ALCORCON ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER Cebu Main: 4° floor Coast Pacific Downtown Center, Sanciangko St, Cebu City Tol #(032) 254.33-84 Manila: 3" floor JPD Bldg, 1955, C M Recto Comer N. Reyes St, Sampaloc, Manila Tel # (02) 736-4438 DAY 18 - MATHEMATICS SAMPLE PROBLEMS PRESSURE VESSEL PROBLEM 1 Find the thickness of a metal needed in the semi-spherical end of cylindrical vessel 0.70 meter in diameter subjected to.an internal pressure of 2.7 Nim?. The material is mild carbon steel and tensile stress is 69 Nim. A62mm 8. 602mm C. 753mm D. 684mm PEN Using spherical vessel formula for thin wall: ‘Two semi-spherical ends is considered as sphere. 2.7 Nimm? = 2.7 Mpa = 2700 Kpa 69Mpa = 69,000 Kpa s= PD a 69,000 = (2700)(0.7) 4) t= 0.00685 mm = 685m PROBLEM 2 ‘Accylindrical tank with 10 inches inside diameter contains oxygen gas at 2500 psi. Calculate the required wall thickness. in milimeter under stress of 28000 psi ‘A 1056 8.11.34 ©. 1026 D. 12.44 For cylindrical pressurized tank: gs = PD 2t 28,000 = 2500(10) 2t t= 0.446 in (25.4) = 11.34 mm PROBLEM 3 Determine the bursting pressure of stoel with diameter of 10 inches and make of 1/4 in thick plate, The joint efficiency is at 70% and the tensile strength is 60 ks ‘A 4020 psi B. 4,002 psi C. 2,400psi_—D. 4,200 psi Using phocal vss oma for tin wa Considering the efficiency, Paget Contos ar ot alowed be ootP(10) 60,000 = __P(10)__ 4(174)(0.70) P = 4200 psi PROBLEM 4 Determine the safe wall thickness of a 30 inches steel with internal pressure of 7.82 Mpa. The yeild stress of material iat 275.48 Mpa, The factor of safaty to use is 2.0 ‘A alain B.2340m —C. 216mm _D. Si8in Using thin-wall formula: PD, ss 2 Sy. PD: a" 275.48 _ 7.82(30) 2 2 t= 0.8816in = 21.6mm PROBLEM 5 Determine the bursting steam pressure ofa steel shell with diameter of 19 inches and made of 1/4 inch thick steel plat, The joint efficiency is at 70% and the tensie strength is 60 ksi A 4200psi—B. 105ksi —C. A2.Bksi_ 8500 psi ‘Stoel shell usually spherical: Considering the efficiency, S an 60,000 = __P(10)__ 4(0.25)(0.70) P = 4200 psi PROBLEM 6 CCompuie the safe wall thickness of a 76.2 em diameter steel tank. The tank is subjected to 7.33 Mpa pressure and the steel material has yield stress of 215.4 Mpa. The factor of safety to use is 3. A112 in B.389cem CG. 4.09em 0. 3690m Usually steel tank is cylindrical, ae . Sy PO) c Fs at 2154 _7.39(762) 3 at — + 369.0n Fem > This fle Ison for viewing Page? Contnts arent slowed 0 bo ected 1X >IPROBLEM 7 Determine the thickness of a steel ar receiver with 30 inches diameter and pressure load of 120 psi, design stress of 8000 pst. ‘A 1i4in B. 5/8 in ©. ain D. 1/219 For cylindrical tank (Eis 2 8000 = 120(80) 2 t= 0.226. ‘Therefore: Use 1/4” standard thickness (Kent's p. 6-03) PROBLEM 8. ‘A compression ring is to be used at the junction of a conical head and shell. Determine the required area of the Compression ring if the pressure is 50 psi and the stress is 13,750 psi. Assume an efficiency of the joint is 80%. s 13,750 = S00 2(0.80) t= 0.00227 D, Do = D+ 2t Ds = D, + 2(0.00227 D) D, = 1.00454 D, Area Area -wé {(1.00454 D? - D?] 0.00715 Din? PROBLEM 9 A oylindrical tank with 10” inside diameter contains oxygen gas at 2500 psi. Calculate the required wall thickness in (nm) under stress of 28,000 psi A t14émm B. 106mm 6. 