Al fest ctimate for thet “Themuckd go! & ,N canbe deserted " 2 thea Dsotones sobs (AZM 2M, Dimmers a A The particle A is converted (© ae AQBiHe BC+? (Z)MaZM, Anni Caeisotus 2) Aand Cae te} and He meet have Bde DAmiSarcerjAadneceoors |'7 "a pram SIZE OF NUCLEI nerey? Jncrease 4 Thedensty ofa nucleesin which mass ra of ‘ofeach nucleon 57210"4g ad 2) No }ehes roma Dee ) Rema Rntaeio%m i 1145310" ky He dve to eta proton one 2)1.453. 104g / 3) No, 3fHehas lower bindig 3)1.453%10°"fg fm 4) 1.45310 kgm He due exea proton, 4) Cannot the concided The density of °¢ nucleus The bong coergy ia 7168 MeV and that for C28 Noi gin Then ede aoe of (inte toni sof ey reed to Fee 12,0000ama.R,-12«10"%".) oauee rand aretha atnicneit | “> 1.2 pote tag al mass numbers 64 and 27 respective (Take : 1 amu = 931 MeVietp The ratio (7, /7,) is Co! Coa ig Desiar Davies 39413 1 | Tuecnergyres she atthenacstottheorerat "| NUCLEAR DID NG 1S, Thewrong statement Byenotew — 35xi0%n 1) Its the sum ofthe rest Ameclus:® lsitorvonuihnig | ERIM tee fhe mass numbers inthe ratio 2:1. The | yk Iaigatberedio erwanscig® | 28th read p21 212321 4yy30 | Sombeetofomma mca A match bes of 5 eax sen dimensions fled ith user ny D72x10%m —2)7210"cmsas 19 this renetion gua eer Ota BE ot h that ot yee nen SOmpared Wit cS 2) always eg alwayae edi ners of8 deutgg Miele are 12 2 pares esines deutron and sometimes ei aatomiec Weight, Al nse + Alsmass number js UM(M-AVA represent fe 2) Packing faction 4) Chain Resetion nucleons ina muchues eases the binding energy per nucleon continuously with mass number eseases continously with mass umber enans constant with mass number Font increases and then desreases with inimass number rie 2 for deutron and an aparticle sw X, and X, respectively. The energy ‘nase inthe fusion of deuterium into partiele is Kgotiron (specific heat 120 Cals! Visheated by 10008C, The inereasela Wao 2)5.6x 108Ks. iS6x10"Kg 4) 5.6x 1K 2 The binding energies per nucleon fon ‘exe and helium are 41 MeVand7 MeV respectively The energy in joUes™a Setberated when 0* deuterons take P= inbereaction weagao?y 2) 88ST 1Ra3107y 4) 198810"F tn noone Ofc en Eatenectvety Three musik Of element wat fuse to give one nucleus elas Then £ a 8,~36, 9 8,432 Bei nso ‘The binding eneryy th AMV and tata Cs) TN Toe 3)495Mev a Bigeariece maces: ia Bo Do, =[M,-M,-2m Je 2) 0,=(M,-M,)e gil, -my-am}e ont Do, =(M,-M,+28)¢ Be espn) 2 a Be rig 2m) ADIOACTIVITY in, RADIO necrectascendingadette +p and 7 with referencetote onli er PeN ~ ! satis) ull pf he same yr dec: 2) Ml mn . nuclei Aan 28. Two identi radioactive element under? Ae a parte Beemits a 9~ particieand then’? Immediately afterwards and IAT and have the sme a1 mass inaber angst pera 2)A'and B have thesame ton hfe mass numbers a Savard hve dif 0m ‘avandia topes . conver, nioprooetatron and THEY fierce Doeomeon oat Dainese 30, 27h oi esp the number of 2 And. partials given ost during the price a Daatp 2)4aip 4a 478 31, Tha beam consisting of cy 200 7 Suffered by the component order, are Da,fy 2) cy. B3) Bay) Bra 32. Decrease in atomic number is ob during A) cc-emission ©) Positron emission Doelectron capture 1) Biscorrect 2) AandBare correct 3) A,Cand Dare correct 4) Only C RADIOACTIVEDECAYLAW 33, When a radioactive substance i subjected toayacuum, the rate of disintegration per second IPinereases considerably 2) isnot affected 3) increases only ifthe productsare gases 4) suffersa slight decrease 34, Aand Bareisotopes. Band Care isobar, Allthreeareradioactive. Which on of ny following is true. B) f-emission 3 38 2. p and C must belong DAB A.B 4 Cy en 2A Pose hat Awa ares ne bat Bl ‘pies edeny proce aati any mies how an Thee osm 3)Rodium 2a ie period of radlam HT eda unde 2 Ee 0125 emmy andZ 1) 150 3) 180 2. The const 1)Ha a av process, species A decays 4 Asa and species B decays in ee according tothe given re med A> 2B+ particles + thes B>3C + particles + em Do The decay constant fo ray Astsec' and that fo) Qe do 4,=100see"'. Initially dn wa sim B reaches its maximut wh 1y= 21m (10) see, Cs ) of Daxter 22 3) » The graph below show uclelN of y function of time4% ent ofthe decay Sei i 9X Ey YE 9Zi the meus R | sndZare Isotopes omers lc The reciprocal of radioactive decay stants called 2)Wholehfeperod 4)Avagadeo number isused luprovide desired doses of radia nda purposes. The total time forwhieh ‘esample can be used will depend Jol onthe number of times radiation ol onthe intensity of doses de enboth a) and (B) ‘nether on (a) nor om (©) A radioactive nuclide ean A668) “nancy by two diferent PORES | 51, H ‘chase dey const eee aig Eee “Time taken for 90% oF pte 4% Reaction 1p —pnbe #Y Free neutron is unstable thetelo lispossible 2) free protonis stable therefore possible 5 Inside nucleus both decays (te re reactions action is action 28 6 Scene Theprag ht lowing process ends oma Ofaaucearetpisontam. | DNgRE Sew ference sae 5, Nice Sionotewan with KE=S3 Mev Tatars nuclear reaction Beso mercrrcimenoteeuon oln he parc ib aay Jes bea Aneutron with kinetic energy k= 10 Mev 1408 eau with threshold energy Fs =f®er Find the Kinetic energy of alpha paticleoutgoing at right angles to the incoming neutron’ diectiond (in MeV). incase of-yeQ vale, magnitude of Qyaluemay be called threshold energy) NUCLEARENERG) TI. Atleast how many thermal neutrons Should be available to start a fission 2 23 1a 72, During the fission proces of Uranium.the mount ofenergy iberated per sion is nearly 1) indy 2)200Mev. 3) 150 4) 300MeV. 7, Premumberofaeton ta ae rele 73. Themumerae during the sion of Unucleus is yo 2k 3284S jena 2) Lair nthe Bison carried by 1) neutrons 2) fission! ar are possblePercentage of ma lost during the Mision 80, The critica mass ofa foi 2) The minimum mass node 3) Therest miss equivalent to 1020 ue nl mass offssionable uranium 235.can be reduced by T)adaing parties 3) surrounding it by « neutronreleting 4) surrounding it by neuro-absorbi 82, (A) Fission is @ thermonuclear process (B) Fusion is a thermonuclear process (D) Fission is exothermic Choose the correct answer 1)Aand Bare correct 2)Band Care correct 3)Aand Care correct 4)B,C and D are correct . In a fusion process a proton and neutron combine to give a deuterium nucleus.f m, and m, be the mass of neutron and proton “Etively the mass of deuterium eos the foston of rydrogen in Carag hy anor ae «tne ag YR oe «See tect! Sapo sn necene quia eaiee be than the sun obtain their energy the «C2 es So tena pate 2) fases with another ,C' nucleus to ‘om, Me™ oe Je eeheatsanis adios te 92. Source of solar energy cam be sald to be So a eee gets converted into helium with carbon 2 s Napplied by sasha erphilation of elec (annbilati DMeV isMeV as thermo nuclea Indrogen is convert um. Ifthe effi the electrien ARs v Disa Anadear reactor; ‘iency by fissi Bement of 4. Pe ™ysrays, ot ‘Seas. The a u * and Pal = "spectivel ee Per ha ee Tht soa ns ee 4) proton Wired to 8.125 x toe ston kilowatt hour. lls uppled