DELHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

&
MANAGEMENT
Ganaur, Sonipat (Haryana)

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

FINAL YEAR MINOR PROJECT (2018-22)

PROJECT SYNOPSIS
PROJECT ON: -
Design and Construction of Check Dam for Irrigation and Recharge of Ground
water at Khari Nadi, GWALIOR Road (NH-3), Agra

Under the guidance of

Er. Faculty Shashank Shekhar Civil Engg. Dept.

SUBMITTED BY: -

Name: - INDRAJEET KUMAR

Roll no: - 00127803418
Year: - 4th year
 INTRODUCTION

Khari river which flows through village Kurra Chittarpur, Block-

Shamsabad, Distt. -Agra (U.P). The Khari Nadi is also a tributary of Utangan
draining the parts of Kiraoli and Shamshabad tehsils.

Many villages are dependent on the water of Khari River for general
water requirement for cattle as well as irrigation. Village Kurra Chittarpur is one
of them. Since the climate of this area is warm and the ground water table is falling
down at fast rate, it has been mandatory to construct some project to recharge the
ground water table and store the water to provide water to villagers and farmers
for domestic and irrigation purposes.

For fulfilling the above requirement, it has been proposed to construct

a check dam at river Khari in village Kurra-Chittarpur. On the basis of preliminary
survey this site has been found most suitable since no cultivated land will be
required and there will be no loss to any farmer so far. On completion this dam
will ensure the availability of water for the proposed area for irrigation throughout
the year.

Hence, under above circumstances check dam project has been selected
under name ‘project for construction of check dam at Khari River, Village-Kurra-
Chittarpur, Block- Shamsabad , District-Agra (U.P).
 DETAILS OF PROJECT AREA

This site for proposed check dam under this project is actual site on
which construction of check dam is proposed by MINOR IRRIGATION
DEPARTMENT of Agra. During financial year 2011-12 the selection of site was
done by MINOR IRRIGATION DEPARTMENT,
Agra and the survey of the site has been done with assistance of Minor Irrigation
Department, Agra in which following details have been prepared-

1)L-section of the site. 2)Cross-section

of the site. 3)Catchment Area of the

site

These details are enclosed with this project report. With the help of this data the
maximum discharge for design purpose by different formulaes has been
calculated and given below.

(I) Location of site

NAME OF PROJECT: –CONSTRUCTION OF CHECK DAM

VILLAGE: – KURRA CHITTARPUR
BLOCK: - SHAMSABAD
DIST: -AGRA
NAME OF RIVER: -KHARI
WITH ASSISTANCE FROM: -
MINOR IRRIGATION
DEPARTMENT(U.P.)
 A) Site plan

B) Photographs
Image-1: proposed site Khari Nadi

Image-2: proposed site Khari Nadi

Image-3: proposed site Khari Nadi

(II) Basic Details

Catchment Area - 474 sq km

Slope of river bed - 0.0006
Cross section area - 48.3 sq m
Wetted perimeter - 23.43 m

Types of Soil

Left Bank - Alluvial soil

Right bank - Alluvial soil
Bed - Alluvial Soil
(III) Catchment Area Details
The drainage system of the area is controlled by the river Yamuna and its
tributaries. All the rivers are mainly flowing in accordance with the general slope
of the land surface viz. northwest to southwest, therefore it is consequent type and
broadly exhibiting the ‘Dendritic type’ of drainage pattern. The main southern
bank tributaries of Yamuna River are Utangan or Gambhir & Khari.
The Khari Nadi is also a tributary of Utangan draining the parts of Kiraoli and
Shamshabad tehsils.

(III) CL IMATE
The climate of Agra features a semi-arid climate that borders
on a humid subtropical climate. The city features mild winters, hot and dry
summers and a monsoon season. However, the monsoons, though substantial in
Agra, are not quite as heavy as the monsoon in other parts of India. Agra has a
reputation of being one of the hottest towns in India; hottest in terms of both,
tourist destination as well as temperature. In summers the city witnesses a sudden
surge in temperature and at times, mercury go beyond even 46°C mark. The
humidity is appalling and is sure to leave you puffing and panting. During the
summers, the daytime temperature hovers around 40-46°C. Nights are relatively
cooler and mercury dips to a comfortable 30°C. It rains scantly during the
monsoons as Agra falls in a semi-arid region. The annual average rainfall never
goes beyond 400 millimeters. Winters are bit chilly but are the best time to visit
Agra. The minimum temperature sometimes goes as low as 2-3°C but usually
hovers in the range of 7- 8°C. Days are pleasant and best to roam around the
historical city. Winter is the best season to visit Agra, when days are warm and
sunny and ideal for sightseeing.