11.34mm —D. 10.3mm t PO: P= 2500; z 28,000 = ean eee a ee Corton rot alowed bootPROBLEM 10 Determine the internal pressure of a cylindrical tank 500 mm internal diameter, 20 mm thick and 3 m long if stress is limited to 140 Mpa, 1OSinpa 8. 1052Mpa. 1.20Mpm 1268 Mpa Using thin wall cylinder formula: s- 2 140,000 = P(0.50) 20.02) 14,200 Kpa = 11.20 Mpa Pp PROBLEM 11 ‘Awater tank 10 m x 12 m/s completely filed with water. Determine the minimum thickness of the plate if stress is limited to 50 Mpa. MF em 8. 1288Rm —C. 1385mm —_D. 1244 mm ‘Solving for maximum pressure located at the bottom of the tank. For cylindrical pressure vessel Pew 9.81(12) = 117.72 Kpa = PO x 50000 = 117-72{10) 2 t= 0011772m = 11.77 mm PROBLEM 12 The cylinder ofa hydraulic press is made up of tick walled cylinder having an inside diameter of 300 mm. Itis subjected to.an internal pressure of 40 Mpa. Determine the thickness ofthe cylinder without exceeding a shearing stress of 60 Mpa. A. 6213mm —B. 58.61mm ©, 48.92mm —_D. 72.40mm Using thick wall formula: (Lame's Equation) affet ; oso te 1. = 0.300 [80,000%40,000 _ = 2 |.80,000-40,000 ‘Somme 4 t= 0.10980™m = 109.80 mm Page Corton rot alowed be ootPROBLEM 13 ‘A oytinder having an internal diameter of 16 in and external diameter of 26 inches is subjected to 1500 psi external pressure and internal pressure of 9,000 psi. Determine the hoop stress on outer surface of cylinder. ‘A. 8,742.65 psi B. 7,642.85 psi C. 9,400.62 psi D. 9,471.43 psi n= 162 = Bin fo = 26/2 = 13in 2Piq? —Polta” +17) 7 a Sp = 2190008)? ~1500(13? +82) 137-8? Se = 7642.85 psi PROBLEM 14 A oylindrical tank has a mean diameter of 40 cm and thickness of 10 om. Itis subjected to an external pressure of 140 kglom? and maximum internal. tangential stress is 900 kg/om®. Determine the maximum internal tangential stress is {900 kg/cm. Determine the maximum intemal pressure of the tank, ‘A 2ae7 5 kg? ©. 1246 5 gle B. 3426.5 kg/cm? D. 1942.6 kgiom? n= 40- (102) aH f= 40# (102) = 45cm tn = Pile? nf) are = so Siz 140 a FE sii g = 20045? +35%)—2(140)(45)? See ttt Ss = 2947.5 holon? — SPRING PROBLEM 1 ‘A body weighing 1000 Is fal from a height of 6 in and stikes a 2000 tin sping. The deformation ofthe spring © A2 B84 3 D5 Using the formula of impact load on spring: F = 2000 Ibn (y) = 2000 y lbs 1000 (6 +y) = {2260 6+ ei By factoring: y-3)(y+2) =0 y=3in; y =-2in (neglected) Therefore: y = 3 in This fle Ison for viewing Pages Contnts arent slowed 0 bo editedPROBLEM 2 ‘Compute the deflection of an 18 cols helical spring having a load of 100 kg. The modulus of elasticity in shear of spring {is 96.62 Gpa, OD of 9.256 cm and with wire diameter of 9.525 mm. The spring is squared and ground ends. A Som B. 101m C. tom D. 14cm ‘Solving for coll mean dlameter Dn = Do-d Dm = 9.256 - 0.9525 = 8.3035em c= Dm = 8.3035 = 9747 ¢ 0.9525 For square and ground ends ‘Actual No.of col Where: n=no. of active coils te=ns2 n= 160i Solving forthe deflection: aFC?n _ 8(100x0.00981)8.717)°(16) Gd 96.62x10°(0.009525) y = 0.09037 m = 9.037 em +2 y PROBLEM 3 Compute the maximum deflection of a 20 cols helical spring having a load of 75 kgs. The spring is a square/ground tends with modulus of elasticity in