by ass that ie erated atom 2) 6K8 3) Lng ea |e smount of nerRy released a the paonot 690 (0 f]OFMA Het musta abe ding energy per musleon of = 1.1 veining energy per nucleon of Hat 7Mel ya MEV 2)5.9 Mev MeV 4)2 Mev minimum amount of energy released aanhilation of elect ssMeV 4)200MeV loa thermo nuclear reaetion 107 Kg Of Indragen is converted into 0.99% 107% of eum, Ifthe effcieney of the generator is jeal energy generated in J » 3)i. 250" A) a1 ‘sucear reactor generated power atS0% {U2 into equal ‘ciency by fission of the emission of rays of 5.2 MeV eat “trons. The average B1 91 a pall in 722 MeV an 8 Ne esp tye spectively, The amouat of peo 00M the genestt®09934m. tft mhgsterstar be ink Deas. ia 101.4 photon ote slectron penitent tate Sansni0 er theanausiesoccbs) Deal 33x10 TOL Inthenuela fon eatin Hota! “en gven thatthe Fepulsve ota enereybetneen he eet? gy the heated tonite reneton earl [Botumaan'sconstnt S Ka13891074/x1 io Divx Divx 10K 10 ort stn nergy The ener eon nthe sion of Kgs, DasrieKWH — D25x10°KWH J)25xi0KNH 425x107 KWH 1G4.8 1 MeW positron encounter a1 MeV letron traveling in oppose direction. “The ol energy released in MeV) 2 2802 3)1024)2.08 [ARTIFICIAL TRANSFORMATION {W6.During an aria transmutation the mucus ents 1) p-patices 3 pvaysneons Sa aaa RADIO Marthe age of pottery is determined by gists usingaradicsotne ol T)earbon 2) coal Pe 4) phosphor NUCLEAR FORCE 107. The short rangeattr that are responsible 2) c-parces| nuclear forces the binding of‘uclons ina nucleus are supposed be ea 108. Thestronginteraction ents in 1) Gravatonal res 3) Nackarferces, 108.Nuclear fares ree DSpindependon_4)Alihesbove 1a. kent the covet atemenvtatenents 4) At greater distances cer forces we veal 2) Nuclear forcesare non central foces 4) Nocer fore are cans depend foes Dab 2Qbe dad jad 11 Which o he foowingsnatcoret nuclear forces? 1) Theyare shor range atractv oees 2) Theyare independent of charge 3) They change to repulsion at very else aisance 4) They obey inverse square lw 2. Among the following, short range, charge Independent and spin dependent forces are 1) Gravitational forces 2) Nuclear force 3) Electromagnetic foroes 4) Weak forces Let FF, and F, denote the magnitudes of the net nuclear force by a proton on a proton by proton on aneutronand by 2 neutron ona neutron respectively whe the separation is less than one fermi, then 2008 E) ) FPF gFe 2) FFs ) RoR OF 4») er Wo" protons are kept at a Seperation of Mnm.Let F be the nuclear force and F, be cctrostati force between them, Then, 2)E>>F, 3) F<, )E=3F, DISCOVERY O NEUTRON R22 ping Tiss Te ate ine pala oS a res 2) phutoning Neuron 2) Pron om 3)Eleczon Da a Pesce tel 116.8 reeneston despot E )aproton stcecton anda anime 7 tm VS" ager reactor the main g apron ncketonandanegpe | oo ee apron en ton ree tr ash that iy 1) groon occa RM? a pn parca mae = i a potentil olga uy.Newtvon was discovered by coed ol Sagem ne aye oei so further Seay jon, ener eeased py ) Arteta of (Be) yg ‘when uranium 235 a 0M aac bg Tae 2D arieammetatin ot Mg eof ful nec S}Raheresetengofabpainy, Ny Nam fd the vale oi ‘) bec aha ast jeer developing mci Sg sino Klowals. How many Kg 3 3 fesion per second ? HOW 119, The energy thermal neutrons is pou be used up in 1000 f deliv nase scan Assume an average ener 118, The averagelife ofan slated neutrons 1) doo Fi 3) =2Mew “Moy y reased per fission, Take AY 120.A nucleus with an exces ofmeutronsmay sed Pet Bssion. Take Ay ‘eeay withthe emission of ser a8 610° and MeV =I 6x Daneaton apron cer reactor using ame Meee Parrot sjuskareactor using 5 Bete NUCLEAR REACTOR Wofclstrcal power. The effice 121. Theproducsofthe ison of by tema =e efcieny oF conversions neuonare so electrical energy) is259 DBaY!andKs*and3neutonalways Sunt of 4 in kg Xe $e and go abvays re The Co 3)eanbedifizent neath fsion he thernhal Enea 4) should hav: same mass number janet is200 MeV. 121 Cone ie owing statements and “ltethe excitation energy ofthe ‘not equal andchange dependent Yop) tl teutrons, Given 35.0439 amu, 4)AiscoreetB is rong,ered ofoxveen and deutenoy, ae clemeat Hei wmmalea reactor is eae cee 2 phorum i main charm 2 aca as sth i mperous 23.8 potential polktant post te inerms of further decay var eacton, energy released par fasion fa MeV. When uranium 235 i used as fielinareactorhavinga powerlevelof i the amount of fuel needed in 30 days fn 4: Nem find the value of 0 kilowatts, How many’ kg of ison per second ? How many kgof 1d be used up in 1000 hours of inn? Assume an average energy OF200) {released per fission, Take Avogadro's runic as 610° and IMeV =1.6310% lear reactor using >*U generates 250 felcrical power. The efficiency ofthe ‘pcorlic efficiency of conversions ofthe nein electrical energy) is 259%. Whats amount of 2, in kg used in the reactor sar? The thermal energy released Pet snot =y 200M vl the excitation energy oft COMPO ‘iin Mev produced when 0 84 990; ‘ter thermal neutrons. Given MASSeSaF= ‘| =2990548 amu 4 Fost 18) son 192 To 3a 63 Tes 194 108 2) 23 292 26) 251 293 33308 32 4s 395 31 32403 4BL 493 S04 Ss 593 Shs S)son ams 98) loa). 1032, 107}4 108)5 109}4 10) a2 15). IDL 1183 91 120). a2 1293 120)2 125)1 apial — 2appes EXERCISE - 1 - SOLUTIONS (Chena properties dependon foie number ‘Neutron number issame ‘sand Chas sare atomie numer pr ale) Teradiwsof 7 mucus canbe given os RRA” or aet2n0”*() e21590%D hestocmicrassof'c 612mm Negesire the mmases and nding eerie of He Sk cleo Nuclear densityjose So sso 1008 oss 038 yone onta1ou010 ovxurt © OTL? ( consumers) EPS) a1 | cuooas ac seaesge ayes OSA syst 2522281 0 “ONIGNTS UVITON 2S asiyon=ds 3 at au sosse Oe DES x6 woe anu) 5 ngoxe'te Put pat N30 ecient cn nt re > Seu, RAALOANALS YY Wasi NIN295,01 = 8 eryoimeo'8(@ 285,018 2onpard Jooneu asa Vio sssiCandtiaorscrtaat | gS wcueinieee ees | era ton fof radhenctive seat henge ith ape ih |. Ase Pe iy af | 3 The decay chin that bends from gt reveling caastaeptomsme | const fap How many seo! coun perenne | spin eee there oo rb ges 25x10 couse mans decay sane B ere acrefemeeescit| HALE TICS a aeenen Iie of C* 5730 3087) | (OW MEAN LIFE OF 2) 11609 RRAIOACTIVE SAMPLE 4) as | erent proces, The ha es rials eat | __ine proces oat and that a th mes momen % ee a Meroe Prorant ate mo >>?on resents CD, Which ofthe along best FP" ‘Me remaltng eure? ny >T, the number of nuclei becomes constant, The value of his constant is AT 37. A radioactive sample can decay by two different processes, The half-life for the first process is 7,and that for the second process is 7. The effective halflife T of the radioactive sample is prener, Dr ren er leer 38. A piece of wood collected from cro- Magnon caves gave 4 disintegrations / min, A freshly cut wood of the same weight gives 16 d.p.m. The cro-magnon man lived about (Half life of C is $760, ‘years. Assume the activity is due to C#* only) 1) 5700 years ag0 2) 2900 years apo 3) 11520 years ag0 4) 1400 years ago 39. Thenumberof (nuclei in a rocksample equal to the number of p5 atoms. The half life of is 4,510°years.The age of the rock is, 1 asxio’y 3)13.5x10°¥ 2) 9x108y 4D) 1axio’y 40: 4 0. B 4 4, . 