APPENDIX— REAGENTs ys P FOR Qua us sulphate, ma or turnings), zi Solids : Borax powder, ferro ATATIVE ANALYSIS solium nitrite, copper foil (pieces nganese dioxide, lead dioxide, ne (foil or pieces) and fusion » Sodium carbonate (anhydrous), mixture, solutions of acids as well as of all Teagents to be in slnder fr taking the concentrated yids and Rowen rei il hel weighing the solids. Name Specific Gravity Approximate Normalit * ty No. | Percent by weight | Percent by weight | (Approximate) (1) | HCI (Cone,) 119 38.0 12N (2) | HNO, Cone.) 1-42 70.0 16 (3) | H,S0, Cone.) L84 96.0 36N (4) 1,COOH (Cone.) 1.05 99:5 IN | (Glacial) | (8) | Liquor NH, 0.83 ese { 18N | 28.0 lan g ieee | Normality +e One Oy (Apaeaxtntatey Add 183 ml. of Tebialsceic acid to water. 2N Stir thoroughly (o make the volume I liter. (2) | Ammonium acetate Dissolve 154 g. of crystallised salt in 1 liter 2N ‘of water, OR (CRCOCNY Mix 500 ml. of 4N acetic acid with an equal volume of 4N ammonium hydroxide. i issolve 80 g. of freshly powdered ammonium 2N (8) | Ammonium carbonate Diseirs2 asec coscnint (NH),CO,) ammonia (sp. gr. 0-88) and Zon of water. i is id wer and. 2N i i Gp) Dissolve 108 g. of Saud sale in wa (4) | Ammoniumehloride (NH,CD] Dissolve IT & si (Contd.)PRACTICALS IN CHEMISTRY XII (5) | Ammonium hydroxide 112 ml. of liquor ammonia is diluted to | liter 2N solution (NH,OH) with water. (6) | Ammonium molybdate Dissolve 90 g. of the solid in 100 ml. of 6 IN {(NH,),MoO,] ammonia, add 240 g. of solid NH,NO, and 4 make the volume to one liter. (7) | Ammonium oxalate Dissolve 35 g. of crystalline solid in a 1 liter O-5N {(NH)),C,0,. 1,0} of water. (8) | Ammonium sulphate Dissolve 132 g. of the solid in 1 liter of 2N ((NH),SO,) water. (9) | Ammonium sulphide Pass H,S through 200 ml. of liquor ammonia ON (colourless) ((NH,),S) placed in a bottle cooled with running water until no more gas is absorbed. Then add 200 mi. more of the sameliquorammonia. Dilute the solution to 1 liter with water. (10) | Ammonium sulphide Asin the case of colourless (NH,),S, saturate | 6N (yellow) [(NH,),S} 200 ml. of liquor ammonia with H,S gas. keeping the solution cooled with running water. Next add 10 g. of flowers of sulphur and 200 ml. more of liquor ammonia. Shake to dissolve all the sulphur and dilute with water to | liter. (11) | Ammonium thiocyanate _| Dissolve 38 g. of the substance in one liter of | O5N (NH,SCN) water. (12) | Barium chloride Dissolve 122 g. of solid salt in 1 liter of! IN (BaCl,, 2H,0) water, (13) | Barium nitrate [Ba(NO,),] | Dissolve 56-5 g. of the salt in I liter of| O5N water. (14) | Bromine water (Br,) Add about 12 ml. of liquid bromine to 100| 1 liter of the satu-| ml. of water in a stoppered bottle and shake| rated solution of, thoroughly after replacing the stopper. A little| bromine contains| | bromine is left over undissolved at the| 32-68 g.of Br, at bottom. 20°C. (15) | Calcium chloride Dissolve 55 g. in one liter of water. . ane of wat 0-5N (16) foe ea A saturated solution with 1 liter of water is| It contains 2-6 g. Prepared at room temperature by vigorously shaking about 5 g. of the solid with a liter of ‘water in a Winchester bottle. Chlorine generated by dropping cone. HCI] 1 ti : upon KMnO, crystals taken in a filtering’ snes con-| flask is passed into water till the solution is| tains 6-5 g. of) of the solid salt. (17) | Chlorine water (Cl)APPENDICES Dissolve 44 g. of the crystalline salt in water and make | liter, 3 (19) | Copper suiphate Dissolve 125 g. of powdered crystalline salt| (CuSO, 5H,0) in 1 liter of water containing 25 mi. of dilute H,SO,. (20) | Dimethyl glyoxime Dissolve 1 g. in 100 mi. of ethyl alcohol or \% (CH)),C, (NOH), rectified spi (21) | Disodiumhyarogenphosphate | Dissolve 120 g, of the solid salt in 1 Her of| IN (Na,HPO) water. (22) | Fehling solution-A Dissolve 34-7 g. of CuSO,5H,O in 500 ml. of - Water containing a few drops of