shear of 79.84 Gpa, outside diameter of 101.6 mm, wire diameter of 9.525 mm. A407mm — B.1127mm —C. 18.17mm —D. 128.7 mm 92.075 mm For square and ground ends: ‘Actual no. of active coils = n+ 2 2=n+2 n= 18 coils (active) 7. a2 am c= One 82075 « 967 3505 ‘Solving for the deflection: BECPn 8(75x0.00981K9.67)°(18) ~ 9.49597 m = 125.97 mm Gd "79.84x10° (0.009525) Pages Contents rot alowed be ootPROBLEM 4 A three extension coll springs are hooked in series that support a single weight of 100 kg. The first spring is rated at (0.400 kg/m and the other 2 lower springs is rated at 0.64 kgimm. Compute the total deflection, Ce ee eT a on re For series connected epg Fer tese 100k = ey oe ‘ coos y Ks = 0.64 kgimm y 4 , ff ae % 100 100 100 y= 20,100 10 5905 om ‘Ahiigh alloy spring having squared and ground ends and has total of 16 coils and modulus of elasticity in shear of 85 Gpa. Compute the Wal factor. The spring outside diameter is 9.66 cm wire diameter is 0.65 cm. ‘A 1.058 B. 1.185, ©. 1.10 D. 12 ‘Solving for spring index: 4-1, 0.615, aa" Whaal Factor = 4(13.86)-1 , 0.65 = 4.493 4(13.86)-4 * 73.86 Whaal Facor = PROBLEM 6 ‘Acoll spring with 5 cm outside diameter is required to work under the load of 190 N. The wire diameter is 5 mm, the spring is to have 6 active coils and the ends are to be closed and ground. Determine the total number of cols. The ‘modulus of rigidity is 80 Gpa and the mean radius isto be 23 mm, with 7 mm pitch of the spring A65coils B.85cols 6. 75ois D. 95coils For squre an ground ends Total no. of colls = n+2 = 6+2 = Bcollsor8.5 calls PROBLEM 7 A helical spring having square and ground ends a total of 18 coils and its material has modulus of elasticity in shear of 78.910 Gpa. Ihe spring has an outside diameter of 10.42 cm and wire diameter of 0.625 cm, compute the maximum deflection that can be produced in the spring due to load of 50 kgs. ‘A302mm 0. 480mm B. 342mm =D. 322mm This fle Ison for viewing Page? Contnts arent slowed obo ectedFor square and ground ends: ‘Actual no. of cols =n + 2 +2 18-2 = 16 active cols i 86C%n ' Ga “nae” | y = 960 x0.00961)(15.672)°(16) (78.91x10 0.00625) y = 040m = 450mm PROBLEM Remorsion ol srn st bo longa Sn unde fad of 01. What sho srng ate? See ee eas ese ona °°: So enue Spring Rate = F/y ‘Spring Rate = 505 = 10 Ib/min PROBLEMS AA spring has a rate of 50 Ib with a spring index of 8. if stress induced is 90,000 psi, determine the wire diameter. A005 in 8, 0.828inC. 0452in—D. 0.1157 in SIE ‘Solving for K: 4C-1 0.615 _ (8-4 0615 aca CS 48)-4 8 1184 Did Ded bd Using stress formula: = ED oe ‘90,000 = 8{1-184)60)84) af 6 = 01187 in PROBLEM 10 Determine the maximum shearing stress of a helical spring composed of 20 turns of 20 mm diameter wire on a mean radius of 80 mm when the spring is supporting a load of 2 KN. G = 83,000 Gpa ‘A 108.20Mpa B. 98.62Mpa C. 120.60 Mpa D. 88.68 Mpa ee Corton rot alowed be oot8KFDm S= xd © = Dyfd = (860x220 = 8 k= ACH1, 0815 kK g = 8(1.184)(2)(0.08%2) ‘x(0.02)° S = 120,603 Kpa = 120.603 Mpa PROBLEM 11 A helical spring is made by wrapping steel wire 20 mm diameter around a forming cyiinder 160 mm in diameter. ‘Compute the elongation ofthe spring without exceeding a shearing stress of 140 Mpa If itis composed of 18 tums. Let = 83,000 Mpa A. 9642mm —B. 