4 grams of i. 1 Tprobours 2.shours 4175 5)12.shour 2)rinerfords of radio acti hpalflife equal (0 3 days yay pay nS dion tial boop ~ Tan rutherfords 2) 12 i ae L6hr —2)12hr 3) 24 hay ‘The fraction of a radioactive sample, decay during half ofits halflife period BPE 1 a aa active clema disintegrates in Thr, The percentage o the radio active element disintegrates 2hrs will be : 1) 36% 2) 64% 3) 606 ioactive subst 12 gm after some time, 1 gram ‘another radioactive substance gm in the same period, If is 2 hours, the halflife of Ai 1) 3/4 Four 2433) 14 ifferent radioactive elem ‘ing the container has 20 with half-life of2 days , Bh with half-life of 20 days, C with half-life 200 days {oms with half-life of begining the maximum. by the container is 2Beof rani isa mie reotthee “and ,.u% - Presene . pte 110 0.006% O79, gaa fsee rectivels The hatpnye ag eres 25%10"years, | pe gat so'yerrs and W5si08) yaa pctv. The Contribution to a ‘of each isotope tivity " the sample gectvely “therfon oe Baie, 12.15%. 46.46% eRe, 5: 4124.46.46%, 2.13% olume BPO 2 13%,51.41%%, 45.469 46.46%, 2.13% 514 NUCLEAR REACTIONS rebinding energy per nucleon of. 17 ang se! L.AeV and 7 MeV respectively, The released in the process Source is 124, H? =, Hetis Bien gy 2s Die ees III ses of vo sobars Cu" an Zl ae 63298 and 63,9292 u respectively Itcan be concluded from these data that: Both the isobars are stable decaying t0 Gy" zn is radioneti saying (0 Zn* cut is radioactive, d is radioactive, deeaying 10) Zr ese dey a ‘seam ofc partes i nent gen gas. What should Be enerey of = ‘ticles, in eV, to ionize the hnydrogen Atoms Di? at = nse ORE ‘nan «- decay the Kinette enerEy Of Petile is 48 MeV and. Q-value of fe “action is SO MeV The mass numbet 8. 56. ‘Assume at 7, ughtey 1st Mcleus sin greunttenee 00 4) None of these mg With he masses 3) 104 2 Anuclear ear reaction al ofthe part Partclestakingpartinitisas follows Ae BC+ 540 Theeney g Bien) Stee ‘The folowing muctear reaction will ake lassi thebombardment of proton with th uous a8!» Bel nhs ‘enim kineticenergy possessed by Proton tocauseabovereaction’s [given that Mf] =7.01600 am, 3/[ 0 7.01693 amu} [2#)]= 1.00789 ame, 1) 1008660, DiisMey ——2)1.6s Mev A)215Mey 4) 12 Mev In hypothetical star, two carbon nuclet fuse to form magaesiam, The (Take: am = 991 Moy released per carbon nuctels: (Mass of Mg =23.985 amu) 1)13965MeV Mev 36982 MeV 4)10.12Mi “The binding energy per nucleon for C!s, 7.68 MeV and that for Cis 7.47 MeV, ‘The energy required to remove a neutron from Cis 1)495 MeV 2)0.63 MeV Ay006S MeV §)549 MeV NUCLEAR ENERGY ch fasion of 5,200 MeV of energy doe ares produces INT power the at of isin nit willbe 1) gazsxi0" perme 2) gansxi0” Perse yaaosei0” pri apzsstergy from st" $8. The rate of emision 3 ros of mass i? 4 mC (60. Energy released in fission of single ysl nucleus is 200 MeV. The fission rate of sg fueled reactor operating at power OFSW is:- 1)1.66% 10%? 2) 1.56% 101! 3) 15610! 4) 1.66 107s! 61. Annuclear power plant suppling electric power to a village uses a radi I life T years as the fuel. thebeginning issuch ower requirement of the ‘of the electrical power available from the plant atthe time. It the plant is able to meet the total power needs ‘ofthe village for'a maximum period of aT ‘years, then the value of nis Ina nuclear reactor an element X decays toa radioactive clement ¥ at a constant rate 1015 atoms per sec. Eachdecay releases 100 MeV energy. ¥ immediately decays to a stable product Z. Fach decay of Y releases 50 MeV, Allenergy released inside the reactor is used to produce electricity at an efficiency of 2 Calculate the eleetrical power in kW generated in the reactor in steady state, (take 1eV = 1.6 « 10) 63. ‘Two deuterons fuse to form atritron. How much energy is liberated in Mev? (Mass of deuteron is 2.014102 amu, mass of tritron 3.016049 amu, mass of proton 1.007825 amu) 4. ‘The fission type of warhead of some guided les is estimated t0 be equivalent to 30000 tons of TNT. If 3.5 * 10° joules of energy are released by on tone of that the total village a, 6s 66. 67 68. 6. 70. xpi tmed in the explosion of cco casein tna on : es al ny fina rane of. Given that heme per fission is 200 MeV. he reaction 3Lix] > Thegiy thermic. Assuming that Ling codec ret italy. Th sinetic energy Gn KeV) of incident pga saan reaction occursisn 236 Re value of m. Take Q Value gti ‘Breton as 1645 keV. ARTIFICIAL, TRANSFORMATION (Which of the following changes ate Wafclal transmutation Of age isnumber ofneutrons $jaumbar ofeetrons 3)atome weight RADIO. ‘1 Identify the corrctstatement/statemess 2) Radiation causes genetic mutation 5) Restriction in blood circulation ine defected using radia-odin 6) Hydrocarbon plastics are used 8 snoderatorsin a nuclear reactor 4) The damage caused duet c-radain 'ssmall due tots small penetratingpone Nabe 2)acd 3)bed 4) abd NUCLEAR FORCE Two nucleons are at a separations 1x10, The net force between themis 5 if both are neutrons, Fy if both at protons and F, ifoneis a proton and! isa neutron, In such a case ty Protons 3) Neuto 4% Slow neu thermal I)they ar ayieyar 3) they ar ytheire molecu 1. Thermal 1)Promy 2Sbow: 3)Neutr 4)Neutn 1. The pr ‘ucleus called Y Nucl 2) Ani 3) Nue 4) mucieus E Dia |, \vcy 2 EF; Its Two protons attract each oth “wis 1) the distance between thems I then 2) the distance between thems 3) the distance between hemi 4) the distance between them:sta am meric and muck tat nd gravitation ional and nuclear the fllowing i ificant in nuee 4) Ectroan ar physic ot rearing ‘ones duet the exchange between of 2) Photons positon 4) Electrons pIsCOVERY O NEUTRON The most penetrating atom smashing \UCLEAR REACTOR: 1." pm of a nuclear fuel of mass number \"undergoes fission ‘inside a reactor then ‘Nenumber of fissions will Be (N-Avagadro Vk 2)Nax 3) NMANEO }0 moderator shoul eet moderatorshould — eer Energy re 0 Hd in the Rion of x ingle Fate or CIS 1 200 MeV" The trton aU feed react 7 pone atl reactor operating at can at esion in 2 3) Phe se" Sera K-E of thermal neutron sof the ‘Order of(in keV) Y30 2)003 303 4) 0.0 Tmamuclear reactor fsion produced in Vim of? 5U 235.0349 amu) tn assuming that Xe (91.8673 a (140.9139 fm) are produced in all actions and no energy is lst, the total ‘ergy produced is m10kilowatt-hour Then find the value ofN (given | amu 931.5 Mev.) Ina nuclear reactor an clement X decays toa radioactive element Y ata constant ate 10! atoms per sec. ach decay Feleases 100 MeV energy. V immediately ‘decays toa stable product . Exch deca) ‘ofY releases 0 MeV. All energy released Inside the reactor is used to produce electricity at an efficiency of 2 Galeulate the electrical power in kW in steady stat, Consider the following fasion reaction HP HP > Het. 1020 MeV of energy fs released pet fusion reaction. Mass of {dfconsumed per day is0.1 gm. Power of Ihe reactorin MW is 1 Iva nuclar reactor an element X decays toa radioactive clement Y at a constant rate 1015 nuclei per see. Each decay Feleases 100 MeV energy. Hallie of Y equals Tand decaysto a stable product . Bach decay of ¥ releaseS0 MeV. All tenergy released inside thereactor is used fo prodoce etry at an cen of 54, Caleulat the cectecal power ink enerated in therenctor insted sa88. Atuclear power Pi: Power to a village uses 4 ial of halflife T years as the Ainount ofthe bn ge € total power requirement of the Vila#s ist2.Sesorthe clctrical power available from the plant at die time. If die plant Is able to meet the total power needs of the Village for a maximum period of nT Years then the value of nis EXERCISE - I - KEY 273. 