Factors: -
The monsoon and the Western Disturbance are the two main factors which alter
the weather over Agra; otherwise, Continental air prevails for rest of the year, like
most cities of North western India, the weather and climate of Agra is extreme
and tropical in nature. Following are the main factors that influence the weather
over Agra city.

• Western Disturbances mostly occur during the winter months and

cause light to moderate showers, temperature also decreases due to it.
• Southwest Monsoon occurs in summer from the month of June till
September. Monsoon rains bring much awaited relief from the scorching heat.
These monsoon rains are quite heavy by nature and can cause significant
flooding.

• Continental air prevails during the period when there is no

precipitation in Agra.

Monthly weather conditions: -

Like other cities, Agra has four seasons: winter (Dec- Feb), summer (May-Sept), autumn
(Oct-Nov) and spring (March-April). The monsoon season occurs in the summer. The
following is a monthly summary of climatic conditions in Agra based on data from the
India Meteorological Department.
January
The month of January is the coldest month of the city, Western Disturbance also occur in
this month coming from Northern Pakistan. The highest temperature recorded was 26.1
°C (79.0 °F) in 1932. The lowest temperature recorded was 5.3 °C (41.5 °F) in 2000 and
the highest monthly rainfall recorded was 51.8 millimeters (2.04 in) in 1947.
February
Cold conditions continue until the middle of February, after that the weather becomes
settled and pleasant. Winter showers also occur in this month. The highest temperature
recorded was 29.1 °C (84.4 °F) in 1993. The lowest temperature recorded was 7.1 °C (44.8
°F) in 1932 and the highest monthly rainfall recorded was 506.2 millimeters (19.93 in) in
1980.
March
Hot and dry weather returns during March. The Highest temperature recorded was 35.4
°C (95.7 °F) in 1994. The lowest temperature recorded was 10.7 °C (51.3 °F) in 2000 and
the highest monthly rainfall recorded was 45.7 millimeters (1.80 in) in 1944.
April
Temperatures start to rise in this month. The highest temperature recorded was 41.1 °C
(106.0 °F) in 1921. The lowest temperature recorded was 16.4 °C (61.5 °F) in 1999 and the
highest monthly rainfall recorded was 61.8 millimeters (2.43 in) in 1984.
May
May is the hottest month of Agra city. The highest temperature recorded was 44.6 °C
(112.3 °F) in 1921. The lowest temperature recorded was
18.6 °C (65.5 °F) in 1999 and the highest monthly rainfall recorded was
62.0 millimeters (2.44 in) in 1987.
June
It remains hot but during the middle or end of June pre-monsoon showers can start. The
highest temperature recorded was 43.3 °C (109.9 °F) in 1924. The lowest temperature
recorded was 17.5 °C (63.5 °F) in 1999 and the highest monthly rainfall recorded was
355.8 millimeters (14.01 in) in 1952.
July
Monsoon season starts in July. The highest temperature recorded was
40.7 °C (105.3 °F) in 1911. The lowest temperature recorded was 19.6
°C (67.3 °F) in 2000 and highest monthly rainfall recorded was 551.2 millimeters (21.70
in) in 1994.
August
August is the wettest month of Agra city. The highest temperature recorded was 37.4 °C
(99.3 °F) in 1987. The lowest temperature recorded was 16.7 °C (62.1 °F) in 1999 and the
highest monthly rainfall recorded was 617.7 millimeters (24.32 in) in 1957.
September
The intensity of rainstorm decreases in the month of September as monsoon starts to
withdraw. The highest temperature recorded was 38.4
°C (101.1 °F) in 1913. The lowest temperature recorded was 17.1 °C (62.8 °F) in 1999 and
highest monthly rainfall recorded was 609.0 millimeters (23.98 in) in 1939.
October
Post-monsoon rains could occur in this month. The highest temperature recorded was
36.1 °C (97.0 °F) in 1993. The lowest temperature recorded was 14.6 °C (58.3 °F) in 1999
and the Highest monthly rainfall recorded was 268.7 millimeters (10.58 in) in 1911.
November
It is the driest month of the city. The highest temperature recorded was
30.7 °C (87.3 °F) in 1987. The lowest temperature recorded was 8.0 °C (46.4 °F) in 1999
and the highest monthly rainfall recorded was 75.9 millimeters (2.99 in) in 1969.
December
Winter season begins in this month. The highest temperature recorded was 25.8 °C (78.4
°F) in 1992. The lowest temperature recorded was 3.7
°C (38.7 °F) in 1999 and the highest monthly rainfall recorded was 62.6 millimeters (2.46
in) in 1967.