100.6mm ©, 121.36 mm. 88.62mm « => Kk = MB5)-1,, 0618 <4 479 4(8.5)-4 "85 KF, s nm ae 140,000 = 8(1.172F)(0.170) ‘x(0.02)° 2.207 KN BFC%n _ 8(2.207)(8.5)° (18) Gd (83,000,000) (0.02) 17.87 mm SPUR GEAR PROBLEM 1 ‘Compute the tooth thickness of 14 1/2 deg. spur gear with dlameter pitch of . ‘A0.34116in B.0.31146in C. 0.41416in D. 0.31461 in Tooth thickness = 1.5708 oP Tooth thickness = 15708 5 Tooth thickness = 0.31416 in This fle Ison for viewing Page Contnts arent slowed obo editedPROBLEM 2 ‘A 36 tooth pinion wit a turning speed of 300 rpm drives 120 tooth gear of 14 1/2 degrees involute full depth pressure angle. What would be the speed of the driven gear. SE ire Siam DL 14lgm cesta tte Tat = Tete 2e(o00) = v2 ita ‘Atripe thread worm has a pitch diameter of 3 inches. The whee! has 25 teeth and a pitch diameter of 5 inches. Material for both the worm and the whee! is of phosphor bronze. Compute the helix angle (tan a). ‘A020 8. 0.30 ©. 040 D. 14 Pe = cher pich pe = 22 = x5) = 06283 in Tuae28: Lead = 3P (for tiple thread) Lead = 3x 0.6283 = 1.8849 in tana = helix angle tana = L = 18849 - 9.29 (3) PROBLEM 4 Find the tooth thickness on the tooth circle of a 20 degree full depth involute tooth having a diametral pitch of 3, Circular pitch of 1.0472 and whole depth of tooth at 0.60. Alo7mm B. 132mm —C. 10.1mm —D. 7.9mm Using the table of gear tooth proportions: Tooth thickness = 1.5708 OP, 1.5708 Tooth thickness = 3 Tooth thickness = 0.5236 in = 13.29 mm PROBLEM 5 ‘Appair of gearipinion of 42 tooth and 18 tooth with a diametral pitch of 0.7874 teeth/cm and the addendum is 0.80/p and the addendum 1/p. The gear pressure angle is 20°, Compute the center distance of the pair of gears in meters. A05026m — B.0.3426m — C.03516m — D. 0.4013m For gears turning in opposite direction: Ty+Tp 2(0P) T = no. of teeth = 42418 0.7879) = 38.10m = 0.38 m This fe Ison or viewing Page 10 Contnts arent slowed 0 bo editedPROBLEM 6 A helical gear having a 14 1/2° normal pressure angle and transverse diametral pitch of 2.3622 per om. The helix angle is at 45° and has 8 teeth. Compute the transverse pressure angle in degrees. A 222° 8. 18.9° ©. 193° D. 20.1° From Vallance, p. 282 tan tanta 5° 0 = 20.1" PROBLEM 7. ‘Two idlers of 28T and 26T are introduced between the 24T pinion with a turning speed of 400 rpm driving a final 96T gear. What would be the final speed of the driven gear and its direction relative tothe driving gear rotation? 1. dm an oppste deacon 8 om and same docten © Weotpmard cppste dreion _B, 10dupmeand some dcelon = 00 rem (Neo eM a ae oe Since ey or tangent toch ater, then Tis = TN = Tals = TG zt oat fer Ow TaN = TaN 24400) = 96(N4) Ns = 100 pm (opposite irection) PROBLEM 8 ‘A spur pinion rotates at 1800 rpm and transmits to a mating gear 30 HP. The pitch diameter is 4” and the pressure angle is 14 1/2. Determine the tangential loadin Ibs. aneme 2e, anOen ee bas P = 2nTN a Soya) = arity Ts 10508 tvs Solving for tangential force: Force = Tir ain Force = 1050.4/2 Force = 525 Ibs PROBLEM ‘Compute the pitch angle of a bevel gear given the pinion’s number of teeth of 14 and 42 teeth on the gear. A 184° B. 33.4" ©. 