TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

PEE6-M / EE 4D

NO-LOAD TEST ON THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

Experiment No. 4

GROUP NO. 6

Leader : DIMACALI, ROBIE LYN T.

Members: AMATORIO, ARVIN JOHN

BALINAS, ABIGAIL P.
GAPUZ, GIL ALBERT G.
HIFE, NIKKO KEN R.
MORALES, PAUL ALBERT
OCAMPO, DENISSE DEAN
OBEJERO, CHARLES DAVE
RAPIZ, JHASTINE A.
SAMPAGA, MARK FROILAN B.
SEÑORIN, MARC IVAN JOSHUA B.
TAMBA, VINCENT B.

Submitted by:
OCAMPO, DENISSE DEAN E.

Submitted to:
ENGR. JUN A. TERESA

May 3, 2022
 EXPERIMENT NO. 4
No-Load Test on Three-Phase Induction Motor

OBJECTIVE/S:
The objective of this activity is to study No Load Test on Three Phase Induction Motor

SET-UP

DATA:

Total
W- W- Rotor i/p Delete
VS (Volt) IL (Amp) Speed (r.p.m) copper
1 (Watt) 2 (Watt) angle Power Row
loss
2 0.15 0.15 0.19 0 0.62 29.3 0.45
20 1.53 15.62 19.67 0 63.6 29.3 46.22
40 3.06 62.49 78.68 0 254.4 29.3 184.88
60 4.59 140.6 177.02 0 572.39 29.3 415.98
80 3.04 148.72 156.33 900 251.16 22.3 389.73
86 1.98 96.2 109.45 1175 106.32 25.6 265.98
90 1.21 39.2 70 1350 39.68 38.9 146.79
 96 1.06 20.98 65.41 1400 30.52 48.1 117.71
100 1 9.58 64.28 1425 27.24 54.5 100.58
106 1.05 8.35 71.54 1429 29.84 55.7 108.64
110 1.07 6.37 75.66 1433 31.11 56.9 111.33
116 1.11 4.27 82.77 1437 33.57 58.1 117.85
120 1.13 1.42 87.16 1441 34.87 59.4 119.56
126 1.17 -1.8 94.76 1445 37.39 60.7 124.96
130 1.2 -3.81 100.27 1447 39.3 61.4 129.34
136 1.25 -6.23 109.27 1449 42.54 62.1 137.78
140 1.28 -8.75 115.19 1451 44.54 62.8 141.88
146 1.33 -11.85 124.82 1453 47.93 63.5 150.07
150 1.35 -15.89 130.16 1456 49.54 64.5 151
156 1.4 -18.66 140.38 1457 53.27 64.9 160.47
160 1.43 -21.13 147.07 1458 55.65 65.3 165.6
166 1.48 -23.97 157.92 1459 59.58 65.6 175.79
170 1.51 -26.83 165 1460 62.09 66 180.84
176 1.56 -30.6 176.48 1461 66.21 66.4 190.39
182 1.6 -35.99 187.18 1463 69.86 67.1 196.26
186 1.64 -39.82 196.08 1464 72.89 67.5 202.19
190 1.67 -43.61 203.96 1465 75.63 67.9 206.77
200 1.75 -50.52 224.98 1466 83.22 68.3 224.15
210 1.83 -58.13 247.02 1467 91.16 68.7 241.79
220 1.91 -66.46 270.1 1468 99.44 69.1 259.64
226 1.96 -72.35 284.73 1469 104.53 69.4 269.94
230 1.99 -77.9 294.2 1470 107.73 69.8 273.74
236 2.04 -85.26 309.46 1471 113.01 70.2 282.47
246 2.12 -95.93 335.23 1472 122.14 70.6 300.04
256 2.2 -107.46 362.02 1473 131.6 71 317.59
260 2.23 -114.6 372.69 1474 135.16 71.4 320.31
266 2.28 -124.02 389.84 1475 141 71.8 328.09
270 2.3 -131.23 399.17 1476 144.18 72.2 328.81
276 2.35 -141.49 416.91 1477 150.22 72.6 335.94
280 2.38 -151.04 428.35 1478 154 73.1 335.54
286 2.43 -162.24 446.72 1479 160.21 73.5 341.88
290 2.45 -170.68 456.7 1480 163.59 73.9 341.27
296 2.5 -187.78 475.66 1482 169.61 74.7 338.21
306 2.58 -205.66 507.47 1483 180.61 75.1 351.61
320 2.69 -230.04 553.31 1484 196.61 75.5 373.3
336 2.82 -261.17 609.05 1485 216.03 76 397.03
350 2.93 -289.54 659.18 1486 233.46 76.4 417.66
360 3.01 -313.19 696.52 1487 246.27 76.8 428.58
 370 3.09 -338.08 734.9 1488 259.4 77.2 438.72
380 3.17 -366.24 774.3 1489 272.88 77.7 444.47
386 3.21 -384.95 796.45 1490 280.37 78.1 442.54
396 3.29 -413.4 837.45 1491 294.37 78.5 449.89
400 3.32 -432.35 853.62 1492 299.63 79 438.89
406 3.36 -453.12 876.87 1493 307.51 79.4 434.64
410 3.39 -470.81 893.41 1494 312.91 79.8 426.31
416 3.44 -496.48 919.85 1495 321.72 80.3 417.62