Impact of climate change

Due to the threat posed by global warming, the pollution has been turning the Taj Mahal
into yellow in colour. To help control the pollution, the Indian government has set up the
Taj Trapezium Zone (TTZ), an unknown operator: u','-square-kilometer (unknown
operator: u'strong'unknown operator: u','sq mi) area around the monument where strict
emissions standards are in place.

(IV) Topography and important features of area

The area of Agra district occupies marginal alluvial plane of
Yamuna and Chambal rivers. The area is more or less flat and gentle sloping
from northwest to southeast. Altitude of the area generally varies from 120 to
190 mamsl. The alluvial plain covers the entire part of our project area i.e.,
shamsabad and is characterized by more or less flat topography. It is a tract of
fertile land mainly constituted of clay, silt, sand and gravel.
 Agriculture Production in District Agra
http://agra.nic.in/agriprod.htm

S.No. Name of Crop Year Area Production Productivity (In

Covered ( Quintal/ Hect.)
(In Hect.) In Thousand
Metric Tons)
1 Wheat 2002-03 129700 428284 32.99

2 Barley 2002-03 9806 31122 30.89

3 Gram 2002-03 1886 7447 10.47

4 Peas 2002-03 308 638 16.66

5 Masoor 2002-03 42 586 9.75

6 Arhar 2002-03 959 3422 8.52

7 Rai/Mustard 2002-03 55055 90695 11.88

8 Rice 2002-03 858 1900 16.75

9 Corn 2002-03 111 518 11.77

10 Bajra 2002-03 254 154781 15.93

Source: ZSP-2004 Agra

(V) Area Statistics of District Agra

About Agra:

Agra (located27° 10′ 48″ N, 78° 1′ 12″ E) is a city on the banks of the river Yamuna in the
northern state of Uttar Pradesh, India, 363 kilometers (226 mi) west of state capital,
Lucknow and 200 kilometers south from national capital New Delhi. With a population
 of 1,686,976 (2010 est.), Agra's
Taj Mahal is one of the most famous buildings in the world, the mausoleum of Shah
Jahan's favorite wife, Mumtaz Mahal. It is one of the New Seven Wonders of the world,
and one of three World Heritage Sites in Agra.

it is one of the most populous cities in Uttar Pradesh and the 19th most populous in India
because 80 percent of the city's sewage flows into Yamuna River, it is 20th most polluted
city in India. Agra can also refer to the administrative district that has its headquarters in
Agra city.

The geographical features of the study area may be classified broadly into human and
physical characteristics. The physiography, drainage, climate and soils are the main
physical feature. Whereas the land use, agriculture, irrigation and pollution are the basic
subjects under the human geographical features.

The area of Agra district occupies marginal alluvial plain of Yamuna and Chambal River.
The area is more less flat gently sloping from northwest to southwest. The altitude of the
area generally varies from 120 to 190 mamsl. Geomorphologically the entire study area
may be divided into four-unit s viz. Alluvial pains, Ravines, Structural valley and
structural hills. The Alluvial plain covers the major part of the district and it's
characterized by more or less flat topography with the landform like dry river beds, older
meanders, meanders scar and oxbow lakes. It is a tract of fertile land mainly constituted
of clay, silt, sand, gravel and secondarily developed kankar concretions.

SOILS:
The soils of the area exhibit great variance mainly due to the influence of
different river and variation in provenance of sediments. On the basis of
constitution, physical & chemical properties and texture, the soils of the district
may be classified may broadly into the six main categories.

