ACT 1 Presentation 2022

ND3801 ACT I
Installing Premises Cabling Systems

Lesson 1.0 – Transmission Basics
© 2020 CommScope, Inc and Cabling Science ltd. September 2020 1

Communications Media
Type - Construction - Application
Type of Media Construction Application
Copper Unshielded UTP Horizontal

or or Backbone
Fiber Shielded FTP External
Twisted pair Internal
Tight Loose
Buffered Tube
Fiber Fiber
© 2020 CommScope, Inc and Cabling Science ltd. 2
Transmission - Copper vs Fiber
Fast but limited

Electrons
bandwidth
Short distance
Fast with wide

Photons
bandwidth
Long distance

Cable Types - U/UTP, U/FTP & F/UTP
U/UTP
No foil or braid
F/UTP
Single foil over
all pairs
U/FTP
Foil screen over
individual pairs

Cable Types - U/UTP, U/FTP & F/UTP
SF/FTP
(Cat5e Cable)
F/FTP also known as

PiMF600
S/FTP

Transmission
Cable Types - Testing
• Standards bodies set the parameters
Includes –
— Category of installation
— No of connections in channel
— Type of connectors
— Cable type
— Performance parameters

Transmission
Attenuation
• The loss of power as a signal travels along a cable expressed in

decibels (dB) per a unit of distance Tested Parameter
dB Loss

Transmission
Larger Core Size - Less Attenuation
dB Loss
dB Loss
Transmission
Cable Core Size - Performance
Cat 6
& Cat6A
Cat 5e
24AWG 23AWG
0.539mm 0.545mm
 
Transmission
Measurements -dB
• Many test results are measured in dB’s

• Typically negative (But we drop the -)
• e.g. NEXT, Return Loss & ACR

Cat 6
- The higher the number the better
& Cat6A
• Attenuation
- Expressed in dB’s per unit of distance so 23AWG
the lower the number is better 0.545mm

Transmission
Bandwidth – Information carrying capacity of a cable
• Twisted Pair – Expressed in MHz
• Fiber - Expressed in MHz.km
• Measured in bits or bites per second
• Calculation of data over a timed period
• E.g. 1Gb Ethernet = 1Gb data per second

Transmission
Balanced Cabling - Twisted pair
• Good balancing ensures –
• Net emissions are minimized
• Robust rejection of noise
Net Emission = 0 External Noise Noise is rejected

+E - E +N +N
+2V +1V +1V +N +2V
-1V One pair of wires in a 4 +1V +N

Transmitter pair cable
Receiver

Transmission
NEXT – Near End Crosstalk
• Poor termination e.g. untwisted pairs causes the

Tested Parameter
transmitter of one pair to affect the adjacent
receiver of the next pair
• Repair can usually be made by re-termination
Open twist
TX/RX TX/RX
NEXT!
TX/RX TX/RX

Transmission
PSNEXT – Powersum of Near End Crosstalk
• Three pairs affecting a single pair

Tested Parameter
TX/RX TX/RX
TX/RX TX/RX
PSNEXT!
TX/RX TX/RX
TX/RX TX/RX

Transmission
RL- Return Loss
• Usually caused by damage to installed cable

Tested Parameter
• Could also be caused by mis matched components
Kink
Overtight
cable tie

Transmission
Propagation Delay & Delay Skew
• Different twist ratios per pair
• Signals arrive at different times
Tested Parameter
• Up to 29 nanoseconds delay
Propagation Delay
TX/RX TX/RX
TX/RX TX/RX
TX/RX TX/RX
TX/RX TX/RX
© 2020 CommScope, Inc and Cabling Science ltd. Delay Skew 16

Transmission
ELFEXT (Equal level far-end crosstalk)
• The noise’ one pair induces into another pair in the same cable
Tested Parameter
TX/RX TX/RX
ELFEXT ACR-F
TX/RX TX/RX
TX/RX TX/RX
TX/RX TX/RX

Transmission
PSELFEXT (Powersum of equal level far-end crosstalk)
• Powersummation of the ‘noise’ coming from multiple

Tested Parameter
transmitters at the near-end into a pair
TX/RX TX/RX
TX/RX TX/RX
TX/RX TX/RX
PSELFEXT (PSACR-F)
TX/RX TX/RX

Transmission
10GBase-T – ANEXT Alien Near End Crosstalk
• When running 10G-BASE-T cables parallel to

one another causes ANEXT
• It refers to the undesired coupling of signals

from the transmit pairs in one cable onto the
receive pairs in an adjacent cable
• Or put simply, every pair in every adjacent

cable affects every pair in the next
• This is why the jackets of Cat 6A cables are

physically bigger to help increase distance
between pairs

Network Cable Performance Criteria
Copper vs Fiber Bandwidth / Distance
• 10G copper cabling is

limited to 100m
• Fiber can run 100G over

100m
• Fiber has much higher

bandwidth than copper
which is why it is used
for high-speed
communications all over
the world

Network Cabling
Cable Bundling – PoE Issues
• PoE devices are

increasing in
networks
• Bundles will heat

up, so may need
extra separation or
made smaller
• Check with your

designer.

ND3801 ACT I
Lesson 2.0 Cabling Infrastructure
Basics

Infrastructure is the Key
Company’s Cabling Systems

Infrastructure is the Key
• Number of connected devices per

network grows constantly
• Bandwidth requirement &
throughput is increasing
• Equipment reliability is improving
Users/Devices
• Complexity, cost & risk is
decreasing Bandwidth
Throughput
Reliability/Quality
Complexity
Cost
Risk
Expected Life of IT sub-systems
Cabling 20+ years
Software
Servers
LAN Switches
PC’s / Laptops
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
© 2020 CommScope, Inc and Cabling Science ltd.
Years
25
Expected Life of IT sub-systems
Initial Build Costs %
• Cabling is the lowest IT cost % of new build

• Needs to be designed with life expectancy
Initial Build
50%
15 year Life
40%
30%
20%
10%
Servers Software Computers Cabling Bad initial choice

Re-cabling cost
LAN Elements
26
Before Structured Cabling
Each cabling system different
Cat 3 voice
Cat 5 data
Coax video

With Structured Cabling
All cabling the same
• Easy to make MAC’s

(Moves & Changes)

Why install structured cabling?
All cabling the same
Single cabling Reduction of
contractor: Easier
coordination of construction
project activities cycle time
Easier to operate,
Eliminates the need
change and
for re-cabling
maintain
Standards based and

open systems Guaranteed system
architecture performance
Long term
Basis for future
investment protection
developments
and cost savings
Structured Cabling Notations
All cabling on the floor the same TR
• TO = Telecommunications Outlet
• TR = Telecommunications Room
(This is not necessarily a room. Could
also be a wall cabinet) TO’s
• MC = Main Cross-connect
TR
(Used where all the cabling is fully
structured and would include voice
cabling) Not always installed )
• EF = Entrance Facility
(Where external telecoms cables enter TO’s
the building) EF
• ER = Equipment Room MC
(Room where all the main comms ER
equipment is installed. Could also just
be a single cabinet)

Topologies
Physical v Logical
Physical Topology Logical Topology
The layout of the network The signals operating

as defined by it’s cabling - path between connected
devices -
How it’s wired How it works

Physical Topology
Physical Star

Star Topology
Typically Ethernet

Point to Point Topology
Any two devices connected

Mesh Topology
Resilience built in through switches

Physical Topologies
TIA 568 Standard
• Topologies are covered in standards

• TIA-568 specifies that both the horizontal and backbone
cabling networks be physically wired as a star
• Also accommodates non-star configurations

Cabling Topology & Infrastructure

Infrastructure for Networks
1 Horizontal Segment
2 Backbone (or Vertical) Segment
3 Campus Segment
4 Local Access Segment

Different Cabled Segments Horizontal
802.11 wireless
to fiber riser TR
Horizontal UTP
to a fiber riser TR
Horizontal UTP Riser

to a UTP riser backbone
TR
Horizontal fiber Copper patch panel
to a fiber riser Fiber patch panel
TR Active equipment
Fiber to the enclosure Copper TO
(FTTE) Fiber TO
TR
Equipment
Room Campus
IC
Campus
Campus Segment

Media Limits
Up to 100m & 10G Over 100m & over 10G Wireless up to 50m

Distributed Backbone
Administration Science
High-speed
Ring Accommodation
Engineering