284° D. 384° From Machinery's Handbook p 844 1 Pitch Angle = tant Te nah t Pitch angle = tan 14/42 = 18.4° This fe Ison or viewing Page 12 Contnts arent slowed obo ectedPROBLEM 10 ‘Comput for the tooth thickness of 14 1/2° spur gear with diametral pitch = 6, 03979 iB. 00341 3.1831. 0.31416 Using the table of gear tooth proportions: Tooth thickness 1.8708/0P Tooth thickness = 1.5708/5 Tooth thickness = 0.31416" PROBLEM 11 Compute the circular pitch ofa pair of gears having a ratio of 4 and a center distance of 10.23. Each gear has 72 teeth ‘and pinion has 18 teeth ‘0.8095 == B. 0.8035 =. 0.7825. 0.8085 rh lezen De = 4D, For gears turing in opposite direction: c= Dts p= "De * a4.092y18 T Pe = 0.7854 in PROBLEM 12 ‘The tooth thickness of a gears 05 inch and its cular pitch is 1.0 inch, Calculate the dedendum ofthe gear. R031 8.03079 C1250 OD. ONtt4 Using the relation of ciametral pitch and circular pitch: Pe (OP P= Pe OP = nit DP =n Dedendum = 1.25/0P Dedendum = 1.25/e Dedendum = 0.3979" PROBLEM 13 An internal gear is set up with a Sin diameter pinion and center distance of 18 inches. Find the diameter of the Internal gear. A 36" ©. 26 8 215" Dar" oI only for viewing. Page 12 Contnts arent slowed obo editedFor internal gear: c= D2-Ds De = PROBLEM 14 The minimum whole depth of spur gear of 14-1/2 deg. invalute type with diameter pitch of 24 and circular pitch of 0.1308: ‘A 0.09000 ©. 0.08987 B. 0.08900 —. 0.08975 LUTION From Vallance p 262, Table 11-1 n= 2487 PROBLEM 15 The minimum clearance allowed for meshing spur gears with a circular pitch of 0.1571 and diametral pitch of 20. The spur gear have 25 teeth. ‘A. 0.007855 ©, 0.008578 8, 0.007558 _D. 0.007585 Fem gor tooth proportions ab Cloaranco = 21571 > Clearance = 9-1571 goo7ass 2 PROBLEM 16 Find the distance between centers of a pair of gears, one of which has 12 teeth and the other 37 teeth. The diametral pitch is 7, ‘A 30in 8. 35in ©. 40in D. 45in For gear tuming in opposite direction: aT oT Solving for centr distance: es Gz 1713+5:2057 - 4 5q 2 This fe Ison or viewing Page 13 Contnts arent slowed 0 bo editedPROBLEM 17 Determine the pitch diameter of a gear with 28 teeth, 4 diametrat pitch ATin B.8in ©. 9in D. 10in p= T/0 b= 10 D = 204 = 7in PROBLEM 18 Reais uo to Vansmt 20k at 600 rm toa tvon gor. Tho prion has apc lamar of 200 mn. M rosie angle is 14.5 degrees, find the load that tends to separate the two gears. A0234KN B.0534KNC. O.763KN — D. 0.823KN 20 = 2n T (600/60) Pastas iN dais 6 (02%) Pore sy TPN "200 mm PROBLEM 19 The pressure angle of the 12 in diameter gear is 20 degrees. The total oad of the gear is 5 KN and is tuming at 750 rpm. Find the power delivered by the gear. A4323KNB.6423KN | C. 56.23KN D. 34.23KN EE cose = i 5KN Fi fa cos 20 = fi c 7 750 yaw J aN 4.698 KN Fi Te Fixe += 4008 (2) 3089.57)) T= o7189 Tain P = 2x TN = 2x (0.7159) (750/60) = 56.23 kw This fle Ison or viewing Page 14 Contnts arent slowed obo ectedPROBLEM 20 Three gears meshing each other has a driving power of 30 kw with 900 rpm. ‘The speed ratio is 1:3:6 and each ‘meshing gear has an efficiency of 96%. Find the torque developed ofthe driven gear, KN.m, A440 B. 7.60 ©. 560 D. 820 Po = power output of driven gear Ps = 90(0.96) (0.96) = 27.648 kw Ne = speedot driven gear 200 = 200 2 60pm 36 torque output DetN Breas = 2 T0160) Fe taowem This fle Ison for viewing Page 15 Contnts arent slowed obo edited