3 6)0.73 10)2 141 18)2 22)1 26)2 30) 2 34)2 38)3 42)2 46)2 50)4 54)1 58)2 62)6 64) 0.1279 65) 4.55 69)4 73) 1 ™2 82 85)6 fuel The ingissuch that 88)3 EXERCISE - Il - HINTS \ 1. Z=56,N= 141-5 nsillicon ~ A=N4+Z=28 = [1.6747 0.0013 = 1077 kg According lo massene Energy released => m=4.7x10"K 8. [Zm,+(4=Z)m, 9. WitwasA Y¥32z6 EXERCISE -II1 SIGNLE ANSWER QUESTIONS: 1 Anucteus alpha deeaysto produce ¥. The volume ofmuleusY fea times] thevolume ofapha parce Find themass umber (A)oX 3228 «220 2. Consider the nuclear reaction Lis 528 He 116 ‘The relevant atomi masses are: 1i°7.108u 1.0084; He: 4.004 One gramor yz iscompletely consumed 4m the reaction along with sufficient mount of 7. Find energy released D1.62%10"-5 ») 27x10" 2) 1.62«10-") 3. The correct statement is ‘A Themueleus $1 canemitanalpha particle BB:The mele 3Po canemit proton C-Deuteron and alpha particle can undergo D.The nucte complete ison, NZn and Se can usdergo (18) bombarded by alpha particle undergoes 4. Beryllium nucleus when nuclear reaction producing °C. Binding energy per nucleon for different species areas under BE. :6.4763MeV:Bey :7.0819Me¥ BE: 7.6885 MeV late the energy released in the reaction. why don’t we require Bindi energy of Xin this calculation? 8) 3867719Y 8) 42377 ey ©) 48480107 @)5.6477Mev The kinetic energy (in keV) of the alpha Particle, when thenucleus at rest undergo alpha decay, is A.S319. 5492. s7o7 There are two radionuclei A and B, 4 an alpha emitter and B isa beta emitter D.ssis| 9, Teer tied, What should ata the probable of ating vrais arse at tine gag al au! 32 Oem the a-decny of auctor somprnnedy emialon ota ceiparticles- one group mage pares of ie oer ee Siher having a—parites grat chengy £2 MeV. Falling te le india goundad ext coergy at gemma phen ga ‘chneuenty emited 9 desea! theexeed dvghtermai Ass nuclei of 472 areat rest 2)0,09MeV 2) 6.82Mey ©) 452MeV 1.53 Mey The figure shows a plot of number y neutron (N) versus number ofpratn ‘all stable nuclei found in nature, Wha kind of decay are muclel X.Y and, expected to show? }) the case of Y only negative = des eads to lowering of © ratio Bol > ral ©) Inthe ase of Z onlypostronemissan et ground s amma p differen MeV Cal of Zn n M, = 68 a) 15eV 2. Find th nuclide 4% per nidioae A) Lax! N toincrease of = ratio d)Allare enrrect Consider the positron emission reas $094)8 +9 ony arom1-53Mey of number of + of rotons n nature. What ci XY and’ Bits, atomic mae ae "sn0s6 255 Of ponies 1005494 hen find the mastn encrky of emitted pyain tie ner Positron the mass ofthe electron rctimesthe mas ofthe the mas ofthe electron ass ofthe electron Auessited " Zy Nucleus atrest decays und state Zy BY way oF emitting » ima photon. the energy equivalent of ference in mass of Z'n and Za ish ve) Calculate the kinetic energy of recoil Za nucleus. Rest mass of 2 1s SeV b)2.30V ¢)38eV. d) O.8eV. Find the decay constant of Co radia tuclde if its activity is known fo deerase per hour. The decay product is not- 10s B) 2.2%10%s" 0° D) 4x107s" 1 Nuclei of radioactive element A se poduced at rate #2" (where #s time) my time 1. The element A has deesy ‘nnstant 1. Let be the number ofRucel clement A at any time & At Ont num. The the num? is dN /dt ism ‘Tule of element A.at time f B) soar 1 oenet oneetote Second wat N, and at st second willbe 15 Ane one, Oe Neste and th her unstie Noper faa Muelel is equal to Wa ie stabi mc iseqel to Atratine {henetvy othe sumpleecreased ton ‘third of thenitiataetivity while the total Sumber of mace excluding dees cd ‘uc became bat id the i ae ‘ftheraton 1 16, Taking the data from last problem and assuming that 18% of our body mass Imadeupotcarho cla the number of beta partes being emitted from the body ofa man ofmas SOkin one minute ‘Assume beta activity de fo radiacarbon 3 3 only. 072-10 bran ©0710" 4) Lats 17, The table that follows shows some measurements of the decay rate of & Sample of ,aradionuelide often used sedically as tracer to measure the ate Mthichiodinetsabsorbed bythe thyroid and. 7 | m™ | We a)e8)2|s 30 100 150200 D)The half ie for this radio nuclide. 25min D)smn Two radioactive samples of fferen lent (haflves and respectively hhave same numberof nucle at (= 0. The 20. A radioactive isotopes being produced a 4 constantrate X. Halt life of the Tadlosctive subsinnce is ¥ After some time, the number of radioactive nucle become constant, The value of this xy in(2) A radioactive sample isa mixture of two vespecies-one having population yan life of, and the other one ‘) (2¥)in(2) Dy xi 21 radict Ni hasa hhaying population 1, has nuclei having | mean life of /,. Find the effective mean | lifeof the nucle in the mixture, | Nit +N a aKa Ina beam of neutrons the particles are havinga kinetic energy of0.0327CV. the hal life of neutron is 693 second, what fraction of neutrons ill decay before the DyNane ofthese | 24 materiasis A, attime i, and A, at me 1,(t,=1,). tts mean lifes T chen AVA =A, By msmsant | CO. Dia, A 26. vem mass of neutron 1.67Skigyy Ys ye aiid a0 er ind tne mean feof °C, Hisactiy, | ot? nto decreases 47% per py known 25) not yom 6925 €)305F aaa Te coatrate fr [00cm of ieagye rs e €Some of this auld tee ae es rnecomnt rac of hema est found tobe C/10afler fecha Ma ume of tetera p30 40 60 Day | Geemed ‘Qo alpha active cement has molarmay | §1.98M° Ain bata halflife of /Alarespiawgt | 2) 02Me thickness a made from theradloseine |e of of the plate is p. clement, Denst alate the number ofalphalpari, | capture P © cetted in unit time from unitsurfaceara a ofthe plate. Avogadro’s numberis.W fee para 2apN, 4 0N, | cess ra bas The popolaionofactivenucktinasmape y 4 star | of radioactive isotope has been pte jo uc vith time i gore Look atthe graph "0 carefully and find the value of 4 Ws ven that ¢,=50 minuts ea a thenuc a(t) ™ te 3 werk ‘ ‘ SS i. ols Wis en, as11) is radioact ve isto, Iie of aboee oie is produced at pore and isb up, Snore and is Drought to the qa BREE yrs mechanism repenie i inateron the Fart. Estimate abot of WINE Whose 177 ra It has a About 2 20305] Bed axes 5) 13 8Yeg peace o> 77 6Yeus lee ite Yonetbatan cktron and. position pai ing le