GRAPH FOR THE DATA:

DISCUSSION:
RAPIZ: Discussion 1. Induction motors, which are the most common drive motors used in
industries, consume a huge percentage of the world's electrical power. The performance
characteristics should be familiar to practicing engineers. To forecast performance, the machine's
equivalent circuit parameters should be known. While the parameters are calculated using design
details by the motor designer, measured values are preferred for prediction.

A per phase equivalent circuit can be used to calculate the steady-state performance of a poly-
phase induction motor.

The symbols are: V1= input voltage per Phase

R1,X1= resistance and leakage reactance of the stator per phase
R2,X2= resistance and leakage reactance of the rotor per phase
Xm= magnetizing reactance
Rc= core loss resistance
I1, I2 =stator and rotor currents (referred to stator) per phase.
The developed torque is given as,
T=3(I2)2R2/(sωs) N-m
Where
ωs=synchronous speed in radians/sec
ωr=rotor speed in radians/sec
s= slip.
The parameters could be determined by ‘no-load’ and ‘blocked-rotor’ tests,
the former determines Rc and Xm while the latter yields R1, R2, X1, X2.
Following equations could be used

X1 = R1+jX1
X2 = R2/S+jX2
S=ωs-ωr/ω
The Torque T=3(I2)2R2/s
Input power=3V1*I1*pf
Output power=(1-S) ωs

Under no load, start the motor by delivering a normal frequency decreased voltage to the stator,
then gradually increase the voltage to its rated amount. Before starting a slip-ring motor, short
circuit the slip rings. Take notes on the voltmeter, ammeter, wattmeters, and tachometer readings
at various voltages.

OCAMPO discussion 2: The impedance of the magnetizing path of an induction motor is high
enough to obstruct current flow. As a result, a small current is applied to the machine, causing
the stator-impedance value to fall and the rated voltage to be applied across the magnetizing
branch. However, in comparison to the applied voltage, the drop in stator-impedance value and
power dissipated due to stator resistance is very small. As a result, their values are ignored, and it
is assumed that the total power drawn is converted to core loss. The air gap in an induction
motor's magnetizing branch gradually increases the exciting current, and the no load stator I2R
loss can be identified. It is important to remember that current should not exceed its rated value,
or else the rotor will accelerate beyond its limit.
The test is carried out with polyphase voltages and the rated frequency applied to the stator
terminals. When the motor has been running for a while and the bearings have been fully
lubricated, readings of applied voltage, input current, and input power are taken. Subtract the
stator I2R losses from the input power to calculate the rotational loss.
Where,
V1 = line voltage
I0 = No load input current
Rotational loss = W0 – S1
Where,
S1 = stator winding loss = Nph I2 R1
Nph = Number phase
The various losses like windage loss, core loss, and rotational loss are fixed losses which can be
calculated by
Stator winding loss = 3Io2R1
Where,
I0 = No load input current
R1 = Resistance of the motor
Core loss = 3GoV2

