depression in the elderly
significantly more effective in decreasing the that CBT (SMD –1.34; 95% CI –1.89, –0.79),
depression score (SMD –0.92; 95% CI –1.21, reminiscence (SMD –0.64; 95% CI –1.04,
–0.63) (Fig. 1). Subgroup analysis showed –0.25) and GPT (SMD –1.00; 95% CI –1.40,
01 Reminiscence vs placebo
Arean et al.11 (1993) 7.22 –0.84 (–1.44, –0.24)
Serrano et al.19 (2004) 6.96 –0.95 (–1.59, –0.32)
Wang et al.24 (2005) 8.66 –0.21 (–0.62, 0.19)
Mastel-Smith et al.12 (2007) 6.17 –0.81 (–1.56, –0.06)
Sub-total (95% CI) 29.01 –0.64 (–1.04, –0.25)
Test for heterogeneity: χ2 = 5.53, d.f. = 3 (P = 0.14), I2 = 45.8%
Test for overall effect: Z = 3.20 (P = 0.001)
02 Cognitive–Behaviour vs placebo
Breckenridge et al.13 (1985) 6.38 –1.20 (–1.92, –0.48)
Scogin et al.20 (1987) 3.36 –1.76 (–3.07, –0.45)
Scogin et al.21 (1989) 5.70 –1.49 (–2.31, –0.66)
Arean et al.11 (1993) 5.59 –2.37 (–3.21, –1.53)
Floyd et al.14 (2004) 4.37 –1.87 (–2.93, –0.81)
Rokke et al.18 (1999) 5.56 –0.70 (–1.55, 0.14)
Thompson et al.23 (2001) 6.17 –0.33 (–1.08, 0.42)
Sub-total (95% CI) 37.14 –1.34 (–1.89, –0.79)
Test for heterogeneity: χ2 = 16.49, d.f. = 6 (P = 0.01), I2 = 63.6%
Test for overall effect: Z = 4.80 (P < 0.00001)
03 Psychotherapy vs placebo
Scogin et al.21 (1989) 7.07 –0.96 (–1.59, –0.34)
Rokke et al.18 (1999) 5.60 –0.60 (–1.44, 0.23)
Gellis et al.15 (2007) 6.58 –1.30 (–1.99, –0.61)
Sub-total (95% CI) 19.25 –1.00 (–1.40, –0.59)
Test for heterogeneity: χ2 = 1.61, d.f. = 2 (P = 0.45), I2 = 0%
Test for overall effect: Z = 4.84 (P < 0.00001)
–10 –5 0 5 10
Favours treatment Favours control
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X-D Peng, C-Q Huang, L-J Chen et al.
Treatment of depression in the elderly
–0.59) were all significantly more effective psychotherapy (RR 1.03; 95% CI 0.55, 1.94)
than placebo/no intervention (Fig. 1). (Fig. 3).12,17,19,23,24
In the two studies that investigated the
efficacy of psychotherapy as an adjunct to Discussion
antidepressant medication, there was a trend Although only 14 studies were included in
in favour of psychotherapy plus this literature review, they involving a total
antidepressants compared with of 705 elderly participants with depression
antidepressants alone, although these results and focused on similar clinical issues;11 – 24
were not statistically significant (Fig. 1). After therefore, the meta-analysis that we
pooling results from these two studies, undertook may provide some useful
psychotherapy was not observed to augment information.
the efficacy of antidepressants significantly First, the general forms of psychotherapy
(SMD –0.35; 95% CI –0.74, 0.05) (Fig. 1).17,23 including CBT, reminiscence and GPT were all
In four studies, no statistically significant found to be effective treatments for depression
differences were observed between CBT and in older patients. Psychotherapy as an adjunct
reminiscence. After pooling these studies, to antidepressant medication did not,
there was no significant difference between however, significantly increase the efficacy of
CBT and reminiscence in improving antidepressants. Relative to being put on a
depression symptoms (SMD –0.21; 95% CI waiting list (no intervention) or receiving
–0.61, 0.20) (Fig. 2).13,16,,18,22 placebo, the study results all favoured
Five studies reported the drop-out rates psychotherapy. However, in some of the
among participants receiving antidepressant studies included in the systematic review, the
medication with or without psychotherapy. effectiveness of psychotherapy versus ‘waiting
After pooling the results from these studies, list’ or placebo was not statistically
no statistically significant difference was significant.14,18,24 Results from the meta-
observed between treatment with analysis showed that, compared with
antidepressant medication with or without placebo/no intervention, psychotherapy was
–10 –5 0 5 10
Favours treatment Favours control
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X-D Peng, C-Q Huang, L-J Chen et al.
Treatment of depression in the elderly
Comparison: 04 dropout ratio comparing treatment with psychotherapy with that without psychotherapy
Outcome: 01 dropout ratio comparing treatment with psychotherapy with that without psychotherapy
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X-D Peng, C-Q Huang, L-J Chen et al.
Treatment of depression in the elderly
• Received for publication 2 July 2008 • Accepted subject to revision 9 February 2009
• Revised accepted 18 June 2009
Copyright © 2009 Field House Publishing LLP
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X-D Peng, C-Q Huang, L-J Chen et al.
Treatment of depression in the elderly
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