send rom gamina ray photon having a os ji98MeV b)2.98Mev Homey 3 o2Me¥ €)2.06MeV. $i pe eck of “Cx. cam decay by electron PAFficles pure (probability 61%) orby 5 decay faceares ‘ i (stot 27a tea ilbshr b)20.Shr c)32.4hr 4) 48.6he {star initially has j® deuterons. It roduces energy via the processes Hef} Hep and 11) Ho He +n « Where the masses of thenucli are: (014amu,m(p)=1-007am 4,001 amu, (x) =1,008 and m(“He he average power radiated by the sta i110", the deuteron supply ofthe sit ‘exhausted in a time of order of ‘ios Bots C08 DUO "Vs know that the ratio of Cf Ee *onsin ving beings and atmosPers s bel twas found 2, 34. ‘stant. In one experiment it thigh Foca Bram ofa peat ity ofa living slsintgration per minute pet on content, Find the ratio of Oct toms nour te ‘minute. IeSAY OFC is S160 yr= 3.0310" SE Diao Beale 8) 1.4810" The ratio Teer weigh) for U2 and Ps ins Fock sample i 4:3 Assume that inally the rock had only (2 and the mtine Pp" is product of decay of Thelntermetlateradioatve nuclides in i chain are very smallin quantity inthe "ook. Find the age ofthe rock is half of UP is 4si10? year fos 179=025,o,2= 03) Do2sadyan 0725010! Osas.ithyaes 6495010 Tn the thorium decay series that be with b) my. o) Beason 168s Te ce 20 NYT Si a ram aes er punters pace 181 a LE ctnretot poweris y is 50%) A) 210° C) 5x10" nto % yy witha hal ie of3.7 4 BY 2.5x10° D) 110"35: Ina sample there are two radioactive cts Xand Ytnitally population ofS 152.5 mes that of¥ yas observed that GTX becomes 5.0times that of population oY ind the halflife oF ita ie of ¥ is 2.0 days 1) 2days 1) days 6) iy 6) Rasy a miclarreator the neutrons produced ‘of the order of few Me¥, wheres the 1 fissions only with a slow iy used ¢o slow down the neutrons A neutron hitings deuterium nucleus slows down quick Caleuatenow manyheadon lanecollsions musta nentron have wih deateriam nucle voredueeisenergy rom MeV to 0.025eV, Assume that neutron far fromcolisons wth devterim Te 105, rag} =047 34 6 98 10 MULTI ANSWER QUESITONS: 37, Choose the correct options 'A)By gamma radon tome numbers nevbanged E)bygannaa G}Bytheemisionofone cand ewo Bpaicsinotopesare produced Day theemsionofone cand our Bparices wobarsare produced 2=0301 and log, 1 38, Regarding a nucleus choose the correct ‘options. A) Density ofa nucleusis directly proportional tomas nimber, A B) Density ofallthe mucletisaimost constant, ofthe order of 10" kg/m’ (©)Nucleus radius sof the order of 10" m 1D) Nuclewsradius i diretlyproportional to ‘massnumber,A 39. Assume thatthe nuclear binding energy per ‘nucleon (BIA) versus mass number (A) is shown in Fig. Use this plot to choose 40, 41 100200 «Fusion of ovo nucitwih mas rate Hingin the angeof! , C" +43 Mey co HN 2May mass >, 08 «73Mep 100 wat . c release themassrange | +74 200Mev EMERY When J ne thatthe mass of nucleus is gven = Amp where Ais the mass number theming, hd mp =1.007270, The density of te cnereyuheee | mater in the mucleus is) aboat io'kg/m’. ‘Then y is (Take ee ee es Podecay J INTEGER (or) NUMERICAL. by A.willave ‘QUESTIONS: Consider a nuclear reaction A+B => y Ama A sckus A moving with kinetic enerzy of SMe collides with a nucleus B moving by Bwill© J i .inticenergy of 3 MeV and forms ‘eles Cin exited state, Find the Kine Bmayhave ] ery of nucleus C justater its formation : iis formed in a state with excitation pstameesstls Yxery 10,65 MeV. Takes masses of musi omy 625% Y's. and Cas 25.0, 10.0,34:995 ama! andes nu =930 MeV. (ral ofthe reaction, N+ 90) *P Ihe masses of NiHESBOT ae "epetively 1400374 4.0026 LOOT 28116999134 is 5 Me. The valet “nearly [lu=931.5Me VI Pir» y23e chan Rapa tills AMV and Q-value the 850 MeV. The mas number of [Assume t “sai Teaisatemme atncintantny Apoinét 900 oO where x is thedauphter nucleus sin ground chi Aand 50, {Fd active sample of decay a Gonstant jini ata distance, from radiation counter starts mov starts moving towardsthecounter IPthe count number ecorded hy the counter remains constant ith respect to time. Then the speed of theradioactivesampie a function of ine by find =2ma=te SL, Ata given instai lundecayed radioactive null in sample. After § sec, the number of undecayed. nuclei reduced to 12.5 %. The time ater which the number of undecayed nucle will further reduce (o 625% of the reduced numberis_see 2, A gall quantity of solution containing Na24 radionuctide (with a halt ife of 15 hours) ofaetivty 1.01 curielsinjected into theblood ofa person. 1 em® blood sample ‘hows 296 disintegrations perminuteafter Shouts suming uniformspreading ofthe adionuelie in the person's blood estimate {he total volume his blood. (i litres) 3, Theradiosctvity ofasampleR, at sime'T,and R,atatime'T, Ifthe hal Ife of the specimen the umber of wtoms that haveasintgraredin the ime n(R-RJT crt) iseataltep smettegeat number: Whatis the Here issor sane of? tor of capacity C is ‘ies of a and fp decays 4, A charged Pnber of decay undergonIfe J. It ihe ratio of electro nergy stored in the capacitor 10 he ss th lie days emits B~ particles of average kinetic enerey E 4. The radionuclide is used as source in generates electric S280, The number Clectrial energy at an Hnital rate P is of eat generated by 1.0 mg ation during the one od of there nucle, if ‘emitted »-particiesare known to ergy $3 MeV Is iter nck Theamou th possess the kine 02 M. are practic ‘What isthe value of n The graph of activity vs time fora radio ive nuclide samp drawn. The me ple is» Theaetivity of ¢=0 ‘tangent drawn to thecurveatan 57. oft R, instant when activity is “> and this ntercepts the time axis a f, 28 ange shown the value off, = ¥(I+x!n2) ‘58. Ina nuclear reactor an element X decays to aradio active clement ¥ at a constant ‘atoms per sec. Each deca} rate 10" Peliiecays to stb pra mm decay oF releases 80 My 7. Each deere inside the reactor Moduceceetricity at an 38h. Calculate the tw Bene raed Inthe Teactor 0.96 gram ram 9p sed erin consumed in ome day. of mas of.gpU labloas ea Fra the power of reactor (in MW) PARAGRAPH TYPE: aph-l funstable nuctel cam deey flower man Paray Many ly to-8 nu spontaneous Mar diferent combination process of spo Fadiation is calles {apes of radiations are emitted by Trlionetive substance, Radioactive decay isa satistieal process. Radioactivity is indepndent ofall external conditions, The number of decays per unit time or decay rate is called activity. Activity txponentially decreases with time, Iiferime is always greater than halElie 64 Choose the correct statement about radioactivity A) Radioactivity sa statistical prowess B) Radioactivity is independent of heh temperature and high pressure ©) When @ nucleus undergoes a=o" (s— decay ts atomic number changes D)Allofthese 61, 167, is the hate and‘, is the mea fe. Which ofthe following statement correct A Ty>Ty BT, <1, ©) Bothate diceetly proportional tosis" the decay constant Dyboth (a) 4 What are umber of & Atwhate tnd Bare A)4 min ingraph ‘The mas Sum of ¢ 4eutron "cleus (00 MeV energy. Half life of Y releases 100 MeV energy. Da iaby N atomgaee radon < half ofetement nance ement wine ange | cone a SO a oe a nofnucleong a | paccle anf fiveP-particls, Atimet os emlasggtn | sel ot Aare, and hatte Radioactivity J) ic numbers a ing tivity. Aetiviiy P) -2.