g a 8 ® % ge 6 5 5 & mn oe ilwhy do weneed Ftre Fighting 2 : a _____ly rire safety is a subject not only mene —- [Duman £ prape erty safety but {salsa related with ——— _____Il design of buildings ¢ their services a 12> Even though fire is an essential olvment when it ___|| spreads uncontrollably in building ¢ it 1s dangerous —— resuiting in heavy lo £ property ¢ lives |l3) Therefore fire protection measures in residential commercial industrigt comalexes have assumed o great role in recent sears in our country Fire protection i tudy & practice of mitigating the sone effects of potentially doqvrianite fires Tt invalves the indy ofthe ; Rec eee, In structures the are responsible +o mointain +heir facilities in n frre codes. T+ must he Constructed in mpliant +o the busi ding fire cades £ maintained in accordance +o the id i FOR EDUCATIONAL USEi!) Class A? Ordinary Combustible or £i brads —__—_——- | material Such as wood, paper clath rubber 4 __——— ome plastic 2) Class At Plarnmable or combustible Liquids 1 uch a3 gasoline, Ker 9) Class C: —nflaramable gases under pressure including liquifred gase: 4) Crossan saGeseatg Then tible metals Such as magnesium titan ile. patassiuen 4 Soditm 5) Class Fi? Energized electrical eq Lpreents Sich as_applion eS Switches panel baxes ¢ power tools __ | Classification of Fire ereainakie Water, Coo) Petroleum | Exclude oxygen / Foam G Gases. Exclude axygon | Dry Chemical Paroder D L Elammahle | Exclude oxygen | Co, __ metals E Eiectrical Exclude oxygen, pon conductive £ nan- magnetic / CO, a eO—eeEDN"E”—‘i‘C‘O‘CRYTNNL FOR EDUCATIONAL USE7 Category Group _| Hazard Occupancy —_ Extra Hight z | Public Building Ordinary (ee | Restaurant Grdi 2 | rdinary - Motar garage Ordinar 3 Ware harise Ordinary a (Special)! Aloodumark & sea, | Point Manufactur £ igh (Storage) a | Electrical appliance | | | : } Purniture Ex bra High ( borage) £ . [Extra High ona | Poamed plastics ar | Rubber a of fire Fighting System 1) Possive Fire Protection Tt is an integral c +s omponen afety ina building component of the three Pep attempts to contain fire Lor slain the spread through Use af fire - resi tant malls fioors 2 doors (amangst other examples)Active Fire Denteckion see ann \) Alarm System Y Smotre Noetectars 13) Hent Detector 4 Portable Fire & Hngut her 5) Piro Hydrant 6) Fire Hause System = Sprinkler System (Ory ¢ wet Ri er) FOR EDUCATIONAL USEik Fire Proof angbnict! On pet tt — —_—> Construction of buildings that resist fire Pie ae a prevent the spread of Fire = —_ aa iC mponents uch _as steel, terra - catta plaster ¢ Concrete E ‘Cire resistantance requirements can range From > 3 to 4 + ; neon —___l shopping centers of residenttal _tanips + For buildings 75m in height or ahove Fire resistance requirements have the Folla»ing ratings a¢ a range i) Exterior heari 5 ii) Pnterior hearing walls ? 9 to 4 hawt. iii) Colurmns + 246 G hours ; iv) Reams, girders trusses 4 arches t 9 to & hours a) Ploors : 2 to 3 hours Ji) Roof: 1-5 to 9 howrs 2) Non = Combustible Cons ete 0p _____— + Constructian ust Concrete .on the outside walls of the structure ~ non. combustible materials far the roof & Floor + For buildings {5 m_height ar abave + ire resistance requirements can rao ‘orm | 2 +03 howe. a" || 3 FOR EDUCATIONAL USE_||_ Fire resistance requirements have the following —— lrotings s_Q_rAnge a 3 am u iy exterior pearing walls } 0 to2 hours — ji) Thtertor hearing walls : o to 2 hours 2 be iii) Columns: oto 2 howe - i iu) Beams. girders trusses 4 arches i 0 to 2 hour lly) Floors : O to 2 hae: vi) Roof: Oto 2 howe 3) Exterior Protected Construction [Ordinary | + Construction in which all structural elements of exterior (walis are of non-combustible materials —___| Fire resistance requirements for all elements ran OTN