by Talal Ali Jan

cracking the

SAT

READING – HOW TO APPROACH THE PASSAGES

#02

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 Cracking the SAT – Manual #2 Reading – How to Approach the Passages

Example Passage

Let's look at the first few paragraphs from a reading passage and see how it might look if we mark it up
using the ideas discussed.

Let's see how these key words helped us locate the 5 w's for this passage:

1. Who is involved in this passage?

2. What is being discussed in this passage?

3. Where are the events in the passage taking place?

4. When are the events in the passage taking place?

5. Why is the information in this passage important?

Talal Ali Jan 1

 Cracking the SAT – Manual #2 Reading – How to Approach the Passages

Exercise On Summarizing And Marking Up A Passage

Tommaso Strinati clambers to the top of discovery. He hopes that in a few years the fully
the rickety scaffold and laughs. "It's a good thing 40 restored fresco will not only rescue Cavallini's
that all this Baroque work is so unimpressive." he name from obscurity, but also upend
says, pointing at the clumsy trompe l'oeil painting the widespread notion that the first flowers of
5 covering the wall in front of him. "Otherwise, we the Renaissance budded in Florence, not Rome.
might not have been allowed to scrape it off!" For the fresco's lifelike figures - in particular, an
A 28-year-old art historian, he is standing 45 impish Christ child with charmingly
16 feet above the marble floor of San Pasquale flushed cheeks - suggest to Strinati that Cavallini
Baylon chapel, a long- neglected nook of Santa may have anticipated some of the extraordinary
10 Maria in Aracoeli. a Franciscan basilica in naturalistic innovations that have long
the center of Rome. Last year, Mr. Strinati, who is been credited to the Florentine artist Giotto.
still a graduate student, began studying the 50 Moreover, the Aracoeli fragments may
church's history. Records suggested that the provide a critical new clue in a decades-old battle
Roman artist Pietro Cavallini - a painter concerning the "St. Francis Legend," the 1296
15 and mosaicist whose greatest works have been fresco cycle at Assisi, universally recognized
destroyed - spent years decorating Aracoeli as one of the foundations of the Renaissance.
toward the end of the 13th century. Yet only one 55 For centuries, the 28-scene cycle - which recounts
small Cavallini fresco, in the church's the life of the saint with a narrative zest
left transept, remained visible. Mr. Strinati and compositional depth that leave the
20 wondered: had other Cavallini frescoes been flat tableaus of the Byzantine era far behind -
painted over with inferior work? And if so, could was attributed to Giotto. But since the 1930's,
modern restorers uncover them? 60 various scholars have questioned this judgment,
"The answer to both questions was yes," claiming that the Assisi cycle doesn't
Mr. Strinati says. A close-up examination of the resemble Giotto's other work. Now, the
25 chapel's walls last summer revealed ghostly Aracoeli discovery is ammunition for Italian art
images lying beneath the surface. The entire historians who believe that Cavallini might
chapel, it seemed, was a painted palimpsest. And 65 actually be the primary creative force behind the
when a heavy altarpiece was removed from one "St. Francis Legend."
wall, a remarkably tender portrait of the The growing debate about Cavallini's
30 Madonna and Child was found hidden behind it. importance was the occasion for a symposium in
After months of careful paint - peeling, Rome in November. La Republicca, an
what has been uncovered are dazzling fragments 70 Italian daily, has cast the debate as
of a late-medieval masterpiece completed shortly "War Between Rome and Florence." Mr. Strinati
after 1285. Although the Aracoeli fresco is not is enjoying the ruckus. "I had a hunch that there
35 signed, the figures strongly resemble those in a was more Cavallini lurking around here," he says
surviving Cavallini work, the resplendent "Last of the Aracoeli basilica. "But I didn't expect to
Judgment" fresco at nearby Santa Cecilia. 75 find an exquisite work that could shake up the
Mr. Strinati has grand ambitions for his history of art.

Talal Ali Jan 2

 Cracking the SAT – Manual #2 Reading – How to Approach the Passages

Practice 1: Reading a Passage

Use your active reading techniques to read and mark up the following passage. Also write a short
summary for every paragraph as you read.

This passage is adapted from an article Great Recession. If so, we should
about workers in America. expect workers to come back as the
The unemployment rate, the figure that economy continues to expand. Some
dominates reporting on the economy, is the research supports this view. A 2013 study
fraction of the labor force (those working or 25 by economists at the Federal Reserve Bank of
seeking work) that is unemployed. This rate San Francisco found that states with bigger
5 has declined slowly since the end of the Great declines in employment saw bigger declines
Recession. What hasn't recovered over that in labor-force participation. It also found a
same period is the labor force participation positive relationship between these variables
rate, which today stands roughly where it did 30 in past recessions and recoveries.
in 1977. But structural changes are plainly at
10 Labor force participation rates increased work too, based in part on slower- moving
from the mid-1960s through the 1990s, driven demographic factors. A 2012 study by
by more women entering the workforce, baby economists at the Federal Reserve Bank of
boomers entering prime working years in 35 Chicago estimated that about one-quarter of
the 1970s and 1980s, and increasing pay for the decline in labor-force participation since
15 skilled laborers. But over the past decade, the start of the Great Recession can be traced
these trends have leveled off. At the same time, to retirements. Other economists
the participation rate has fallen, particularly in have attributed about half of the drop to
the aftermath of the recession. 40 the aging of baby boomers.
In one view, this decline is just
20 a temporary, cyclical result of the