=+ B) A Aaa rith GeMean Ya) and (b)arecorrect than alee Yo ‘at are number of nuclel of C, when tunber of nuclei of Aand B are equal? IN tement about al process endent of high Ban, O neal cece min B)6min C)S8min D)2muint oe The mass of nucleus ,X* is less than'the of (A~Z) numberof ‘eutrons and _z number of protons is ‘The cargy equnaen ie roping neers ebindingenergy ofthe nucleus:ABEED eof cana mB mandm, omy us iene auclel of ‘am ofthe masess n.) AAPA, BRED i P D)Forany vatuesof byy which offelowingisincorrea? | p)al”2= aN pie graph y Bas, ‘Frown hasa population oF1 million, Th | 22M sveragectectrc poner ete prpengs | oN 500'W. A reactor t to be desmedy |S ay Ae een Suplypowerto histo. Theta 84 i EN +N +N, 2 with thermal power fs converted ing (8 Paragraph-6 Clecric power aimed at 25%, 1 prea radioactive clement Xare bring | -s, ‘Assuming 200 MeV of thermal energy |y Incase 1 Produced at constant rate q and this | (Neato cash taston eeateg | ceon clement decays oa stablemuclues Ywith | average, find the number of evens thay I decay constant and hal-feT,. Attime | Should take place every day. | 24x10" sae a O.there are N, nuctefoftheelement |) 324%10 Da =m) . ©) 3243107 D) 324008 4 76. Assuming the fission to fake placelarmy |g 7. The number N,of muclel of x at time |" nrongh 2a what rt ete ae i of 5p) decrease ? Express your ansnet - inkg/day. x A)3264 B)2.264 €)4.264 last ‘77. Assuming that uranium enriched to3%eis |) ®U will be used, how much uranium’ needed per month (30 days)? ANGI Ske B) 1263 kg, | ©2263 kg, D) 3263 ke, MATRIX MATCHING QUESTIONS: | 7%. Match Column -Iwith Column 8, COLUMN-1 COLUMN 8) a-decay —_p) Neutrino | »)B-decay —q) Tunneleffert Oy edecay 1)Atomic number deereos enerle reaction taka wy cnckus Af mass witha er rncired (threshold ener aa OS 5 son vit tanoneg te ast mary nua ‘the maznitade of yay Nccollsion with a nucleus ofmg ey win tisc the vale of initial KE of the 4-R,B-S,C-S,D=P 3)4-P,B-O,C-R,D-S 04-0,8-R,C-8,D=P °) 4-0,B-R,C-S,D-8 Sime laws/processes are given in ‘oumn-t. Mateh these with pBYStEa) _Pievomena given in column OLUMN = Nuclear fusion B-decay "action jon by Nuclear fissior 4d) Exothermie nuclear Posie for mci with ow ‘number ANY Possible for nace with higher Bea sos BOON toc tin oy WAGE ie iy IBA IBA YE ama 2 2333 20 dH 29A 269A 2D 2A IP 30K WA aD 3A yD Se dex IAB “3)HC39}B04)ADSTABC DAD aH ANT Asn sen 409 49. 30) ss sys 52 $2 554 S08 sm Sty 3) GD GHA Ge BHC EHC 6B 6A GNC SHA soe TOA TB TA TCC 13) IDB BA-+(Q),B-(p2), C410), D009 a SA+0.9)B-v(01, CSSD Ibe) EXERCISE - Ill - HINTS 1 Res? 2, Am=7.018+1,0082-4.004 =0018« nergy released none reaction = Amc” =(0018«1.67«10%e)(«10'm/ 9) = 21x10 i Energy released 2.710" 6.02310" = 12x10 a0. fa pS 0,a-decayisposile 3 Be ots number ean ged to predict hat particle is on fete= t=6min In2« 410 24% 60x60 f decay =N, (Ie) where 2, 65x24 s above problem nulation=rate of formation rate -offormation and disintegration tively N, 2, andN, (2 +A): ease if +A, )ora, > tay 2, umber of nuclei at any instant e +N,=2N, ind Y formed are in the ratio tal number ofnucleiof X and a Se fo cleirequires 6.023 =1.264kg/day 79. Similar to above problem, 80. Nuclear reactions XERCISE - IV SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONsg , 1A stationary nucleus of mass 24 amu ems "a gamma photon. The energy of ¢,¢ emitted photon is 7 MeV. The regi, nergy of the nucleus is Sohiev B) 1.1 kev 5) 3.1 keV D)22keV The electrostatic energy of Z protons uniformly distributed throughout + spherical nucleus of radius R is given by (Ze 4r6.R ‘The measured masses of the neutron, |H,3N and and !Oare 1.008665 4u,1,007825 4, 15.000109u and15.003065y, respectively. Give that the radii ofboth the Yvand ¥Onuclei are same, lu=931.5MeV /e* (cis the speed of light) and ¢* /(476,)=1.44 MeV fm. Assuming that the difference between the binding energies of !''’ and !° Ois purely dueto the ¢lectrostatic energy, the radius of either of the nuclelis (1m=10"m) 8) 2.85 fm b) 30.3 fe) 3.42 fm d) 380 fm The graph of binding energy permucleon B= 4 Ina sal probabi decay it half life {Take | a) 1732 ©) 164s * Atom Be 3v STIONS ; = 24am emi nergy of tie To keV keV of Z protons ‘roughout « is given by’ he neutron, re 1.008665 15.0030654, ii of both the vat COMPONENTS a ghed of line for A>se y, 9S® 180u so A>S6ig asi setRy of $e mucus est) Me ry stable structure meas number Tings, ED de ate the fr nvclees rittoey _) NDIA decay 1210 ‘ouceus with mass sreetemits an particle, Ifthe Q- ‘tie ofthe reaction i 5.5 Me, the tinetic energy ofthe c— particlels(in 1 MeV) + B)S4 O56 Dies successively ca-decays and sx P= 1 isotope is found to ndergoes eg cays. The result X°', Find the value of ratio B23 DM Ins sample of radiactive material he probability that a particular muckeus il Find the decay in next 2 hour is 8x10 tulflifeof the radioactive sample Tike in2 = 0,693,1n(09992)=t010! by 1545.6b a) 19284 \omic mass of its 7.016008 884 3 6 7.01693u, Mass of m8 iS ered that 0X, wide © ateratine 0. me ma Sona cree 2.4 Tworntioact Wtandenctne mater X and X, hve 1 uc thea ratio then rao of mumber ofa X Costas 11 and 3, repestve ally they have same number of hn o Anunsablesementis produced in clear rea tion at aconsnat ate RS Asintegration constants Find number efauc afer tne ata it was Zee ootfiee!)—_Dnweottse ‘Ati solton of radionetive materia tas atvity 4. The solution i hep a te nr nd td by agate at Semana ooo fcometpeconaine mec 0 0 hole the crmttacousty, Find the sett ols ia hy ath aa that he bal Me x rutivey rae nd that ee jys remains homogencousat any time + then 2 was found 10 be 13. The power radiated by a star and its mass 1% P_(m mare related by | 7” where ‘and M, are power radiated by the sun and ‘mass ofthe sun respectively. Assume that the f jetion of mass lst by the star since its birth a (, Bi +, eT, =10.65 certain mass ofradon isallowed to decay in certain container, after five minutes element with greatest and Jeast mass will respectively be A)Radon, bismuth B)Polonium, lead I he specifi act ete ig ent wooden ems AMOUR, a sat ancient items 617; FOr Cb $579 years! bet Ryatt2 years 1) 2092 year ‘bea final decay product allthe ihc uranuiom series thao orey Tr for Un" te 4se10" years Osten Deane The specific activity of h preparation Consisting of radioactive Co" and now: radioactive co" Is eaual (0,339 “isintegration per sec per gram. Thehal- Me of ¢," 0s 71.3 days. The ratio ofthe mass of radioactive cobalt in that preparation to the total mass of the reparation in percentge Bee By sore C) OABI8YAD) 979 ‘Two identical samples same material and same amount) P and Q of a radioactive Substances having mean life