Criminal Jurisprudence and Procedure

The Board of Examiners for Criminologists in the Philippines is created for the
purpose of regulating the practice of Criminology. It has the power to issue, suspend, or
revoke certificate of registration for the practice of criminology and to administer oath.
All applicants for registration as criminologists shall be required to undergo
and examination.
The examination shall be in writing and shall cover the following subjects with their
respective relative weights.

Subjects Relative Weight

Criminal Jurisprudence and 20%
Procedure
Law Enforcement Administration 20%
Correctional Administration 15%
Criminalistics 20%
Criminal Sociology 15%
Ethics and Human Relations 10%

Criminal Jurisprudence and Procedure is further subdivided into:

1. Criminal Law 1 - Study of the Revised Penal Code book 1, special criminal statutes,
Presidential Decrees, and 
    Letters of Instructions.
2. Criminal Law 2 - Study of the Revised Penal Code book 2
3. Criminal Procedure - Study of the Rules of Court and Criminal Procedure covering
the law on arrest, search and 
    seizure, Preliminary Investigation and the granting of bail to an accused person;
Rights of the accused person 
    during the trial and the manner of prosecution of criminal offenses; Procedures in
arraignment and trial and 
    discharge of one of several defendants as state witness; Rules governing arrest
without warrant and the use of 
    firearms in case of resistance to an arrest; Study of court decisions  regarding arrest
and search and seizure.
4. Criminal Evidence - Study of the fundamental principle of criminal evidence as
embodied in the rules of court.

Civil Law
1. Filed by a private party.

  a corporation
 an individual person
2. Penalty: a guilty defendant pays the plaintiff for 
    losses caused by their actions.

  no incarceration

Crimes are divided into 2 classes

1. Misdemeanors - less than one year of incarceration
2. Felonies - sentence of one year or more.

During the times of the Romans, a criminal charge meant presenting the case before
the public. Both the person accused of the crime and the accuser would give speeches
based on their side of the story. The individual with the best argumentation would
determine the outcome of the case.

Criminal Law
1. Filed by the government
2. Penalty: a guilty defendant is punished by

  incarceration in jail or prison

 fine paid to the government
 execution (death penalty)