Collapsed Backbone
Max 300m using MM fiber

Longer if using SM fiber
Switch Switch
Router

Horizontal Subsystem - CP
What are the rules for

this CP and what is it?
Switch Cross-connect CP TO PC

CP - Consolidation Point Rules
• A consolidation point is considered to be an

interconnection between the patch panel
and the eventual telecoms outlet
• A patch cord (RJ45) must be connected to

the front of the CP and the other end
terminated as an outlet
• If the CP is used as a multiple outlet

position, with standard RJ45 patch cords it
is known as a MUTOA. (Multiple User Outlet
Assembly)

CP Examples
• Used in grocery stores

or hypermarkets
allowing a
consolidation point in
the ceiling void with
cables run to each
checkout position

CP Examples
• Trading desks
• Multiple PC’s linked to

different networks
• CP is ideally placed in
the floor void or fixed
to a desk

CP Rules - distances
15m
(50ft)
min
<90m
(295ft)
max

CP Example
Equipment Room
Ethernet Switch
Telecoms Switch

MUTOA - Direct Connections from CP
Equipment Room
Ethernet Switch
MUTOA
Telecoms Switch

FTTE Fiber to the Enclosure • The TE can be a wall or
Telecoms
ceiling mounted enclosure
Enclosure (TE) i.e. a cabinet & places
Equipment equipment closer to end
Room (ER) users
• Smaller active equipment
• Bypasses connection in
Telecoms Room
Telecoms
Room (TR)
Maximum 300m TIA

recommended un-spliced
fiber link to ER
Building Backbone Subsystem Components
Intra-building v Inter-building
Intra-building
• Intra-building is contained within
the same building
• Normally vertically through a riser

between cabinets
• Can be internal or external but

only connecting areas within the
same building
• TIA limits this distance to 300m

for standard mm fiber

Building Backbone Subsystem Components
Intra-building v Inter-building
• Inter-building is linking two

different buildings
• Can be via ducts, buried or

overhead
• Internal / external or
external rated cables must
be used

Access Provider’s Segment
Access Providers
• An Access provider is the term

for a telecom or internet
service company
• Their incoming line terminates

inside the building inside the
providers termination box
• This point of demarcation is

called the DEMARC
• Can be fiber or copper

Access Provider’s Segment
Entrance Facility
If landlines aren’t available microwave or

satellite communications might be used
Entrance
Typical Fiber DEMARC Box
Facility (EF)
or DEMARC
Fiber Cable
© 2020 CommScope, Inc and Cabling Science ltd. Copper Cable 55

ND3801 ACT I
Lesson 3.0– NETCONNECT Twisted
Pair Cable, Connectors & Outlets

NETCONNECT Cable
CS Series Cable CS-xxx
First X Digit Category Second X Digit Performance Class Third X Digit Safety Listing
0 Other 1 Standards Compliant P Plenum
1 Cat 3 4 Headroom CM CM
2 Cat 5e 7 Ext. Headroom R Riser
3 Cat 6 O Outdoor
4 Cat 6A Z3 LSZH
5 Cat 7
6 Cat 7A
CS34Z3
7, 8, 9 Future
3 = Cat 6
4 = Above standards
headroom
Z3 = LSZH
CommPak or
Reel
Cable Types
U/UTP, F/UTP, S/FTP & F/FTP
F/UTP Single
U/UTP foil over all
No foil or braid pairs
F/FTP
Foil screen over
individual foil
Cat7 & 7A S/FTP - Braid twisted pairs
over individual foil
twisted pairs
ISO 11801 Class F & FA
NETCONNECT Cable
CS Cat5e Cross Section
Jacket
Pair Insulation
(Dielectric)
Conductor 24
AWG

NETCONNECT Cable
CS Cat6 Cross Section Class 1
Jacket Isolator
Pair Insulation
(Dielectric)
Conductor 23
AWG
CS31CM
*Class 1 cables only available in Asia & only UTP CS31R
NETCONNECT Cable
Jacket Tape Separator
Pair Insulation
(Dielectric)
Conductor 23
AWG
CS34M
CS34Z3
CS34CM
CS34O
CS34R
NETCONNECT Cable
Jacket Isolator
Insulation has stripes

on the whites
Conductors 22
AWG
*Different versions of these cable are available depending on your regions

Check with your supplier
NETCONNECT Cable
CS Cat6A Cross Section Shielded
F/FTP F/UTP
Jacket Jacket
Insulation Insulation
Conductor Conductor
Drain Wire Core Wrap
Pair Foil Shield Isolator
Overall Foil Shield

Drain Wire
CS44P
Foil Shield CS44R
NETCONNECT Cable
CS Cat6A Cross Section U/UTP
Jacket Isolator
Pair Insulation
Separator Tape
(Dielectric)
Conductor 23
AWG
CS44P
CS44R
NETCONNECT Cable
CS Cat7 & 7A Cross Section Shielded
Jacket
Pair Insulation
(Dielectric)
Foil Shield 22
AWG
Braid
CS54Z3
NETCONNECT Connectors
STP UTP SL UTP KJ
AMP-TWIST SL7 AS SL10G KJ10G
AMP-TWIST SLX 6AS SL110 Cat6 KJ610
AMP-TWIST SLX 6S SL110 Cat5e KJ510

NETCONNECT Connectors
Shielded SL Connectors
AMP-TWIST SL7 AS AMP-TWIST SLX 6AS AMP-TWIST-SLX 6S
SHUTTERED

Netconnect UTP Connectors
UTP-KJ Series Connectors
Connectors fit faceplates

Cat 5e
• CommScope
Cat 6 • Hubbell
• Leviton
Cat 6A
• Panduit

NETCONNECT FMK Modular Jacks
Australia & NZ Regional Outlets
• Black or white
• Fits Clipsal bezel
• Termination with 110 or SL
tool

SL Series Tool
Terminates all SL Connectors
• Some connectors require the

lacing tool Lacing Tool
• Latest version has enlarged
cable stripper. (0.285in
7.2mm)
• Termination videos on
CommScope YouTube

Copper Patch Panels
Discrete Distribution Module (DDM) Panel
• Empty port for

connectors UTP or STP SL
Connectors
• 24 or 48 port
Panel Version
• Straight & angled Ends - SL
versions
M Series
• Connectors can be
Connectors
inserted either way up,
or on their sides Panel Version
Ends - M
KJ Series
Connectors
Panel Version
Ends - KJ
Copper Patch Panels
Distribution Module (DM) Panels
• 24 or 48 port
• Straight & angled versions
• Termination managers must be
used
• Compact Cat 6, 12-way version

Copper Patch Panels
Hi Density Discrete Distribution Module DDM Panel
• 48 port 1U
• Straight & angled versions
• STP Cat6 or Cat6A or UTP Cat 6
• Panel supplied with 48 compatible
connectors

Copper Products
Faceplates SL & M Series
• 1, 2, 3, 4 & 6 port versions

• Regional differences
• Angled & shuttered depending on
style
• See eCatalog

Copper Products
Modular Jack Boxes
• Low cost option

• 1 & 2 port versions
• Accepts SL jacks only
• Small yet sturdy
• Smooth label space
• See eCatalog

Copper Products
Surface Mount Modules
• 2, 4 & 6 port configurations

• Compatible with SL jacks & inserts
• Inserts available include 3.5mm
jack, RCA, BNC, HDMI & fiber LCs
• See eCatalog

Copper Products
CCA Ceiling Connector
• CCA designed for wiring to wireless

points
• Available with or without attached
RJ45 tails
• Easy compression termination
using pump pliers

Copper Products
Field Terminated RJ45 Jack Plugs
• Category 6 & 6A jack plugs

• Suitable for solid or stranded cable
• Use in similar situations as CCA connector
• Not to be used to make patch cords
• See the MTPL guidelines on CommScope
Website

Copper Products
NETCONNECT Patch Cords
• UTP & STP options

• Range of colors & lengths
• Modular plug boots with colored
clips
• Pull latches can be retrospectively
fitted
• Ideal for crowded patch fields
• See eCatalog

Copper Products
NETCONNECT Cat 7 & 7A non-RJ545 Patch Cords
• Patch cords custom-made

