Sample math for rate of reaction:

1. Find rate constant, individual and overall order of the reaction

when rate of reaction is dependent on both the reactant.
A+B -> product
Rate (mol L-1 s-1) 0.0805 0.0495 0.0134
[A] mol/L 0.9 0.7 0.3
[B] mol/L 0.8 0.5 0.2

r = K [A]m x [B]n

ln (r) = ln (k) + m ln [A] + n ln [B]

Solution:

R1, 0.0805 = k (0.9)mx (0.8)n………………..…(1)

R2, 0.0495 = k (0.7)mx (0.5)n………………..…(2)
R3, 0.0134= k (0.3)mx (0.2)n…………………..(3)
Equation, (1) / (2),

0.0805/0.0495 = k (0.9)mx (0.8)n

k (0.7)mx (0.5)n

ln (0.0805/0.0495) = ln 0.9)mx (0.8)n

(0.7)mx (0.5)n

0.488334= 0.2513m + 0.4701n ………………………………….(4)

Equation (2)/(3),

1.306 = 0.847m + 0.962 n ………………………………………….(5)

Equation (4) is multiplied with 2.05,

1.004 = 0.515m + 0.96n………………………………………………(6)

Equation (5) – (6),

0.302= 0.332m
m = 0.9096
=1

In equation 6 by putting m value, we get,

n = 0.5
 By putting m and n value in equation 1, we get,
K= 0.1

Ans:
m=1
n = 0.5
k = 0.1

2. From the following data of a “second order” reaction find the rate
constant and initial concentration.

Time (min) 5 10 23 37 56
[A]t mol/L 0.2857 0.1667 0.08 0.0513 0.0345

Time(min), 5 10 23 37 56
(x)
[A]t mol/L 0.2857 0.1667 0.08 0.0513 0.0345
1/[A]t, 3.5 5.9988 12.5 19.493 28.9855
 (y)

Second order equation:

1/[A]t = 1/[A]0 +Kt
 y = c + mx
So, m=k
Slope, m = dy/dx
=y2-y1/x2-x1
= (12.5-3.5)/ (23-5)
m=k = 0.5

Again, when t=5

1/[A]t = 1/[A]0 +Kt

3.5 = 1/[A]0 + 0.5 x 5

1/[A]0 = 3.5- 2.5
[A]0= 1

Ans: initial concentration 1 mol/L and rate constant 0.5 L mol -1

min-1
 3. From the following data find the instantaneous rate at 15.5
minute.
Time 12 14 16 18 19
(min)
[A] mol/L 0.6024 0.4932 0.4038 0.3306 0.2991

Ans: 0.0425 mol L-1 min-1

solution: Draw Graph, then tangent line on 15.5 min.

slope/tangent gradient:

Find out the intercept in both x and y axis or

Instantaneous rate, rinst = dx/dt

From graph,
slope= y2-y1/x2-x1
=0.4038- 0.45/16- 14.9
=- 0.042
Here negative slope as reactant concentration decreasing.
Here slope is negative but the molar concentration can’t be negative as well as reaction rate, so it
should be written as 0.042 molL-1min-1