GAPUZ discussion 3: The no load test of 3 phase induction motor is performed on induction
motor when it is running without load. This test tells us the magnitude of constant losses
occurring in the motor. The machine is started in the usual way and runs unloaded from normal
voltage mains. On the mains side suitable instruments are connected between supply mains and
motor terminals to measure power, line current and line voltage.Since the motor is not loaded so
input power absorbed by the motor is providing losses only. Losses are occurring in iron core of
the stator as well as the rotor which are called core losses. A small amount of copper loss is also
occurring in stator winding. This can be neglected since the stator current is very small.

OBEJERO dis 4:No Load Test of an Induction Motor

The No Load Test is an indirect method for measuring the efficiency of three-phase induction
motors as well as the circuit parameters of the equivalent circuit. The transformer is subjected to
an open-circuit test. The open-circuit test on the transformer is the same as the no-load test.

The motor is uncoupled from its load in this technique, and the rated voltage at the rated
frequency is applied to the stator to drive it without the load. The motor's input power is
measured with the help of two wattmeters. The No-load test circuit diagram is presented below:

An induction motor has never been subjected to a load test.

The no-load current is measured using an ammeter, and the usual rated supply voltage is
determined with a voltmeter. Because I2R losses on the primary side fluctuate with the square of
the current, and we know that the no-load current is 20-30% of the full load current, we ignore
them.

The total input power is equal to the continuous iron loss, friction, and windage losses of the
motor when it is running at no load.

no-load-test-of-an-inuction-motor-eq-1

The Wattmeter value of one of the Wattmeters will be negative since the power factor of the
induction motor under no-load conditions is normally less than 0.5. As a result, taking readings
requires reversing the orientation of the current coil terminals.

The constant R0 and X0 can be computed from the test readings in the case of the transformer
no-load test.

If,
The input line voltage is Vinl.
The total three-phase input power at no load is called Pinl.

The current on the input line is I0.

The input phase voltage is referred to as Vip.
Therefore,no-load-test-of-an-inuction-motor-eq-2

Separation of Losses is a term used to describe the process of separating losses

The no-load loss P0 can be isolated from friction and windage loss. At no load, multiple no-load
loss values are collected at various stator applied voltages. The readings are taken at rated
frequency from the rated to the breakdown value.

The following is a graph of the relationship between P0 and V:

No-Load-Test-On-Induction-Motor-fig-2

At normal voltage, the curve is practically parabolic. Because iron losses are nearly proportional
to the square of flux density, and thus the applied voltage, To cut the vertical axis at point A, the
curve is stretched to the left. V = 0 on the vertical axis, hence the intercept OA denotes the
independent voltage loss. This distinguishes the friction and windage losses from the total no-
load loss.

MORALES dis 5: The no-load test on a transformer is comparable to this test. This test is used to
figure out the analogous circuit's no-load losses, no-load power factor, and constants Ro and Xo.
Frictional windage loss, core loss, and a little copper loss in the stator winding are all losses that
occur when the motor is turned off. Because the rotor current is so little and ignored at no load,
the rotor copper loss is insignificant. However, while doing the no-load test on an induction
motor, keep in mind that fluctuations in applied voltage might cause changes in speed, power
factor, stator current, and rotor current. When the applied voltage changes (fluctuates), the test
readings become more accurate. As a result, the accuracy of the test-based computations
improves. The speed of an induction motor is plainly constant throughout a no-load test. When a
significant load is applied to an induction motor, the speed changes. As a result, the applied
voltage should remain constant so that the motor's speed remains constant. When the applied
voltage is increased to a higher value, the stator current that feeds the stator winding's
magnetizing component likewise increases. As a result, the power factor has decreased. The rotor
current and flux generated by the stator winding determine the torque of an induction motor. The
amount of applied voltage to the stator determines flux in an induction motor. The torque
generated will remain constant if the applied voltage is kept low, but the rotor current will
continue to rise.