T are observed to have activities A,and tyne. of Ag respectively atthe time of observation. IfPisolder than Q, then thediferencein thei age i A wytin( 42) (A, (Ao) result pies ao onli} Tze) trad Aradionucldeisproducedateonstantrae ‘3S “q’ & having halflife T. Find timeafter 49," Which activity of nuclet will be, ifinitially a ‘number of nucle were zero. ‘in wt To labo ‘aln(2) BO a bel Sp ligeA a) PiNeneshaag containing shine material haying UM oy ss wa injected nga hea Me op 35 allowed 70 hog ct tY was, “I ne activity amensureg snc Ne Perea ge Sted from the OOt to the getty ‘sec! | 10.5 D) L76sa0%9g vsivestigate the Deta-detay af, soni, 8 COUDLET Was activated at iment ¢=0. TE Fepistered batt ks DY A OMEN i = 2 andy 3210! B) 29 the number of registreg particles was 2.66 tmesgratee fg vate time of the given ule Ps By see Ghiosee D) Lasee aces A dcays 10 B With decy comtan ei B decays to © itl desayesasa inayat t=O number of muse ofA tua Bare 2'N, and N, respectively. AU = N, uclei of Bis >" and nuckel of 3 jing. Find D) 4n accident in a nuclear laboratont fife 18 days ' ide the laboratory. tests revealed theradioation was 64 times MOFE TET fg Permissible level requited (OF tye ‘pcan ofthe laboratory Wath ie ‘inimum number of days 2! 2 bioratory can be considered saf@1 tag er * is beta active and has #30 28. ucts lie of 14 days » The 5 Be 26, 2. 8 particles have 80", ofthe nergy asstein he reaction eee found go ™4amount of Pin i" (0 assume that the . P* 1.97404 9 31.97204€:0.0050 931Mer day ~ 8640081 S610" ©) 34810" 4) 1.56x10 ‘Two isotopes ofradionctive Randon gs - ce re nd 82 are mixed in tome ratio 10001 and kept in a831 oy container at 10° N/m! pressure temperature, The two isotopes have half lie of 4 days and 1 minute respectively. Calculate the activity of Radon gas sample and 27°C inunitofcure. a) 4ax10'c ») s.oxt0'ci ©) 7310! @sgx10°C ‘The half lives of two longest - lived radioactive isotopes ofphosphorus and pare 14 dyasand 28 days respect _Asampleahs been prepared by mixing the foro isotopes in the rato of 4:1 of their Moms nial activity ofthe mined sample je9.0m Ci Find theactivity ofthe sample after 80 dys and ¢* =0.14 ‘Take in2=0.7 amd e* =0.14 pjoanal Oars 0Secid 09m: seutron at rest decays into three A Sire pa proton aneeetronand an al particles 2p neutrino eatenThe est masses are, =939.S6S6MeV a rrnver of radioactive nus mm, =0.5100Mer ss energy of 0.0004 MeV andthe scenery ofthe cletron moray HS Shoey Moderators wid in anlar reactor 0 slow down fas neutrons generated fer rmeutron mass ,) movingat speed y-The neutron hits @ moderator mu M) which is originally stati scattered elastically by 130! 2) Find theta of inti eneay ofthe netron after and befor eolision lous (Mass ‘and gets b) Show that whe IM>>m, ,theeutn fot lose much energy and therefore, a ‘moderator should havea small mass number, MULTI ANSWER QUESTIONS. 30, ‘Two radioactive substances have haflives ‘Tand 27. Initially they haveequal number ‘of nucle. After time t= 41, the ratio oftheir number of nucle is.xand the ratio oftheir activity sy. Then A)x= 18 B)x= 1/4 Oy=12 Dyy= U4 31, Tworadiouctivenuele A and Bareinitially the ratio 1 : 4. Also initial activ thenucleiarein the ratio 1:8. Given that, halflife ofA is2 years, choose the correct alternatives A) Halflife ofnucleiB is 1 year B)At equal C)Att=6 years, ratio of number of nuclei of Ato that ofBis2:1 1p) Fraction ofmucli decayed in one mean life for Aand Bare 4, andf, respectively, years, activities of Aand B are Att inoetivesbstance arex and iy aad. Hale ofradlonctiyg ances T. THe 8) Vac ofxy remains hale One aie ial one 1) Value of xy Becomes on a ie nucleus A (parent) decaysinto B (Daughter) with bal ifeT, and B decays into € with halflife, Graph is drawn between number of atomslactvity Versus time. Selec the correct graph(s) B)When >> Time 2 1 Ene euvien, <1, 2) /Davetter = wc x Te oe pare fu : ao Dyvheot <1, ao 2 ma INTEGER (or) NUMERICAL, ” ‘QUESTIONS, ‘ 4. Theminoftiendiotte Au” mses? thatoftheradus ofitsimermostBobrorté® nearly 16r. Find the value of x, GW R, 2x10"),aut burthaflerone ‘into B. and B decay, his drawn hs) a "athe value of m "Oks samplegf at sued in deg le rove then find thevaiyegg nets are 1620 Yearmuait ive. The time during gsi thot sample wif a ee 0.0827 eV. tebe Afcutron is 700 sec, then fraction of = ders hat ey beso a snc of 10m found tobe Rape ee Find the val the isotope PBhaving hsv undergoes f— decay to 26 has an excited state of the nucleus +|at 4.041 eV aboveitsground state fodeayso Che maximum Kinet uy ofthe particle units of ey ed from stars due to inka fasion taking place in two eels son proton cycle and corbon nitrogen vel In these cycles four hydrogen nucle ‘ombine to form helium nucleus In this ‘sion reaction in addition to enerBy BON. ‘ty number ofnutrinosare released? ‘nuclear power plant supplving dete cette era ‘125°, or the cletrieal power aval fom he plan a chat cme. Ifthe pla ‘Sleto meet the ottal power meets 0 see fora maximum period of 7 Yet Tata rp ACR STIONS; Then Besa power of 2355.10 See 42 The ecto 8 neutrinos () are nearly Ness and carry nein cme aa ntt’ AF ablet escape from the nave ben detected om the earth, The Farthsen distance is AN masses of bydrogen sim helm Raa yontren LeTD10 ie, 6 0009%10%~274g respectively alcuate the fox density Ge number of neutrinos arivingat the Earth in units of Dlg and 8) 49x10" ») sono" ©) 68x10" 76x10 Whiletraveing from thesun toto Fath some of the eletronnestrinos (J) are ‘convereted ito other types of neutrinos ) are converted into other types of neutrinos: ». The detector onthe Earth Bee vnatrcn(i at eh, ie tad aed] ocx | reg nacht bythe sin etve deen hy vaH0us ae of One ofthe mar rues a i known ratied the avp ratio. al hee i;Ny Undergo lectro patos Tying Ustally undergo both Isotopes (p> KN) are un ph dec ‘oes not Involve the Wrepresentsa change the energy ofthe nucleus changes nigh energy level ton lamer energy 25 No, ofprotons(p) 43. Tueradlobotope ofmagnesiun with atomic amnss27 undergo radioactive decay by ‘A)EleetoneaptureB) alpha decay ©) Beat decay D) Gamma ry emision 50 44, Th-230 undergeosn series of rdiouetive decay processes resulting in BL-214 being the final product, What was the sequence ofthe processes that occurred? A) 01,01, 4,758 B)a,c,c,0,) St Caa.88 D) 2.86.87 45. Which of the following represents the relative penetrating power of the three {ypesof radioactive emission in decreasing | gy order? A)B>a>7 B)p>y>a Or>a>B Dyr>B>a ” Suppose a nucleus X The emitted partite, find mat tne departs are 3 civ Ginn ia) ~4.009 Um mg cin) = 1008 U1 U8) vie? = 6 10" Kl Qhewd ofthe particle aller the deny mY) =2 boogie (oe Te atomic masses of Me™” and 4 are 98434 and 26.981 540 respectively. Mas fofelectronis 0,00055u. The y" micleushas nrgy of 1.015MeV Find the Q value ofthe 2- decay 2)20922MeV by L.0525Me nsMeV 4) 1925MeV. ‘Whats maximum possible kineicenery ofemited 9 partici? 