dilute H,SO,. (23) | Febling solution-B Dissolve 60 g. of NaOH and 173 g. of — Rochelle’s salt (Na-K-tartarate) in 500 ml of Water. Filter if necessary. (24) | Ferric chloride (FeC1,,6H,0) | Dissolve 90 g. of the solid salt in 1 liter of IN ‘a water containing 20 mi of cone. HCI (25) | Ferrous ‘sulphate Dissolve 140 g. of the crystalline salt in 0-5N’ (FeSO, 7H,0) iter of water containing 7 ml. conc. H,SO, | (26) | H,S water Pass H,S gas in distilled water till it becomes| Saturated solution | saturated, | 27) | Hydrochloric acid HCI) | Add about 167 ml, of concentrated acid to 2N | distilled water and stir thoroughly to make the | volume 1 liter. | (28) | Todine sotution Gp Dissolve 12-7 g. of solid iodine in a solution ON | containing 20 g. of pure KT in 30 ml. of water | and dilute the solution so obtained to 1 liter with water. (29) | Lead acetate Dissolve 190 g. of the solid salt in 1 liter of 1N | [Pb(CH,COO),, 34,0} water containing 10 ml. of glacial acetic acid. G0) | Lead nitrate Pb(NO,), Dissolve 90 g. in one liter of water. 0-5 G1) | Lime water {Ca(OE,] Dissolve 2-24 g. CaO in 1 liter distilled water oan 1 and filter. | (32) | Litmus solution (blue) Dissolve 10 g. of the litmus powder in 1 liter 1% of water, (33) | Magnesia mixture 101-5 g. MgCl, 6H,0 and 100 g. of NH,CI| IN with regard to (MgCl, 6H,0 + NH,CI +| in water,thenadd 50m, of liquor ammonia| MgCl, ‘NH,OH) (sp. gr. 0-88) and next dilute the solution to is 1 iter. 4) | Mercurie chioride (HgCl,) Dissolve 27 g. of the salt in 1 liter of water. 0-2N “ PRACTICALS IN CHEMISTRY-XIt 1 (ContdAPPENDICES us Name and Formula, ‘of Normality | NossL See en ee aes 3 | Approx (2) | Sodium nitroprusside Dissolve 20 g. of the substance in water and Na,(Fe(CN),NO} 2H,0 dilate it (0 1 Hite, Pass SO, gas in d stilled water till it becomes | Saturated solution (64) | Stannous chloride Dissolve 115 g. of the salt in 170 ml. of IN | | cnc1,24,0) cone. HCI, dilute 10 1 titer and keep it in a bottles contai 1 a strip of pure |(58) | Starch sotation Make a thin paste with about 1 g, of soluble = | starch and a little cold water and then add this Paste with stirring to 100 ml, of boiling ‘water. Next heat the mixture just to boiling. | Cool the solution and preserve it in a boite (56) | Sulphuric acid (H,S0,) Add about 55 ml. of concentrated acid slowly 2N to 500 mlof distilled water with stirring, cool to room temperature and then add more distilled water to make. | liter. Take 5 g. AgNO,. Add NaOH solution till - pt. appears. Dissolve the ppt. by adding minimum aa quantity of NH,OH, APPENDIX—2 METHOD OF PREPARATION OF SOME FRESH REAGENTS ‘The following reagents should be prepared only when they are required. (87) | Tollen’s reagent \ Ne: Reagents Method of preparation | G) | 1% Diphenyl amine ‘Take 50 ml, of (100%) conc. H,SO, in a dry beaker. Dissolve 0:5 g. | [Indicator] of diphenyl amine in it. The resulting solution must be colourless. Take 5 ml. of solution AgNO,. Add NaOH solution till ppt. appears. Dissolve the ppt. by adding minimum quantity of NH,OH. (2) | Tollen’s reagent (Ammoniacal Silver nitrate) (3) | Phosphoric acid ‘Mix 68 ml. of phosphoric acid (85%), 72 ml of conc, H,SO, and (For Volumetric analysis) (4) | Nesster’s reagent ‘Add drop by drop KI solution to HgCl, solution till first yellow, then scarlet red ppt. of Hgl, is just redissolved forming K,Hgl,. Add to this clear solution about double the quantity of NaOH solution and shake. This clear alkaline solution is called Nessler’s reagent. (5) | Sodium cobalti nitrite. Take solid NaNO, about 1-2 g. Add to it a few drops of Co(NO,), solution and a few drops of acetic acid, (6) | Neutral FeCl, ‘Add drop by drop a solution of NH,OH to 2-3 ml. FeCl, solution, {ill a little ppt. remains insoluble. Boil off excess of NH,. Use this solution as neutral FeCl, solution, (7) | HS water Pass H,S gas in distilled water till it becomes saturated,