• Cat 7 & 7A plugs
• See eCatalog

Copper Products
CommScope Racks & Cord Management
4 post rack
2 post rack
• 2 & 4 post racks
• Single & dual sided full height Dual sided
management available as well management
• Cord management strips in
various U sizes
Cord management
• See eCatalog strips

ND3801 ACT I
Lesson 4.0 - Copper Termination &
Installation

Twisted Pairs
Termination
• Twist must be maintained up to point of termination
• The SL tool reduces opening of the twist
TX/RX TX/RX
TX/RX TX/RX
TX/RX TX/RX
TX/RX TX/RX

Twisted Pairs
Termination 568A & 568B
T568A T568B
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Pr 1 Pr 1
Pr 3 Pr 4 Pr 2 Pr 4
Tip Pr 2 Pr 3
Ring
IDC Termination
Just how good is it?
• Two styles 45° & 90°

insulation displacement
• Accepts 22 - 26 AWG
insulated conductors
• Accepts both solid &

stranded insulated
conductors
• Can be re-terminated 200 or 45⁰ IDC

more times

90⁰ IDC 85
IDC Termination
Poor Termination Example
• Maximum 13mm untwist
• Keep cable jacket as

close to termination point
as possible without
causing stress

IDC Termination
Twisted Pair Color Codes
Color
Color Code
Conductor
Identification
Abbreviation

IDC Termination
Multicore Cables
Ring Colors
Tip Colors

Termination Tools
SL Termination Tools
• SL termination tool
• Measure strip & terminate
Scale Blade Ram
Lacing tool. Used for some connector styles

Classroom Exercise
Termination of the SL Connectors

Distribution Module Panels
Termination Procedure
• Cat5e, 6 & 6A panels all use

the same style module
• Termination managers must
be used

Classroom Exercise
Termination of the 1100 Modules

• Strip 75mm (3in) of jacket & Blue Brown Orange Green

prepare cable removing flute &
separator tapes if required
• Insert pairs in order (T568A has
Orange & Green swapped)
• Push ‘TM’ to jacket - (within at
least 6mm 1/4”)
• Note: direct & reverse ends of
cable the same process
T568B
• Pull pairs down into slots (under

over) shotgun style
• Not side by side shotgun style  
Blue/Orange ‘colors on top’
Brown/Green ‘whites on top’

• Ensure pairs are pulled down

flush into slots
• If any pair sticks out, TM will not
engage

• Orient the ‘TM’ to the panel &

ensure latches snap in place
• Untwist pair & align colors
(white is to the right)

• TM not seated correctly
• Registration failure

• Dress cables onto support bar
• Use Velcro in preference to cable ties

Ceiling Connector
• Termination requires a pair of

pump pliers
• Connector comes in 3 parts. 2

covers & 1 connector assembly
• Cable termination is different on

each side of connector assembly

Classroom Exercise
Termination of the CCA Connector

ND3801 ACT 1
Lesson 5.0 - Fiber Transmission
Fiber Optic Transmission
Cross Section of Multimode Fiber Cable
50m
Core
(most commonly)
Cladding 125m
Acrylate
coating 250m
Tight Buffer. Secondary

polymer coating on 900m (About
indoor style fibers 1mm or 1/16in)
Cross Section of Multimode Fiber Cable
Core & cladding

• Core & cladding are bonded together
bonded together like a
glass marble. They cannot
be separated
• Stripping fiber will only

strip down to the 125 m
Acrylate
cladding
coating
• Light modes are
transmitted through the
core but needs the
cladding to reflect the
light back in

Multimode Transmission – Modal Dispersion
• Light transmits into the core of

the fiber at different angles
• Pulses spread out & disperse

Input Output
• Signals arrive at different
times – Modal Delay

Cross Section of Single-mode Fiber Cable
Core 8-9m
Cladding 125m
Acrylate
coating 250m
(most
common)
Tight buffer secondary
coating (usually only in 900m (About
internal rated cables) 1mm or 1/16in)
Single-mode Transmission
• Single-mode fiber has very

small fiber core- step index
mode
• Designed to only accept only

one mode of light
• Light is transmitted into the

core of the fiber from a laser
• Commonly used for longer

distance cross-campus or
wide area links such as
between cities in telecoms &
CATV type applications.
Multimode Transmission – Reflection
• Transmitter is usually an LED
• Light transmits into the core of

the fiber at different angles
• Bounces off the core cladding

interface back into the core

Multimode Transmission – Refraction
• Refraction is the light

changing speed & direction
while it exits the core and
enters the cladding
• When light travels from one

material to another it always
change speed due to density
or material type

Refractive Index
Refractive Index
• Different density materials are
given a refractive index
‘number’
• This number is based on its Speed of Light (Vacuum)

ability to transport light N
Speed of Light (Medium)
N2
N1

Multimode Transmission – Graded Index
• By changing the refractive index

of the glass, changes the speed
light travels through it – Graded
Index
• All the transmissions can arrive at

the receiver at nearly the same
time
• The variation in time is called

modal dispersion
• Nearly all multimode fibers are

graded index

Numerical Aperture (NA)
Cone of Acceptance
• Numerical Aperture is the light
High Order
gathering ability of a fiber &
Modes
modes, are the angle light
takes through the fiber
• Low order modes take longer Axial Mode

paths & have fewer reflections
• High order modes take shorter

paths & have a high number of Low Order
reflections Mode
• Axial mode takes the

straightest path

Modal Delay – High Speed Limitations
10Gb on conventional multimode limited to 32m
10101010101??? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
10G VCSEL Detector

850nm
Core
Cladding
Actual
32m photo of
signal
arriving -
breaking up
Multimode – Laser Optimized MMF OM3, OM4 & OM5 LazrSPEED
10101010101010101010101010101010101
10 Gbps Detector
850nm Laser
Core
Cladding
550m Actual
photo of
signal
Makes 10Gbps possible on LOMMF and low cost VCSEL’s @ 850nm arriving -
breaking up
Common Enterprise Transmission Windows
Lower Loss
Higher Cost
Rayleigh Intrinsic
Scattering Absorption
4-
3- Water Peak Areas

Attenuation
dB 2-
1-
0-
800 1000 1200 1400 1600
850nm 1300nm 1550nm

1st 2nd 3rd
Window Window Window
Ultraviolet Infrared
OS2 (TeraSPEED) Full Spectrum Fiber
G652.D & G657.A1 Compliant
Lower Loss
Rayleigh
Scattering
4-
Intrinsic
3- Absorption
TeraSPEED
Attenuation
dB 2- Ability to use full low loss
spectrum for future DWDM
1280 1625
1-
0-
800 1000 1200 1400 1600
850nm
1st
Window
Ultraviolet Infrared
ND3801 ACT I
Lesson 6.0 Fiber Cables
Fiber Optic Cables
Two Types of Fiber Enterprise Cables
Multimode Single-mode

Fiber Optic Cables
Fiber Components HorizontalC Work Areas
Telecom Room
abling
Patch
Cords
OSP
Enclosures Connectors &
Adapters Backbone
Cabling
Wall Mount
Enclosures
Entrance Facility
Rack Mounted
Equipment
Shelves
Room

Fiber Optic Cables
Multimode Cables
200/500MHz.km
OM1 62.5/125 850/1300nm OptiSPEED
1Gb to 550m
Not recommended for new installs!

2000/500MHz.km
@ 850/1300nm LazrSPEED
OM3 50/125
10Gb to 300m 300
Minimum spec fiber for new installs!