2)20775MeV 8) LOTTSMeW ©)307MeV——_@)0775MeV Fin the smallest wavelenght photon hat sit when it de-excites 1b) 0.0384 ©) 0.0286 40 4) 00122 4" As an alternative to gamma decay tht exicited 4/" nuclus returns to its ground ‘state by giving up its exeitation energy! an atomic electron which has a bind | % Ave toe A) B)rthe decay 1 —decayts Ds nucleus x D)7.8 | AP are vely. Mass ucleus has y MeV eV jc energy feV. eV ton that wenrahe emitted electro, A eV 3.013 Mey 4013Mey oni wth deen cont duced in 8 nuclear regen roel per second, Where g, rear scion of radionuclide starts, soit ts atime ‘th differential equation correctly Seats the above Process? ty or t=2N pyal an IN=ayt Bates o Dy Ge tat AN insantancous power deyelopedat time 4! jiethe decay of the radionuclidety oe ‘verage power developed in time due lndeey of the radionuctideis: "erdanuside ys beng PONS Aestron. Hea hn bao ne these mn reaction = cae Bote Arig soars seMK tine the acy of 00 sein nes HARES topes 4, The that produces mt equal to 1336-10" 2: Avagarde number 6 a ingrid eon darn he Constant, nunber af jn nuc present Inthe argetisequalto AV sxio" B20.10 nano" Di s.10 48, After alongtine bombardment, number Of Syjqnuclel present In the target ‘epend upon ye mer of gq uct the sat ofthe procs Hac ofhe fy 8) The content rac of reduction BAO aso ances Only (andi ae comet Honky an a) recomet Dyonly anda ae comet agraph-? par gnium 22 Uisan unstable nucleus 1k ium 27h which decays Thorium 2 Sa ay ablemucews which further day foil Let 3HU becalled as Aof decay stant 2and ZiThis called as B of Ee as C. Here Ais called Eee pani le ceof distintegeation of Rate of formation of nuclei Cis equal to @fA whereas nucle Band Care absent in {hesampie Answer the following questions Number ofnuck of i ntany tenet 60, Number of mucleiofnuclei Cat ime tis [ A) Nit L 61. ‘The graph between N,,N, and N, with time ean be best represent by tive particular nvcki-1t name then, cious Aad B have not decayed yey ticular observation period of 6, that All decay What isthe probabil vera further period of? 3 yi of of D5 a 5 F willsurviveover a farther period of 3, ab 95 95 a Paragraphe9 A radioactive nucleus A decay t0 € after emitting to a and three f° particles, Another nucleus B decays to Cy emitting one cz and five P particles. Halflife ofA snd B are thr and 2h respectiely and al intermediates have negligible half lives 0; population of A and B are 4N, and NY, respectively and population of Cis zero 54 Findthe difference in tom ‘mass numbers ofA and B PY ey 55 Find thepopulation of € when both Aand Bhaveequal population ‘numbers and oN, 66 Find time , when both Aand Bhaye equal rate of decay a)2hr Bahr Paragraph-10) A radioactive sample consists of twoisotopes one of them decays by a- ‘emission with a halflife of r, the other one decays by et hr) Shr hall life of + =16205 at time 1=0, probabilities ofgetting a and particles from the ple are equal 4 Them to 20 subst and B srad 1 Aro thatcc has hal if op let's name thea - nat decayed ove that Awl decay 1 ot 3 D5 + period of 34,2 1 1 ; oe 2 = lecay to C after ce particles, (9Cy emitting s. Half feof pectiely and all ble half lives of Aand Bare nd population, cnumbers and 4)10 en both Aand. 9 gl Bhaveequal ) Shr onsists of cays by a~ 405s and rssion with oul O hee = 16205 Whati the re time when total ny (a eat nce ‘quantity 0 then 999" 074 ¥) 1026360 4) 1465s. 0: 10g,.5.9 er Nactive elements A and B a tina mixture. Both arbety setve cons ofAand Bare 30 minute andy ot ly. The initial activity secre Wa measUres (0 be 4Ddeeay end and after an hour only hey ervalof2 4, assume that law of radioactivity sis obeyed : onic otra {athat of Bin the mixture in emule 1g. The mixtu ance (non radioaetive) apart from § what fraction ofthe entire mixture ‘agastive (fraction by weight) itis fio vhat mass of the mixture fs Tg ») 48x10" @) 28x10" sk smaple has radioactive isotope § adecays into a stable Product B-Ball HotAis o° year: [twas found thatthe ned n, motes of and “sample conta “oles of B, After how much time! ~ Mass Paragraph-14 ‘A deuterium reaetion that occurs in an experimental fusion reator isin two stages; ‘Two deuterium (,D*)nuclei fuse together to forma tritium nucleus with a proton as ”. 0. Paragraph a1 83. PY rode yacleus [uses With anothg, ve, aueleus il (an) Gi 7 H py, =2.014102am0 916049 amu, He! = 4.002603, = 1.00282Samu,¢! = 1.00665amu Tarai encragy released in of the two wya03 MeV 3B) 1758MeV Qioat Mev —_D)2.61 MeV The energy released in the combined ion per deuterium is DiaaMey 3) 586 MeV Cyaa7 MeV D)7.21 Mev Plecemtage of mas of nial deute that ieretesed a energy i aos Bo D0. A nucleus kept at rest in free space, brakes up into smaller nucll of mastes ‘mand “2m. Total energy generate in this fission is. The bigger part is radioactive, emits five gamma ray photons in the direction opposite tots Yelocity and finally comes torest, [Given =6.610 Jsym=Lel0™ Key B=3.63x10"%me"sC= 3x10" m/s) Fractional loss of mass in the fission is A) 121x109) B)as6x10% 173.0% D)3.s210 Velocity ofsmall daughter nucleus is A) 5.6x10'mi/s B)6.6.10'm/s O71 6x10 mis D)8.6x10°m/s MATRIX MATCHING QUESTIONS. Match the folowing table COLUMN-1 A)Stabilty ofmicleus B) Densityofnuckens ©) mas defer ) Dimensionless parameter COLUMN ) Depends on mass number 4) Packing fraction *) binding energy per nucleon, 8) Independent of mass number1.61 Mey 1 Mel n deuterium thay clei of masses. generated in part is ma ray posite to p10" Kgs més) ¢ fission is 6x10" 210% <10 m/s <10* m/s NG Hn jsion fone 6 gy et = onof Wo & aoe 5 enisionoTTW0 Gani) iN W be will deren aor ase by3 amb Wil easy snammpenetrating power i 0, ‘x? nuclei of a yactive Since emit'y"mucl per second, vs Catan with Colt CoLUMN-1 ie ater time f DNinber oFnuch COLUMN ath convert Into a 3 Nicleus 4 converts into € after particles and three Parts verts into C after emits cle Shayacet Cras eet Contiye Tytler sonic otha Baten Gitte, . SAS ater ki ten Aecsaimisaiancc=" cout Be 4 an 33 Maas Tana rece proce J Dare it ater rs Ta Cte agentes es cng Plates eatiee Maca ese fein igiaieat tarps couna nh evn be count Stopomnourafiie dye peeiresontoone Qismoty mares Dy eas (reebence=) CONN eda uranium SL fused on Rat auc by ' By opined Bypass aoe ee Ce Me oacpveet incomes given by the reaction Mass = thermal seutro® Kredtnt3) 36)9 42)A 48)D 54)C 60)A 66)C 72)B 78)A EXE! 8A 14)C 20)C 26)C 37)4 43)C 49) A 55)A 61)B 67)A 7B)A 79)C 3)A A 15)A 21)A 2A 2) ABD 38)9 44)B 50)B 56)B 62)C 68)A TA)A 80)D 4)B 10)B 16)A 22)C 28)A RCISE-IV - KEY 5)D 11)A 1B 23)D 29)B 33)AD 34)6 39)2 45)D s)D 57D 63)D 69)C 75)D 8A 40)3 46)C 52)C 58)C 64) T0)A 76)A 82)B OA 12)B 18)C 24)C 30)BC 35)8 41)B 47B 53)C 59)C 65)B 7B TNC 83)A>p,q,r B>s,C>p,q,r D>q 84)A—(s), B(p,r), C>(s), D> (q,r) 85)A (qx), Bp), C>(s), D>) 86)A +(s), B(p), C(t), D(s) 87)A-+q, Bq, Cor, Dp 88)A> qs B>qt,s C>q,18,D>. EXERCISE - IV - HINTS 1. momentum ofaphoton, P= e | > ¢ , tH ml tb! | &| &