Agra-1 Type Soils:

Agra-1 Type Soils are occurring adjacent the bank of Yamuna in Agra,
Fatehabad, Etmadpur and Bah tehsils. It has coarse sandy texture and grey
texture to ash grey colour.

Agra -2 Type Soils:

Agra -2 Type Soils are occurring in undulating topographical upland of
karaoli, Khiragarh and Fatehabad tehsils. It is light texture brownish to yellowish
coloured soil and dry in appearance. Jawar, Bajra, and Arhar are the main crops
grown in this soil.
Agra -3 Type Soils:
Agra -3 Type Soils are mainly occurring in uneven to plain region along Khari
River. This type soil is loamy to clayey loam texture, grey brown coloured soil of
good granular structure with occasional occurrence of Kankar pan.

Agra -4 Type Soils:

Agra -4 Type Soils mainly occurs in the depression, and has been
insignificantly found in the area of study. It generally fine textured very hard &
compact grey to dark grey in colour.

Agra -5 Type Soils:

Agra -5 Type Soils has been developed in ravenous tracts of Chambal River
in Bah tehsil. It is fine textured, black coloured soil of highly calcareous nature,
and generally develops numerous cracks & fissures on drying.

Agra -6 Type Soils:

Soil is mainly found in south &southwestern corners of Khairagarh in parts
of Kiraoli tehsils. It generally occurs adjacent rocky out crops near Fatehpur Sikri
and is comprised of mainly undecomposed fragments of sand stones. This
reddish-brown soil is sandy in texture.

Area statics data of distt. Agra

Sr. No. Name Total Net Gross Net Gross

Of Area Sawn Sawn Irrigated Irrigate
Blocks Area Area Area d Area

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

2006-07 398970 283363 410000 249982 266157

2007-08 398970 282239 414221 253895 270547
2008-09 398970 284308 416275 256444 278796
2008-
09/
Block -
wise
1. Fathehpur 29335 24887 36493 24094 26262
sikri
 2. Achanera 28204 23263 35957 22099 25855

3. Akola 17133 14097 21531 13785 15845

4. Bicthpuri 11927 6493 9527 6326 7549

5. Barauli 23988 17520 28955 17510 19988

Ahir
6. Khandauli 21593 17327 25373 16768 17992
7. Ethmabad 22070 19217 28728 18988 20491

8. Jagner 29276 20112 24290 14718 14778

9. Kheragarh 24782 20100 27733 18603 19846

10. Sainya 23252 19499 26997 18001 18603

11. Shamsabad 26183 22839 35027 20614 23552

12. Fatehabad 34046 25068 39686 22276 23991

13. Pinahat 28940 16814 21758 12517 12364

14. Bah 27116 16165 24287 13300 13180

15. Jaitpur 30566 14528 20965 10784 12541
Kalan
TOTAL 378411 277929 407307 250383 272337
OF
RURAL
TOTAL 20559 6379 8968 6061 6459
OF
URBAN
TOTAL
OF 398970 284308 416275 256444 278796
DISTRIC
T

VI)Stage of groundwater Development of the

Area(U.P.)year 2009
Sr. Developmnt Fall in Fall in Groundwater Category
no
block groundwat groundwat usage (%)
er er
level pre level post
monsoon monsoon
(yes/no) (yes/no)

1 Achnera No No 73.40 Semi

critical
2 Akola Yes Yes 179.16 Overexploi
ted
3 Bah No No 68.18 Safe
4 Barauli Ahir No No 161.12 Overexploi
ted
5 Bichpuri No Yes 115.81 Overexploi
ted
6 Etmadpur Yes Yes 84.37 Semi
Critical
7 Fatehabad Yes Yes 88.53 Semi
Critical
8 Fatehpur Yes Yes 113.56 Overexploi
Sikri ted
9 Jagner Yes Yes 89.27 Semi
Critical
10 Jaitpur Kalan No NO 45.40 Safe
11 Khandoli Yes Yes 118.29 Overexploi
ted
12 Khairagarh No Yes 80.49 Semi
critical
13 Pinahat No No 52.26 Safe
14 Saiyan Yes Yes 99.07 Critical
15 Shamsabad Yes Yes 139.53 overexploit
ed
Total 100.56
As We see that in the 15th number that our area of project i.e., shamsabad is over
exploited, so we need to take necessary actions to maintain the groundwater
level and recharge it. So, we need to construct a check dam on Khari River
(which is a prime source of water in the village.