4700/500MHz.km
@ 850/1300nm LazrSPEED
OM4 50/125
10Gb to 550m 550
4700/500MHz.km
OM5 @ 850/1300nm LazrSPEED
50/125
WBMMF 10Gb to 550m 550
Fiber Optic Cables
Single-mode Cables
Indoor Tight
OS1 Legacy OS1A Buffered
OS2 ZWP Full Spectrum Outdoor Loose

Fiber Tube

Fiber Optic Cables
LazrSPEED 300 OM3 Fiber Cable
OM3 850nm 1300nm

Max. Attenuation, Loose Tube 3.0dB/km 1.0dB/km
Max. Attenuation, Tight Buffered 3.0dB/km 1.0dB/km
Bandwidth, OFL 1500MHz-km 500MHz-km
Bandwidth, Laser 2000MHz-km 500MHz-km
Exceeds IEC60793-2
Differential Mode Delay 0.88ps/m
requirements for OM3
Group Refractive Index 1.482 1.477
1Gb Ethernet Distance 1000m 600m
10Gb Ethernet Distance 300m
Numerical Aperture 0.200±0.015
Point Defects, max 0.15dB
Zero Dispersion Wavelength 1295 – 1340nm
Zero Dispersion Slope 0.105ps/[km-nm-nm]
Fiber Optic Cables
LazrSPEED 550 OM4 Fiber Cable
OM4 850nm 1300nm
3.0dB/km 1.0dB/km
Max. Attenuation, Loose Tube Cable
3.0dB/km 1.0dB/km
Max. Attenuation, Tight Buffer Cable
Bandwidth, OFL 3500MHz-km 500MHz-km
Bandwidth, Laser 4700MHz-km 500MHz-km
Differential Mode Delay Per TIA-4292AAAC-A 0.88ps/m
Group Refractive Index 1.482 1.477
1Gb Ethernet Distance 1100m 600m
10Gb Ethernet Distance 550m
Numerical Aperture 0.200±0.015
Zero Dispersion Slope 0.105ps/[km-nm-nm]
Fiber Optic Cables
TeraSPEED OS2 Fiber Cable
OS2 1310nm 1383nm 1550nm
Max. Attenuation, Loose Tube
0.34dB/km 0.31dB/km 0.22dB/km
Cable
Max. Attenuation, Tight Buffer
0.70dB/km 0.70dB/km 0.70dB/km
Cable
OS1a Max. Attenuation, Tight 1.00dB/km 1.00dB/km
1.00dB/km @1310nm
Buffer Cable @1383nm @1550nm
Mode Field Diameter 9.6±0.3µm 9.6±0.6µm 10.4±0.5µm
Group Refractive Index 1.466 1.466 1.467
3.5ps/[km-nm] from
Dispersion, max 18ps/[km-nm]
1285 to 1330nm
Cut Off Wavelength ≤1260nm
Zero Dispersion Slope, max 0.090ps/[km-nm-nm]
Polarization Mode Dispersion Link
0.06ps/sqrt(km)
Design Value
Advances in Fiber Technology
Demand for higher bandwidth fibers

SWDM (Shortwave Division Multiplexing)
Four different wavelengths

transmitted simultaneously
down a single fiber

WBMMF LazrSPEED OM5

Fiber Optic Cables
WBMMF Components
• Designed with a wider bandwidth

than OM4 fiber
• Most common use is in data
centers where potential to use
WDM & SWDM currently or in
future is required
• Marketed as LazrSPEED 550
OM5 but all components easily
identifiable as bright green in
color not to be confused with the
bottle green of APC components

Fiber Optic Cables
Areas & Types of Use
Application Optical Fiber Comments

Legacy Systems only. NOT for new
Premises / Enterprise OM1
installs
1-10G future 100G depending on
OM3/OM4
length
OM5 /OS1A 40G +
Datacenter / Enterprise OM4/OM5 Wideband MMF
Residential Access OS2 Standard
OM3/OM4 Layout Dependent
Metro Access OS2 70km +
10Gb Ethernet Distance NZDSF Long Distance High Data Rate
+ and - sometimes used in
Long haul/ Submarine NZDSF
combination
NZDSF = Non Zero Dispersion Shifted Fiber

Fiber Optic Cables
Cables for Every Application – See eCatalog

Fiber Optic Cables
Plant Cables - Metallic & Dielectric (Non-metallic)
Metallic Dielectric
• Classed as an external fiber • Classed as an internal/external

• Rodent resistant fiber if gel free
• Must be grounded at both ends if • Not rodent resistant
run between buildings • Can be run internally if gel free
• Cannot be run internally if gel filled filled between buildings
Fiber Optic Cables
Outside Plant Cables – Loose Tube
Stranded Central Tube
• Up to 48 x 250μm fibers in central

• 2.5 or 3mm tubes with up to 12 x gel-filled tube
250μm fibers in each • Fibers are bundled in 12’s with a
• Tubes are wrapped spirally around colored cord wrap identifying each
central strength member bundle
• Smaller count fibers have solid • Break-out kits must be used in
nylon tubes to maintain strength termination
• Can be riser rated • Rollable ribbon fibers in central tube
© 2020 CommScope, Inc and Cabling Science ltd. construction can have up to 864 fibers 131
Fiber Optic Cables
Loose Tube – Protection From Environmental Factors
• External jackets are black to reduce UV radiation –

Two commons ones
• HDPE (High Density Polyethylene)
• MDPE (Medium Density Polyethylene)
• Compounds are abrasion resistant & have low
coefficients of friction making them easier to pull
Fiber Optic Cables
Outside Plant Cables – Tight Buffered - 900μm Fibers
Stranded
Distribution
Distribution
• 3mm tubes with 12 fiber colored • Up to 24 fibers around central

subunits strength member
• Tight buffered colored 900μm fibers • Tight buffered colored 900μm fibers
• Water blocking tapes • Kevlar strength member
• Riser rated • Water blocking tapes
Fiber Optic Cables
Outside Plant Cables – Tight Buffered - 900μm Fibers
Multimode
• Polymer 900μm coating adheres to
125μm core
the fiber & increases chance of
& cladding
microbending
• Tight buffered fiber has a higher loss 250μm
than loose tube equivalent acrylate
coating
900μm
polymer
coating

Fiber Optic Cables
Tight Buffered Cable – Up to 24 x 900μm Fibers
PVC,
Plenum or
LSZH
Aramid yarn
900μm
fibers

Fiber Optic Cables
Tight Buffered Cable – 18 to 144 x 900μm Fibers
PVC,
Plenum or
LSZH
Water-blocking
tape
Fiberglass
central strength
member
900μm
fibers

Fiber Optic Cables
Tight Buffered Design – ISP Jacket Color Code
LazrSPEED
OptiSPEED OM1 LazrSPEED 0M5 TeraSPEED 0S2
0M3/OM4

Fiber Optic Cables
Interlocking Armored Cables
• Fibers pre-installed in a flexible

plastic covered metal conduit
• Ideal for multi-tenanted buildings
• Color of sheath identifies fiber
type
• Smooth jacket allows easy
pulling
• Can be fixed using conduit clips
or saddle clamps

Cable Design Application Guidelines
Environment Preferred Cable Type
Inside Buildings Tight Buffer
Direct Buried Trenches Loose Tube with Armor
Aerial Spans Loose Tube
Conduit - below frost

line
Loose Tube
- non-flooded
- unobstructed
Conduit - other OSP Loose Tube

Powered Fiber
Power & Fiber Cable in Triple Shotgun Style
• Designed for powering network

devices
• WiFi Access Points
• Small-cells
• HD Cameras

Powered Fiber
Cable Construction
Physical identifiable
12AWG or 16AWG
polarity (ridge)
conductors
Easy peel
separation
Up to 12 fibers SM
or MM

Powered Fiber
Typical Design Usage
• PoE Extender - Up to
3km @ 15 watts
• PoE Extender - Up to
1.6km @ 30 watts –
PoE+

Powered Fiber Cable System
Typical Design Usage
SMALL CELLS CAMPUS SURVEILLANCE

ENVIRONMENT CAMERAS

ND3801 ACT I
Lesson 7.0 Fiber Connectors &
Termination Hardware
Fiber Connectors
Connector Identification Colors
Multimode OM3/OM4 OM5 WBMMF Single-mode Single-mode APC

Fiber Connectors
Connector Identification Colors
What’s this color then?