REFERENCES:

1. http://em-
coep.vlabs.ac.in/Exp3/Theory.html?domain=Electrical%20Engineering&lab=Welcome
%20to%20Electrical%20Machines!

2. https://www.electrical4u.com/no-load-test-of-induction-motor

3. https://www.yourelectricalguide.com/2017/01/no-load-test-of-induction-motor.html
 4. https://circuitglobe.com/no-load-test-of-an-induction-motor.html
5. https://www.electricaldeck.com/2020/04/no-load-test-of-induction-motor.html

CONCLUSION:
HIFE - This test is equivalent to a transformer's no-load test. This test is used to determine the
no-load losses, no-load power factor, and constants Ro and Xo of the equivalent circuit. When
the motor is shut off, frictional windage loss, core loss, and a small copper loss in the stator
winding all occur. The rotor copper loss is negligible since the rotor current is so little and
ignored at no load. However, keep in mind that fluctuations in applied voltage might induce
changes in speed, power factor, stator current, and rotor current while performing the no-load
test on an induction motor. The test readings become more accurate as the applied voltage
changes (fluctuates). As a result, the test-based computations' accuracy improves. In a no-load
test, the speed of an induction motor is clearly constant. The speed of an induction motor
changes when a significant load is applied. As a result, the applied voltage should remain
constant in order to maintain the motor's speed. When the applied voltage is increased, the stator
current that feeds the magnetizing component of the stator winding also increases. The power
factor has dropped as a result. The torque of an induction motor is determined by the rotor
current and flux created by the stator winding. In an induction motor, flux is determined by the
amount of voltage given to the stator. If the supplied voltage is kept low, the torque generated
will remain constant, but the rotor current will continue to climb. When a three-phase induction
motor is running without load, it is put through a no-load test. This test determines the size of the
motor's continuous losses. The machine is powered up and runs unloaded off standard voltage
mains. To measure power, line current, and line voltage, suitable instruments are attached
between the supply mains and the motor terminals on the mains side. Because the motor is not
loaded, the input power taken by the motor just generates losses. Core losses are losses that occur
in the stator's iron core as well as the rotor's rotor. A tiny quantity of copper is lost in the stator
winding as well. Because the stator current is so modest, this can be overlooked.

TAMBA - The No Load Test is an indirect method for measuring the efficiency of three-phase
induction motors as well as the circuit parameters of the equivalent circuit. The transformer is
subjected to an open-circuit test. The open-circuit test on the transformer is the same as the no-
load test. The motor is uncoupled from its load in this technique, and the rated voltage at the
rated frequency is applied to the stator to drive it without the load. The motor's input power is
measured with the help of two wattmeters. An induction motor's no-load test is comparable to a
transformer's open-circuit test. The motor is not linked to its load, and the stator receives the
rated voltage at the rated frequency to run the motor without a load. The 2-wattmeter approach is
used to determine the system's input power. An ammeter measures the no-load current and a
voltmeter measures the standard-rated supply voltage. Total power is equal to the constant iron
loss, friction, and winding losses of the motor when it is running with no load.

Senorin - Process of No-Load Test

An ammeter estimates the no-heap current, and a voltmeter gives the typical appraised supply
voltage. The I2R misfortunes on the essential side are disregarded as they differ with the square
of the current, as we realize that the no-heap current is 20-30% of the full burden current,
As the engine is running at no heap, the complete info power is equivalent to the steady iron
misfortune, erosion, and windage misfortunes of the motor.no-load-trial of-an-inuction-engine
eq-1Since the influence variable of the enlistment engine under no-heap condition is by and large
under 0.5, accordingly the Wattmeter perusing of one of the Wattmeter will show a negative
perusing. Along these lines, it is important to switch the heading of the ongoing curl terminals to
take the readings.

On account of the transformer, no-heap test the consistent R0 and X0 can be determined from the
readings of the test.

PICTURES/EVIDENCEOF PERFORMANCE