(VII) Area irrigated by Different Sources

Sr. Yea Nahe Tube W Pon Other TOTAL

r/ wells ell
No. r ds s
Blo s
cks Sta Self
te
Go
vt.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
2006- 3093 565 211645 1015 577 159 249982
07 0 6 216028 0 424 45 253859
2007- 30151 724 223359 0 329 197 256444
08 2947 7
2008- 3 308
09 6
BLOC
KS
2008
-09
1. Fatheh 6948 0 16920 0 29 197 24094
pur
sikri

2. Achaner 8083 0 13953 0 63 0 22099

a
3. Akola 2585 0 11144 0 56 0 13785

4. Bicthpur 1275 0 5051 0 0 0 6326

i
5. Barauli 1173 0 16337 0 0 0 17510
Ahir
6. Khandau 0 0 16768 0 0 0 16768
li
7. Ethmaba 180 0 18808 0 0 0 18988
d
8. Jagner 453 0 14218 0 47 0 14718

9. Kheraga 4319 0 14150 0 134 0 18603

rh
10.. Sainya 593 0 17408 0 0 0 18001

11. Shamsab 408 42 20164 0 0 0 20614

ad
12. Fatehaba 0 0 22276 0 0 0 22276
d
13. Pinahat 1055 1439 10023 0 0 0 12517
14. Bah 711 945 11644 0 0 0 13300

15. Jait 1017 600 9167 0 0 0 10784

pur
Kal
an
TOTA
L OF 2880 302 281031 0 329 197 250383
RUR 0 6
AL
5328 0 0 0 6061
TOTA 673 60
L OF
URBA
N
(VIII) Proposed Project

We Can see that the Shamsabad Block of Agra District is over

exploited in terms of stage groundwater development. The area is known for its
various crop produce in huge amount and the irrigation source for e.g.,
construction of deep wells and tube wells have now been stopped/banned by the
irrigation department of the state because of the decline in water level. So, the
only way to recharge groundwater and provide water for irrigation purposes and
other purposes is the construction of a check dam at a proper site which would
yield water supply round the year which could be used for irrigation of crops as
well as domestic purpose for villagers.

This check dam will also be used for purpose of storage of water
for irrigation of cultivated land during dry season, reduce scarcity of water during
summer season and to imply rain water harvesting.

(IX) Cross Section and L-section

Cross section table

S.no Distance I.S HI R.L

1 21 0.06 100.82 100.76
2 20 0.04 100.82 100.78
3 19 0.09 100.82 100.73
4 18 -1.14 100.82 101.96
5 17 0.06 100.82 100.76
6 16 0.16 100.82 100.66
7 15 0.27 100.82 100.55
8 14 0.35 100.82 100.47
9 13 0.46 100.82 100.36
10 12 0.55 100.82 100.27
11 11 0.66 100.82 100.16
12 10 0.84 100.82 99.98
13 9 1.12 100.82 99.7
14 8 1.25 100.82 99.57
15 7 1.54 100.82 99.28
16 6 1.8 100.82 99.02
17 5 2.37 100.82 98.45
18 4 3.25 100.82 97.57
19 3 4.1 100.82 96.72
20 2 3.66 100.82 97.16
21 1 4.57 100.82 96.25
22 0 4.31 100.82 96.51
23 1 3.45 100.82 97.37
24 2 2.38 100.82 98.44
25 3 2.08 100.82 98.74
26 4 1.98 100.82 98.84
27 5 1.86 100.82 98.96
28 6 1.81 100.82 99.01
29 7 1.72 100.82 99.1
30 8 1.67 100.82 99.15
31 9 0.91 100.82 99.91
32 10 0.83 100.82 99.99
33 11 0.74 100.82 100.08
34 12 0.64 100.82 100.18
35 13 0.53 100.82 100.29
36 14 0.46 100.82 100.36
37 15 0.37 100.82 100.45
38 16 0.24 100.82 100.58
39 17 0.2 100.82 100.62
40 18 0.12 100.82 100.7
41 19 0.07 100.82 100.75
42 20 -1.28 100.82 102.1
43 21 0 100.82 100.82
44 22 -0.02 100.82 100.84