• Introduced by some
manufacturers as OM4
• Rejected by the standards

bodies as color is used to
distinguish core diameter
not fiber type

Fiber Connectors
Connector Couplers
• Aligns fiber cores to

allow efficient optical Alignment Sleeve
power transmission
between two mated
Side View - Cross Section
fibers
Fiber
• Ceramic ferrule based
connection most
popular & reliable
Ceramic Ferrule Alignment Sleeve

Fiber Connectors
ST & SC Fiber Connectors
• Both connector styles have

2.5mm ferrule
• ST connectors are
outdated, & not used for
new installs
• SC connectors can be
duplexed & have biggest
install base
• Average loss for both styles ST - Bayonet SC – Simplex or Duplex

is 0.3dB SM or MM MM, SM or SM APC

Fiber Connectors
LC Fiber Connectors SFF (Small Form Factor)
• Sprung 1.5mm ceramic

ferrule - good mating
• LC connectors can be
duplexed & are connector of
choice for current new
installs
• Designed to run 10Gb
• Average loss for MM

version is 0.1dB
LC – Simplex LC – Duplex

Fiber Connectors
MPO Fiber Connectors (Multi-fiber Push-on)
• Different density versions - up to

32 fibers per connector in
Enterprise networks
• Most common 12 way - MPO-12
• Male to female – plug to socket

required for mating
6mm

Fiber Connectors
MPO Fiber Connectors Identification
8 Fibers
12 Fibers
24 Fibers

Fiber Connectors
MPO Connectors Coupling
• MPO’s must be connected

male to female Keyways
• Latest ULL MPO style trunk

cables are all male
• Modules are female
• Inline connections should

Female (Holes)
use a straight-through
coupler
Male (Pins)
Fiber Connectors
MPO Fiber Connectors - MPO-16
• MPO–16 can also have

dual rows which gives 32
fibers
• Wider than standard MPO’s
• Has offset keyway to

prevent accidental mating
although larger size might
indicate they were different

Fiber Connectors
Qwik II Connectors
250/900m
• Available in ST, SC & LC
versions
2mm
• Multimode & single-mode
3mm SC
• Single-mode APC available LC
• Minimal termination tools

required
• Specific CommScope tool- Excluded from

kits are available 25 year warranty
• Universal Kits
Kit comes with a range of boots to
suit most fibers
Fiber Connectors
Lightcrimp Plus
• NETCONNECT product
range
• Available in ST, SC & LC

versions
• Multimode & single-mode
• LightCrimp Plus tool-kits

available - see eCatalog

Fiber Connectors
Qwik-Fuse Connectors
• Pre-terminated splice on
connectors
• 900μm, 2mm & 3mm versions
• SC & LC, SM & MM
• Easier than pigtails as original

colored fibers can be seen
• Holder fits most popular fusion

splicers

Fiber Termination Hardware

Fiber Administration
Agile Panels – Skelton & Enclosed styles
Skeleton Styles Straight & Angled Enclosed Panels
AGL-1U-FIXED
AGL-1U-DRW-SLIDING AGL-1U-ENC-FIXED
AGL-1U-ANG-FIXED
AGL-1U-SLIDING
AGL-1U- MANAGEMENT
TROUGH
AGL-1U-ENC-SLIDING ORDER SEPARATELY
AGL-1U-ANG-SLIDING
Agile Panels – Accepts Standard Cassettes & Adapter Packs

Agile Panels – Splicing
• The three basic Agile

panels can all
accommodate a splice
tray if required

HD Panel – High Density
Easy access at rear for incoming fibers
• Available in 1U, 2U or 4U
• Built in cord management
• Accepts ULL or
InstaPATCH distribution
modules or adapter packs
• 48 Duplex LC or 32 MPO
Ports per 1U
InstaPATCH ULL
Distribution Distribution
Module Module
Adapter
Pack

UD Panel (Ultra High Density)
• 1U, 2U or 4U versions
• Accepts ULL or InstaPATCH

distribution modules or
adapter packs

HD Splice Shelf
• Designed for splicing
• 1U, 2U or 4U
• Accepts up to two
Rolosplice trays
• Supplied with fiber

management clips

Qwick-Fit to G2 Transition
• Quick-Fit adapter brackets allow G2

modules/adapters to fit older style
Quick-Fit panels
• Adapting bezels sold in 4 pack

Wall Mount Building Enclosure
• Ideal for external to internal fiber change
• Rolo splice. Fits inside of WMBE with

removable rivets. 16 fusion splices per tray
• Mounting can hold either adapter panels or

modular cassettes
• 3 different depths & either black or white

finish

Wall Mount Building Enclosure
• Patch cord configurator (eCatalog)
• Cords must match fiber type installed
• Different lengths available
• Simplex or duplex cords
• Cord diameters 1.6mm, 2mm or 3mm
• Hybrid cords available
• Connectors ST, SC, LC, FC, LM or

LazrSPEED Cords are all 550 so
backwardly compatible

ND3801 ACT I
Lesson 8.0 Fiber Termination &
Installation
Fiber
Polarity Overview
Adapters Adapters

Fiber
Polarity Overview
Adapters on desktop side have B-A polarity
Desktop Horizontal Backbone Cable

Horizontal Cable
Cross-connect
Outlet Patch Patch
B-A polarity vertical & horizontal adapter end views A-B polarity horizontal & vertical adapter end views

Fiber
Color Codes

Fiber
Different Termination Techniques
• Hand polish with Anerobic Adhesive
• Qwik II Pre-polished mechanical splice connectors
• Lightcrimp Plus Pre-polished mechanical splice connectors
• Fusion splicing to pigtails
• Fusion splicing directly to Qwik-Fuse connectors

Fiber Termination
Anearobic Adhesive –Termination Kit

Fiber Connectorization
Qwik II Connector
QWIK II Premium Kit

• ST, SC & LC Connectors
• Fast & easy termination QWIK II Basic Kit
• Minimum equipment required
• 2 x tool kit options available

Fiber
LightCrimp Plus Connectors
• Available as ST, SC 2. Cleave fiber

or LC 4. Insert fiber
• Termination kit
required
• Fast & easy Tool Kit
termination
1. Strip fiber 3. Insert fiber

Classroom Exercise
Lightcrimp Plus Connector

Fiber
Cleaving Tool – Required for Fusion Splicing
• Must use a quality cleaver
• Serviceable unit i.e. can be serviced
• Able to consistently produce a cleave angle

of 5° or less
• Usually with adjustable / replaceable

cleaver blade cutting wheel
• From $250

Fiber
Fusion Splicing
• A fusion splicer precisely

aligns & melts together two
prepared fiber ends with an
electric arc
• The splice is then reinforced

with a heat-shrink tube

Fusion Splicing
Splice Protectors
• Splicing is a easy way to make

permanent joins in fiber
• 250µm to 250µm
• 250µm to 900µm
• 900µm to 900µm
• Splice protectors are heat shrink

tubes with a metal strip to aid
shrinking & provide rigidity.

Classroom Exercise
Fusion Splicing

Inspection

Fiber Inspection
Unacceptable Multimode Fiber End-faces
Broken Chipped
Over-polished on
Shattered 1st paper
Fiber Inspection
Cleaning & Inspection
Cleaning is vital
Thumb print Dirty
Good factory finish Good factory finish

SM connector MM connector
Fiber Inspection
Inspection of Hand-polished Connectors
Single-mode vs
multimode
Single-mode connectors
are built to a higher Multimode connectors
tolerance. Less visible have more visible
adhesive ring adhesive ring

Fiber Cleaning
Cleaning & Inspection Materials
• Inspection & cleaning of LC, ST, SC & MPO
connectors & adapters requires appropriate
equipment
• Essential equipment of any kit is as Fiber lint-free Cleaning sticks for bulkheads
follows:- wipes
LC
ST/SC
Fiber prep fluid

MPO Inspection scope
ND3801 ACT 1
Lesson 9.0 Installation Planning &
Safety
Planning
Project Management
Project Plan
Site Survey

Planning
A & M Series Plans
Architectural – A Series Plans
Walls
Windows
Ceilings
Doors
Flooring
Furnishings
Mechanical – M Series Plans

HVAC
Plumbing
Risers
Washrooms
Planning
E & S Series Plans
Electrical – E Series Plans
Containment routes
Telecom outlet positions
Power outlet positions
Lighting positions
Risers
Structural – S Series Plans

Heights
Cross sectional views
Doorways
Elevator shafts
Planning
Drawings & Specifications
Drawings Specifications
Manufacturer
Outlet
Type
Part Number
Assignment

Site Survey
Three Parts
• Gathering Information
• Completing the survey
• Evaluating the findings
• Drawings
• Materials List
• Scope of Work (SOW)
• Schedule

Site Survey
Verification & Evaluation
• Spaces & pathways
• Raceways, conduits & cable trays
• Work area outlets
• Firewalls
• Telecommunications rooms
• Equipment rooms
• Entrance facilities
• Grounding & bonding requirements

Site Survey
Ongoing Changes
• Look out for change orders
• Ensure you understand the

new requirements
• Does this impact another

part of the project?

