8.1 TITLE OF THE EXPERIMENT : Gain-Frequency response at OP-AMP 8.2. AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT :: To plot the gain frequency response of an Operational Amplifier. 8.3 EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED: (1) Breadboard/Op-amp Trainer Kit. (2) OP-AMPIC(741). (3) Function Generator. (4) Oscilloscope. (5) Resistors. (6) Connecting wires. 8.4 THEORY: The manner in which the gain of OP-AMP responds to the different frequency is known as its frequency response. The graph plotted between the magnitude of gain and frequency is called frequency response plotF or an amplifier,as operating frequency increases, (1) The gain of amplifier decreases. (2) The phase shift between the input and output signal increases. An OP-AMP is designed to be a high gain, wide-bandwidth amplifier. Its operation tends to be unstable (oscillator) due to (+ve) feed back.To ensure stable operation, OP-AMP are built with internal compensation circuit, which also causes very high open-loop gain to diminish with increasing frequency. Because of the internal compensation circuitry included in an OP-AMP, the voltage gain drops off as frequency increases. As the frequency of the input signal increases the open loop gain drop soff until it finally reaches the value of 1, so the point at which the gain reduces to 1 is referred as the unity gain bandwidth (B1). Another frequency of interest is at which the gain drops by 34B, this being the cutoff frequency of the OP-AMP frequency .Infact, the unit y gain frequency and Cut off frequency are relatedas FisA,,f.The graph decreases due to the parameter called slewrate in the OP-AMP. Slewrate is the maximum rate at which amplifier output can change in volts permicrosec(v/msec). ¥ Vv ' . = SR =SLew rate =dV,(t)/dte 7 so¢_unit SR =vimicrosec™ 1 soc 8.5 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM: Rr=10K Rislk 2 7 "© Vo (OUTPUT) “Rv Figure-1 8.6 PROCEDURE: The circuit was designed on the breadboard as per the circuit diagram. The function generator is connected with the input and sine wave is set. By varying the frequency from 500 Hz to 3M Hz the output voltage was observed. Then the inputand output waveform were traced and the voltage gain was calculated as Av=20 log Av. 8.7 OBSERVATION: FREQUENCY Vo Av Av in dB8.7 CONCLUSION: 8.8 PRECAUTIONS: (1) Allconnection were made keeping breadboard off. (2) Allconnection to the IC was made properly. (3) Allknobs of the breadboard were handled carefully.