One aero oe eneamen + Buildings may he retail stores mixed occupancy * Only the exteriar laad bearing walls Shal\ he hon combustible or limited cambhustihte ¢& shall have as a minimum ad hour rating Fire «resistance ratings are as fol tou: iy Dnterior hearing walls : oto i hour ij) Columns : O to 1 hour iii) Beams girders trusses Larcher : O tod hour iy Eisors : 6 to t hour pes Ot ena = FOR EDUCATIONAL USE,1) Timber \land is the olde t material used by burmans -fyr {Constructian after stone ©: pitonally strong relative to i+9 ceight ae i) A good heat £ electrical insulator a 3 ii) THis a repeoable £ br degradable resource ity) Enviranm entall Friendly iv) Shrong € light werght wise as vy) Basy to install . Durable Cast effective Flexible » Brick Bricks are used for birilding £ pavernent all ____ throughout +he world Gricks are usually laid flat dare usualty bonded forming a structure taincrease its Stability £ strength Serre a oerren clas Sei Ceemee ee Pe ei b) Sand lime bricks ©) Engin ee eg d) Cancrete bricks ©) Fiy Ash clay bricks Firct class bricks malded fram good clay can ith stand exposure to Fire fora consi derahle length of time The property (which render thern fire stant FOR EDUCATIONAL USE,3) Stone __ ome ~The usage of stone ina fire resistive Construction Should he strichy restricted to the minimum —_—_| Hot stane when subjected to sudden cooling — — develaps crack can lead to failure ef structure ~Lime_stone_is_least recommended as it gets __ Only compact used as it con stand the exposure ta moderate fire Without serious Crack. la) Steet _|+ Stee\ has a very lam Fire resistance value “with increase in temperature the co-effictent af elasticity of metal falls appreciably Tendering the structural members soft ¢ free te ©: pand ~ then the members inthis state come in Cantact with mater used for extinguishing the fire they tend ta Contract twist or distart £4 thus the tobility of the entire Structure is endangered 5) Concrete inl £ wate fo £ cement Often prainly Oo: additive obs col properties of the finished mnateria] FOR EDUCATIONAL USE 4 reinforcements (such as rehar) are included inthe mixture to achieve the dosired+2) Normal Cancret by High brength ancrete ©) igh performance Concrete G) Light werght cancrete 2) Self Compacting cancrete ———||* The influence of frre an OnCrefe varies with the —e-—Boture of its coarse aggregate 4 its density it ha been noticed that if AN average Fire the cancrete urface gets disintegrated far a death of Qhont 25 mem ‘This is due + the dehydratian af martar in concrete hy the fice - Hence i construction the thick ness of clear caver shauld he mare ©) Glass Glass 1S Qn armarphaus solid material which [s often _ Ee ich 1 : trans parent £ has_wmidespread practical technological decorative usage a) Flat Glass b) Fibre Glass ec ) Tempered Safety Glass 2) Coloured structural Glas: £) Glass Building Block + - Resistant Glass FOR EDUCATIONAL USE.Susi ire underlying y-9uPpSum_sheathing in order ta achiove a good Frre- resistant rating 4 gunsum board is the mast Commonly used fire-resistant interiar finish “Gypsum board also Epomn a dry tall cansists aa layer of gypsum sandwiched between +o sheet af paper +Tn addition gypsum board bas a non - ‘ombustihle Core that Contains chemically ombined water (in calcturm sulphate ) “then affected by fire the First thing +b Hhat happen is that this water cames aut as steam Thi the gypsum board. And even after the ater gonethe gypsum care cantinues + resist Fire pene i { hoord the fire -resistance rating De ign Conaideratisn emi: SPs serge i Te escape roto Fire alarm 4warning system Systems for Fire protectian 2 fyre Light ng tudy of fir i Water supply for Fire fighting - static tants Hydrants | WWlet $ diy riser fe e ; : : FOR EDUCATIONAL USE