Site Survey
Retrofit Planning
• Full inventory of the existing cabling

installation
• Check original test results against the

cabling now installed.
• Ensure grounding to racks was done
• Check cabling raceways are suitable

for additional cables
• Check equipment room, telecoms

rooms & riser routes
• Check frames have enough space for

any new additional equipment
Site Survey
SOW (Scope of Work) Contains:
• All work to be performed
• Materials to be installed
• Methodology
• Documentation system for the project
• Testing methods
• When & how the installation is to be turned

over to the customer
• Clarifications or understandings.

Site Survey
WBS Work Breakdown Schedule
• Could be a Gant chart or

Microsoft Project
• Task list
• Time schedule
• Staffing requirements
• Site requirements

This completes the Overview
Safety
Thankon Site
You!

Safety Issues
First Aid & CPR
Lifting & Carrying

Emergency Rescue
PPE Personal
Designating Work Areas
Protective Equipment
Tools & Equipment

Site Lighting
Electrical Safety
Fiber Hazards
Ladder Safety

First Aid & CPR
• Project managers or lead

engineers & engineers should
be certified in emergency First
Aid & CPR
• First Aid kit is a minimum

requirement on every site &
should be regularly checked

First Aid & CPR
Portable Eye-wash Stations
• Eye wash kits should be

available throughout site on
each floor of building
• Eyewash kits have limited shelf

life – check at the start of each
project

Emergency Rescue
Six Basic Steps
• Survey the scene
• Notify someone.
• Secure the area
• Perform a preliminary survey of

the victim –Remember ABC
• Call emergency medical

services (EMS). 911
• Perform a secondary survey of

the victim.
A = Airways – Clear? B = Breathing -- Check C = Circulation or Pulse -- Check

Designating Work Areas
Cordon Off Areas
• Ensure public areas are

suitably coned off
• Near corners & doorways

ensure there is sufficient
signage
• Do not cordon off areas

longer than necessary

Hand Tools
Common Sense Rules
• Use each tool for its intended

purpose
• Follow manufacturer’s instructions &

maintenance schedule
• If using a knife, always cut away from

yourself
• Replace worn/broken tools

Power Tools
Common Sense Rules
• Battery tools are easier to use on

site
• Use extension cords equipped

with GFI protectors including
battery chargers
• Never operate power tools without

their safety guards in place
• Avoid blind drilling & sawing
• Use the correct protection

Power Nailers
• Power nailers (powder cartridge)

require users to be licensed &
should NOT be used by untrained
workers
• Always verify that the area is

clear beyond the wall you are
shooting into
• Use the proper hardware & sized

cartridge for the structural
material being anchored

Electrical Safety
• All electrical systems are

potential KILLERS, & ALL
personnel should be
aware of their dangers
• Most fatal electric

shocks do not happen to
the uninitiated - they
happen to people who
should know better

Electrical Safety
Electric Shock
• LOOK – Is the source of the

shock isolated?
• Ensure person is away from
source else you could be
victim too
• If not, use a wooden / handle
or non-conduction object to
move person away
• Begin CPR if person shows
no sign of circulation
• Remember ABC

Communications
Two-way Radios
• When working with radio

communications, be sure to
verify all transmissions
• Several trades may be using

radios sharing your frequency,
which could become very
confusing & possibly life
threatening

Ladder Safety
Ladders
• Designate the work area with

cones & tape
• Use non-conductive ladders for
electrical work
• Inspect ladders prior to use –
look out for defects &
weaknesses
• Do not paint ladders – paint
hides cracks & defects
• Always face the ladder when
climbing
• You’re liable, so never lend or
borrow ladders

Ladder Safety
Ladders
• Inspect ladder is in good condition &

has both non-slip feet in place
• The base of the ladder should extend

out away from the wall 25% of the
ladder’s height - 1m out for every 4m
vertically
• Overlap at least three full sets of

rungs at the ladder’s midpoint
• Ladder should extend at least 1m

(3Ft) above the surface it is
accessing
• Don’t compromise safety
Ladder Safety
Step Ladders
• Open legs, lock rails and

use only on solid level
surfaces
• Never stand on the top

two steps or reach out
beyond the side rails
• Never leave tools or

materials on steps or
rungs

Lifting & Carrying
Physical Lifting
• The “old ailing back” is one of our

most common complaints.
• Lift smoothly without jerky motions
• Lift with your legs & not your back
• Lift up to 23kg (50 lbs) (a full

suitcase) & carry up to 12kg (25 lbs)
• Know your route & do not block your

vision
• Don’t be a hero. Get help with heavy

& awkward loads
PPE Personal Protective Equipment
General
• Regular inspection of PPE is important
• Check for wear, cracks, tears,

punctures, weak joints or other
potential failure signs
• Report any problems to the proper

supervisor
• Never use defective PPE
• The PPE that an engineer is required to

wear depends on the hazards of the
task or those specific to the work site &
of course local, state & national safety
requirements
Hearing Protection
• Three different types of hearing

protective devices.
• Disposable, foam plugs
• Re-usable rubber earplugs.
• Aural (ear muffs)

Other Protection
• When working from man lifts &

buckets, a full body harness
with two lanyards is required
• Also applies to high climbs on

exposed fixed ladders
• Protective gloves must be worn

if working with potentially
abrasive materials
• Suitably protective gloves must

also be worn if working with
chemicals

Site Safety
Site Lighting
• Must be adequate for the tasks

required to be safely completed
• Proper lighting help prevents

accidents & rework
• LED rechargeable portable

lighting is low cost & accessible
• Poor site lighting cannot be an

excuse for poor work

Site Safety
Fiber Optic Equipment
• Only trained personnel should

work with fiber optics
• Fiber systems should be treated

like power:
• Light source equipment should be

de-activated to prevent work on
live circuits

Site Safety
Fiber Optic Safety on Site
• Always wear physical eye

protection when working with
optical fibers
• Dispose of scrap fibers properly,
(not on the back of insulation or
sticky tape)
• You are liable if someone else
gets injured by fiber scraps if
you were last to work in area
• Never eat or drink while working
with fiber

Site Precautions
Site Procedures
• Accidental fiber damage
• Chemical safety
• Eye protection
• Asbestos
COSHH
ND3801 ACT 1Installing Premises
Cabling Systems
Lesson 10.0 Cable Routing &
Horizontal Installation
Horizontal Cabling
Standards – Placement, Organization & Labeling
TIA-569 ISO 14763-2 TIA 606

Horizontal Cabling
Study the plans before starting
• Locate the main equipment room &

telecoms rooms
• Locate risers or potential riser positions
• Identify potential obstructions
• Identify potential cable distribution routes

for containment if required
• Check plan for any unexplained symbols

that might require cabling
• Are there any HVAC, sprinklers, heavy power

cables, or fire barriers

Horizontal Cabling
Separation & EMI Electro Magnetic Interference
• TIA-569 state to maintain 125mm (5in)

distance if running data is parallel to power
• Cross power wiring at right angles
• Avoid placing cable over fluorescent lights

or other potential sources of interference
• Refer to ISO 14763-2 & EN50174-2

standards
Power Data
Data
• Zero separation distance is permitted when
either data or power are enclosed in metal
trunking or conduit
Zero
Separation
Zero
Separation
Horizontal Cabling
Retrofitting
• Retrofitting in older
buildings sometime
makes it difficult to
avoid running data
near power cabling
• Use a cable tracer to

identify possible routes
• Surface mounted
trunking variants can
help

Equipment Room
Example Layout
Backbone Cables From

• Multiple racks or cabinets Building Entrance Area
Backbone Riser
Cables
serving as distribution hub
Overhead
• Location of main active Cable Ducts
equipment
• Incoming cables from network

provider / telecoms
• Distribution to Telecoms
Rooms throughout building
Underfloor Distribution Cross
• Riser cables copper or fiber, or Cabling Connect
both System Common
Equipment

