limited data, that a modification to the 1998 EC8 expression given by

0.25
 0.07 
Rξ =   (29)
 0.02 + ξ 

might be appropriate. Some qualified support for Eq.(29) is available in Bommer and Mendis
(2005) which provides additional discussion of this topic.
M = 7.5
2000

Spectral Displacement (mm)

1600

1200

800 M = 7.0

400
M = 6.5
M = 6.0
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
Period (seconds)
(a) r = 10 km

2000
Spectral Displacement (mm)

1600

1200
M = 7.5

800

400 M = 7.0
M = 6.5
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
Period (seconds)
(b) r = 20 km

2000
Spectral Displacement (mm)

1600

1200

800
M = 7.5
400
M = 7.0
M = 6.5
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
Period (seconds)
(c) r = 40 km

Fig.10 Influence of Magnitude and Distance on 5% Damped Displacement Spectra for Firm Ground
Using Eqs.(24) and (25) [after Faccioli et al (2005)]

BRIEF NOTES ON OTHER DDBD ISSUES

Space limitations do not allow adequate coverage of the many additional aspects covered in

20