L- section table
S.no distance HI I.S.R.B IS.L.B I.S Bed RL RB RLLB RL BED
1 400 100.82 0.59 0.43 4.79 100.23 100.39 96.03
2 300 100.82 0.36 0.34 4.72 100.46 100.48 96.1
3 200 100.82 0.33 0.36 4.66 100.49 100.46 96.16
4 100 100.82 0.22 0.32 4.62 100.6 100.5 96.2
5 0 100.82 0.07 0.27 4.57 100.75 100.55 96.25
6 100 100.82 0.09 0.3 4.5 100.73 100.52 96.32
7 200 100.82 0.17 0.15 4.47 100.65 100.67 96.35
8 300 100.82 0.22 0.41 4.42 100.6 100.41 96.4
9 400 101.34 0.7 0.61 4.95 100.64 100.73 96.39
10 500 101.34 0.48 0.58 4.86 100.86 100.76 96.48
 11 600 101.34 0.36 0.4 4.76 100.98 100.94 96.58
12 700 101.34 0.46 0.28 4.68 100.88 101.06 96.66
13 800 101.34 0.57 0.33 4.67 100.77 101.01 96.67
14 900 101.34 0.24 0.26 4.59 101.1 101.08 96.75
15 1000 101.34 0.17 0.4 4.5 101.17 100.94 96.84
16 1100 101.34 0.19 0.44 4.44 101.15 100.9 96.9
17 1200 101.34 0 0.01 4.39 101.34 101.33 96.95
18 1300 101.54 0.24 0.3 4.52 101.3 101.24 97.02
19 1400 101.54 0.34 0.12 4.44 101.2 101.42 97.1
20 1500 101.54 0.3 0.08 4.39 101.24 101.46 97.15
21 1600 101.54 0.14 0.23 4.33 101.4 101.31 97.21
22 1700 101.54 0 0 4.28 101.54 101.54 97.26
23 1800 101.54 0.03 0.05 4.27 101.57 101.49 97.27
24 1900 101.54 0.01 0.48 4.22 101.53 101.06 97.32
25 2000 101.54 0.01 0.14 4.14 101.53 101.4 97.4
26 2100 101.83 0 0.02 4.34 101.83 101.81 97.49
27 2200 101.83 0.07 0.09 4.29 101.76 101.74 97.54
28 2300 101.83 0.04 0.02 4.22 101.79 101.81 97.61
29 2400 101.83 0.1 0.02 4.13 101.73 101.81 97.7
30 2500 101.83 0.09 0.07 4.07 101.74 101.76 97.76
31 2600 101.83 0.02 0.04 4.01 101.81 101.79 97.82
32 2700 101.83 0.05 0 3.95 101.78 101.83 97.88
33 2800 101.83 0.04 0.09 3.89 101.79 101.74 97.94
34 2900 101.83 0.05 0.04 3.85 101.78 101.79 97.98
35 3000 101.83 0.01 0 3.78 101.82 101.83 98.05
36 3100 101.83 0.02 0.05 3.72 101.81 101.78 98.11

(X) CALCULATION OF DISCHARGE:

(i) By Dicken Formula:

Q=C(A)3/4
C=12, A=474 sq.KM
Q=12(474)3/4
Q=1219 cumec
(ii)By Manning’s formula:

Q=1/n. R2/3.s1/2A
n=0.0225
A=cross section area of river at project site = 48.3 sq.meter
P=23.43 meter
R=A/P=2.06 meter, Slope
S=0.0006 Q= (1/0.0225).
(2.06)2/3.(0.0006)1/2.(48.3)
Q=85 cumec

By Chezzy's Formula:

Q=A.V where
V=C. (R.S)1/2
A=474 sq.
C=(157.5/1.81+(K/(R1/2)) ,
K=2.35, R=2.06, S=0.0006 C=45.69
Then
Q=77.58cumec
 References

Location on Survey of India map: Copy of this map is

given by minor irrigation department, Agra

Climate of Agra: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Agra

Agriculture Production in District Agra: http://agra.nic.in/agriprod.htm

Area Statistics of District Agra and all data:

minor irrigation department, published book (2005,2010)

Coefficient for Calculation of discharge:

minor irrigation department, published book (2005)