Telecoms Room
Typical Example
• Much smaller than an

Equipment Room
• Usually single cabinets

serving the floor they are
located on, & adjacent to
the building riser for easy
connection
• Could connect to both

copper & fiber backbones
• Do not put fiber panels at

eye level because of
possible eye damage

Racks & Cabinets / Metalwork
Earthing & Grounding
• Ensure all cabinets are

grounded to earth
connection in the room
& comply with the local
• standards
• Qualified electricians
responsibility & results
should be recorded
• Any metal containment

used for the riser
cables or floor
distribution must also
be grounded

Equipment / Telecoms Rooms
Slack Copper Cable
• Organize the slack in

the by forming it into a
‘U’ or ‘S’ shape - or by
figure-eighting
• The cable should be

easily accessible for
any additions
• If cable tied - not too

tight – Velcro preferred

Cable Containment – Above Ceiling
Multiple Supports Available

Cable Containment – Support Above Ceiling
Not acceptable
• Ceiling supports are

there to hold up the
ceiling. Not to support
cables
• Cable ties here are too

tight & crushing cable
jacket
• Do not use narrow

cable ties or bridle
rings – keep all
supports as smooth as
possible

Cable Containment – Above Ceiling
Cable Sag
• Spacing between J
hooks or supports
should be 1.2m (4ft)
• Cables should sag

between supports but
that should be less
than 300mm (1ft)
• Cables should be
supported at least
75mm (3in) about the
suspended ceiling

Cable Containment
Ladder Rack
• Ladder rack is ideal

for high density of
cables providing easy
access to multiple
drop off locations
• More expensive than

cable tray but heavy
duty
• Requires good fixings

usually with threaded
rod to ceiling or
beams

Cable Containment
Cable Basket & Tray
• Tray & basket more compact

than ladder rack
• Cable basket is practical

allowing easy route changes
• Basket is lighter than tray or

ladder rack
• Some manufacturers offer

flexible bendable basket for
easy routing through
crowded ceiling voids

Cable Management
Cable on Reels
• Cables on reels should use

dispensing method that are
safe
• Reel dispensers or rollers

are ideal for single reels
• Reel dispenser trees for

multiple cable reels
• A broom handle through a

reel is a health & safety
issue

Horizontal Cable Installation

Planning the Installation
Placing Methods & Routes
CAM
RISER
• Typical floor plan Telecoms

with two single Room
offices & a large
LIGHT
LIGHT
LIGHT
LIGHT
LIGHT
open plan area with
power poles
• Best way to serve

these areas is using
cable tray / basket
LIGHT
LIGHT
LIGHT
LIGHT
through ceiling void
LADDER RACK / TRAY
• Always run data
LIGHT
LIGHT
cables at 90 degrees POWER POLE POWER POLE
to power cables not

LIGHT
LIGHT
in parallel
LIGHT
LIGHT
Installation
Cable Installation
CAM
RISER
• The cabling to the Telecoms

camera is excessive Room
LIGHT
LIGHT
LIGHT
LIGHT
LIGHT
• Direct cabling here
would make more
sense
• Always pull the

longest runs first
LIGHT
LIGHT
LIGHT
LIGHT
LADDER RACK / TRAY
LIGHT
LIGHT
POWER POLE POWER POLE

LIGHT
LIGHT
LIGHT
LIGHT
Installation
Cable installation into Ceilings
• Care must be taken

to ensure the cables
are not scraped,
scored or kinked
• There is no excuse
for damaging cables
Access chute into Cable roller

ceiling void
Installation
Cable Installation
CAM
RISER
• Label cables at three positions.

On the end, at 500mm, 1m & on
the box
LIGHT
LIGHT
LIGHT
LIGHT
LIGHT
• Tape cables together for each
destination point & feed up onto
tray
LIGHT
LIGHT
LIGHT
LIGHT
• Do not exceed bend radius 4 x
for UTP or FTP cables
LADDER RACK / TRAY
• Use helpers at each direction
LIGHT
LIGHT
POWER POLE POWER POLE
change
LIGHT
LIGHT
LIGHT
LIGHT
• After installation secure cables
to tray using loose ties or Velcro
Planning the Installation
Pulling cables
• Leave slack at the outlet approx
0.5m (18in)
• In TR room leave enough cable to

run from entry point of room, along
conveyance to cabinet /rack up to
patch panel position plus 1m (3ft)
• Remember to re-label cables when

cutting off at box/reel

Installation
Conduit Cable Installation
• If conduit is already installed by a third
party check the installation. Bushed
— How many bends? ends
— Are the ends bushed?
— Have draw wires been left in?
— Are there any sharp pieces of metal
that could cause damage
• Do not overfill the conduit. The cables

should be able to move freely
• Do not use lubricants on any internal

CommScope cables as this will void
the warranty
‘Stub-out’ conduits above ceiling
• If pull boxes are used, pull to each box with 90 degree bend dropping to
in turn wall boxes on both sides of wall
Locating & Cutting Holes
Dry-wall Installation
• Mark the location

ensuring it is the
same height as the
other outlets in the
room
• Unless you are

certain that the void
is clear behind, use a
stud locator to
check for any other
services
• Using a drywall knife, or
saw, cut the opening.

Alternate Routing Methods
Surface Mount Raceway & Behind Baseboard
• Surface mount raceway is

very popular in high
density office areas
allowing multiple power &
data outlets at desk height
• Skirting / baseboard
trunking is used at floor-
level – various designs &
sizes
• Cornice trunking can be

used at ceiling level to
hide cables

Fiber Optic Outlets
• If installing fiber
connectors into outlets,
the connectors must be
inspected & cleaned as
part of the sign-off
• Ensure that fiber polarity is

maintained - TX/RX
• Ensure that bungs or dust

caps are fitted to prevent
contamination

ND3801 ACT I
Lesson 11.0 Vertical Cable
Installation
Vertical Installation
Riser
• A riser is a pathway
between floors
5 ladder
sleeves through
4
slab
• The vertical network
backbone is run up through
the risers
3
• The risers are usually
stacked vertically above
one another in a building 2
• Vertical network backbone
is run up through the risers 1
& normally links to cabinet Equipment
on each floor Room

Conduits & Sleeves
• TIA-569 calls for 5 sleeves of

100mm (4in) or conduits
between floors plus an extra
one per 40002 m (40,0002 ft)
• An alternative, one slot of Think I should have

0.04²m (60² in) plus an checked before drilling!
increase of 0.04²m (60²in) for
each additional 4,000²m
(40,000² ft.)d
• ALWAYS consult a structural

engineer before drilling. It’s
usually easier to employ
professional contractor
Conveyance or Support
• Riser cable should be

supported by a ladder or
another type of conveyance
• The conveyance should be

attached to the wall or floor
ensuring it is properly bonded
to the telecommunications
grounding bus bar, per TIA-607

Pulling Vertical Cables
• Backbone cables can be pulled

from bottom to top but it’s
5 Wire-mesh grip
easier to let gravity do the work attached to
by setting the reel up at the top
of the riser
4 conveyance
• Install a wire mesh grip to

temporarily support cable
3
• Use a reeler with a brake to 2
regulate the cable fall
• Remember to label cable

1
especially if installing several ER
drops
Pulling Vertical Cables
• Large, heavy cables should be

pulled no more than three floors
5
at a time.
• Attach a pull rope or string to the

4
cable to help guide it as it
unreels 3
Use the length of the cable tray
2
•
along which the cable is laid,
plus 3m (10ft) & then add a
further 3m (10ft) for a slack loop
1
ER

Form the Slack
• Pull about 20m (66ft) of cable

onto the 2nd floor here
5
• Place the pull rope & cable end 4
through a wire mesh grip attached
Wire-mesh grip
to the ladder
3 attached to
conveyance
• Form a slack loop above the grip & use cable
ties to fasten it to the ladder, then pull or drop
the remaining cable to the Equipment Room
2
• If pulling copper cable, do not coil on itself, as 1
this will create an induction loop ER

Pulling Up the Riser
• Requires a properly secured winch

5
• Install pull rope down riser ensuring it
is free from obstructions 4
• Attach the pull rope to the cable
• Ensure pulling winch & cable reel are

3
both manned using cell or mobile radio
communications 2
Take it slowly & always pay out more
1
•
cable than you think you need
ER

Fire-stopping
• Firestop the penetration with a

substance that matches the fire
barrier capabilities of the floor
through which it is passing
• Can be fire pillows, putty’s,

caulks or fire foam fillers
• In unsure of correct method, Fire Putty

consult a fire penetration
specialist Fire Pillows
• Label the cable as

“telecommunications cable” at
least every 1.8m (6 ft) either side
of the fire stop.
© 2020 CommScope, Inc and Cabling Science ltd. Images Courtesy of 3M 256
Horizontal Installation
• In buildings where the

telecommunications rooms are
not stacked, the cable may have
to be pulled horizontally between
risers.
• In non-plenum ceilings, riser-
rated cable may be laid in
conveyance or placed in J-hooks.
• A plenum-rated cable will be
required if passing through a
plenum space.
• Local codes may be more strict
so take precedence
© 2020 CommScope, Inc and Cabling Science ltd. Images Courtesy of 3M 257
Alternative Vertical Backbone Installations
Vertical & Horizontal Routes
5
• Vertical pathways do not
have to go through a TR
• Riser-rated cable can be

pulled between floors 4
through the ceiling void.
• Plenum cable may be 3

required
• Always support vertical 2

drops
1
ER

Alternative Vertical Backbone Installations
Running Fiber Externally
Drilled holes
5
• Fiber cables can be run
should slant
vertically down the outside downwards to
of the buildings in this is outside
practical
4
• Ensure cable is
internal/external rated with
a black uv resistant jacket 3
2
Form
• Holes drilled to the exterior drip
should be angled down to loop at
prevent ingress of water entry
• At lower position a drip

1 point
loop should be installed ER

ND3801 ACT I
Lesson 12.0 Administration &
Warranty
Administration
Cable Management
• Management is essential
• CommScope make
patchcords in other colors
apart from yellow
• QUESTION. After how

many ports on a rack or
cabinet without side
management, should you
fit cord management
panels?
• ANSWER. After every 48
ports on a rack or cabinet
without side management
Administration
Effective Administration is Essential for..
• The installer. (It’s in your

interest to make sure that
your installation is
manageable in every way)
• The customer (They will

want it east to administer
too)
• Future maintenance
providers (Time is money)
• Moves, Adds, & Changes

(MAC) orders

Administration
Standards Requirement
• Administration standards are

TIA 606 & ISO 14763
• These specify that each

component will have a
unique identifier, linked to a
unique telecommunications
record.
• TIA-606 also requires that

cabling records be linked to
the corresponding records
for the building, the system,
the equipment & the user.

ANSI/TIA-606 Administration
Scope
Specifies administration for a
generic telecommunications
cabling system
Administration Classes
Horizontal Cabling
Accommodates Scale
Backbone Cabling
Grounding & Bonding Allows Modular Implementation
Pathways & Spaces

Specifies Identifiers
Fire-stopping
Specifies Labeling Formats

ANSI/TIA-606 Administration
Three Primary Elements
Documents Abbreviation
details of each system (Key) for
Identifier
network finding parts of
component the network
Record Label
Placed on each
component as
identifier

TIA-606 Classes of Administration
Small network served by

Class 1
single TR or ER
Single building network

Class 2
connected with backbone
Class 3 Typical single campus

environment
Class 4 Multi-site enterprise

network

Horizontal Cabling Identification
2C-AB02
Floor 2
Telecommunications Room C
Patch Panel AB
Position 02

Intrabuilding Backbone Cabling Identification
1B/2C-01.48
Floor 1
Equipment Room B
Floor 2
Telecommunications Room C
Cable 01
Pair (If copper) 48

Backbone Identifier (Required for Class 3 & 4)
Class 3 Campus Class 4 Multi-site
B21B / 2C - 01 C3B21B / 2C - 01
Campus 3
Building 2
Building 2
Floor 1
Equipment Room B Floor 1
Equipment Room B
Floor 2
Telecoms Room C Floor 2
Telecoms Room C
Cable 01
Cable 01
Cabling Labeling
TIA 606 Labels must be Mechanically Generated
• Must be within 300mm

(12in) of termination
• Easily visible
• Labels must be
resistant
• Hand-written labels
not allowed

Outlet Labeling
Work Area Label

Port Icon – Data 1
Port Icon – Data 2

Rack & Patch Panel Labeling
Rack 2C
01 02 03 04 05 06 07
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 0
01 02 03 04 05 06 07

Copper Color Coded Labeling
Cabling Element Color Code

Horizontal Blue
Backbone Riser (1st level) White
Backbone Tie (2nd Level) Grey
Equipment (PBX’, Switches, etc Purple
Backbone Campus Brown
Network Interface (Customer side) Green
Network Interface (Central office) Orange
Auxiliary Circuits, Alarms Yellow

Key Telephone systems Red

Administration TIA Standard
Documentation & Records
• Should include both copper &

fiber test results
• A parts lists, e.g. component

manufacturer, switches, etc.
• Marked up plans showing

outlet positions
• Schematic plan allowing a

quick overview

Identification of Other Elements
TIA Standards Documentation
• Grounding & Bonding Test

Results – A qualified
electrician must supply this
documentation
• As part of your inspection,

check every & all all metal
containment is earthed
SBB – Secondary
PBB - Primary Busbar
Busbar One in each TR

Copper Solutions Warranty Checklist
NETCONNECT
• 90 days to submit project for warranty
• Accurate end user, project & bill of
materials
• Continuity wiremap for all links
• Electrical performance field testing
(optional)
• Field testing results (no failures accepted)
• Correct test limits have been selected
• An approved CommScope tester must be
used
• Test results should be in tester’s native
format

That completes this course Thank You

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ND3801 ACT I

Installing Premises Cabling Systems

© 2020 CommScope, Inc and Cabling Science ltd. September 2020 1

Type of Media Construction Application

Copper Unshielded UTP Horizontal

Fast but limited

Fast with wide

© 2020 CommScope, Inc and Cabling Science ltd. 3

© 2020 CommScope, Inc and Cabling Science ltd. 4

F/FTP also known as

© 2020 CommScope, Inc and Cabling Science ltd. 5

• Standards bodies set the parameters

© 2020 CommScope, Inc and Cabling Science ltd. 6

• The loss of power as a signal travels along a cable expressed in

© 2020 CommScope, Inc and Cabling Science ltd. 7

• Many test results are measured in dB’s

• e.g. NEXT, Return Loss & ACR

© 2020 CommScope, Inc and Cabling Science ltd. 10

• Twisted Pair – Expressed in MHz

• Fiber - Expressed in MHz.km

• Measured in bits or bites per second

• Calculation of data over a timed period

• E.g. 1Gb Ethernet = 1Gb data per second

© 2020 CommScope, Inc and Cabling Science ltd. 11

• Good balancing ensures –

• Net emissions are minimized

• Robust rejection of noise

Net Emission = 0 External Noise Noise is rejected

-1V One pair of wires in a 4 +1V +N

© 2020 CommScope, Inc and Cabling Science ltd. 12

• Poor termination e.g. untwisted pairs causes the

• Repair can usually be made by re-termination

© 2020 CommScope, Inc and Cabling Science ltd. 13

• Three pairs affecting a single pair

© 2020 CommScope, Inc and Cabling Science ltd. 14

• Usually caused by damage to installed cable

• Could also be caused by mis matched components

© 2020 CommScope, Inc and Cabling Science ltd. 15

© 2020 CommScope, Inc and Cabling Science ltd. Delay Skew 16

© 2020 CommScope, Inc and Cabling Science ltd. 17

• Powersummation of the ‘noise’ coming from multiple

© 2020 CommScope, Inc and Cabling Science ltd. 18

• When running 10G-BASE-T cables parallel to

• It refers to the undesired coupling of signals

• Or put simply, every pair in every adjacent

• This is why the jackets of Cat 6A cables are

© 2020 CommScope, Inc and Cabling Science ltd. 19

• 10G copper cabling is

• Fiber can run 100G over

• Fiber has much higher

© 2020 CommScope, Inc and Cabling Science ltd. 20

• PoE devices are

• Bundles will heat

• Check with your

© 2020 CommScope, Inc and Cabling Science ltd. 21

© 2020 CommScope, Inc and Cabling Science ltd. September 2020 22

© 2020 CommScope, Inc and Cabling Science ltd. 23

• Number of connected devices per

Cabling 20+ years

• Cabling is the lowest IT cost % of new build

Servers Software Computers Cabling Bad initial choice

© 2020 CommScope, Inc and Cabling Science ltd. 27

• Easy to make MAC’s

© 2020 CommScope, Inc and Cabling Science ltd. 28