Talal Ali Jan 3

 Cracking the SAT – Manual #2 Reading – How to Approach the Passages

Practice 2: Reading the questions

In our fables of science and discovery, insights into these light-bulb flashes of
the crucial role of insight is a cherished theme. 30 understanding, but they are as hard to define
To these epiphanies, we owe the concept clinically as they are to study in a lab.
of alternating electrical current, the discovery To be sure, we've all had our
5 of penicillin, and on a less lofty note, the "aha" moments. They materialize
invention of Post-its, ice-cream cones, and without warning, often through an unconscious
Velcro. The burst of mental clarity can be so 35 shift in mental perspective that can abruptly
powerful that, as legend would have alter how we perceive a problem. "An 'aha'
it, Archimedes jumped out of his tub and ran moment is any sudden comprehension that
10 naked through the streets, shouting to his allows you to see something in a different
startled neighbors: "Eureka! I've got it." light," says psychologist John Kounios at Drexel
In today's innovation 40 University in Philadelphia. "It could be the
economy, engineers, economists and solution to a problem; it could be getting a
policy makers are eager to foster joke; or suddenly recognizing a face. It could be
15 creative thinking among knowledge realizing that a friend of yours is not really a
workers. Until recently, these sorts friend."
of revelations were too elusive for 45 These sudden insights, they found, are
serious scientific study. Scholars suspect the culmination of an intense and complex
the story of Archimedes isn't even series of brain states that require more neural
20 entirely true. Lately, though, researchers resources than methodical reasoning. People
have been able to document the who solve problems through insight generate
brain's behavior during Eureka moments 50 different patterns of brain waves than those
by recording brain-wave patterns and imaging who solve problems analytically. "Your brain is
the neural circuits that become active as really working quite hard before this
25 volunteers struggle to solve anagrams, riddles moment of insight," says psychologist
and other brain teasers. Mark Wheeler at the University of Pittsburgh.
Following the brain as it rises to a mental 55 "There is a lot going on behind the scenes."
challenge, scientists are seeking their own


1. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about anagrams, riddles and other brain
teasers?
A. It is possible to experience insight while solving them
B. They can only be solved through insight
C. They are best solved by thinking analytically
D. They are best solved in a lab setting

2. Where in the passage did you look for your answer to the previous question?

3. The purpose of the first paragraph (lines 1-14) is to

A. highlight the inventions created through insight.
B. introduce the general concept of insight.

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 Cracking the SAT – Manual #2 Reading – How to Approach the Passages

C. describe the story of Archimedes.

D. explain the origin of the phrase "Eureka!"

4. Where did you look for your answer to the previous question?

5. As used in line 48, "resources" most nearly means

A. capital.
B. energy.
C. resort.
D. finances.

6. Where did you look for your answer to the previous question?

7. The author quotes John Kounios in order to

A. prove that numerous scientists are studying insight.
B. suggest that research on insight is very basic.
C. offer a definition and examples of insight.
D. demonstrate that people often do not recognize insight.

8. Where did you look for your answer to the previous question?

Talal Ali Jan 5

 Cracking the SAT – Manual #2 Reading – How to Approach the Passages

Part 3 Practice: Selecting Your Answers

After the AHA1 advised the public to eat less reasons, some midcentury chemists warned
saturated fat and switch to vegetable oils for a against the consumption of these oils, but their
"healthy heart" in 1961, Americans changed concerns were allayed by a chemical fix: Oils
their diets. Now these oils represent 7% to 8% 30 could be rendered more stable through a
5 of all calories in our diet, up from nearly zero in process called hydrogenation, which
1900, the biggest increase in consumption of any used a catalyst to turn them from oils into
type of food over the past century. solids.
This shift seemed like a good idea at the From the 1950s on, these hardened oils
time, but it brought many potential health 35 became the backbone of the entire food industry,
10 problems in its wake. In those early clinical used in cakes, cookies, chips, breads, frostings,
trials, people on diets high in vegetable oil were fillings and frozen and fried food.
found to suffer higher rates not only of cancer Unfortunately, hydrogenation also produced
but also of gallstones. And strikingly, they were trans fats, which since the 1970s have been
more likely to die from violent accidents and 40 suspected of interfering with basic cellular
15 suicides. Alarmed by these findings, the National functioning and were recently condemned by
Institutes of Health convened researchers several the Food and Drug Administration for their ability
times in the early 1980s to try to explain these to raise our levels of "bad" LDL cholesterol.
"side effects," but they couldn't, (Experts now Yet paradoxically, the drive to get rid of
speculate that certain psychological problems 45 trans fats has led some restaurants and food
20 might be related to changes in brain chemistry manufacturers to return to using regular liquid
caused by diet, such as fatty-acid imbalances or oils—with the same long-standing oxidation
the depletion of cholesterol.) problems. These dangers are especially acute in
We've also known since the 1940s that restaurant fryers, where the oils are heated to
when heated, vegetable oils create oxidation 50 high temperatures over long periods.
25 products that, in experiments on animals, lead to
cirrhosis of the liver and early death. For these 'The American Heart Association

Write the answers to the following questions in your own words.

1. The primary purpose of the passage is to:

2. The stance the author takes in the passage is best described as:
3. In lines 34-37 what is the most likely reason the author lists the types of foods
that use hydrogenated oils?

For the following questions:

Note which answers you can eliminate using the process of elimination, and why you know they are
wrong.

Talal Ali Jan 6

 Cracking the SAT – Manual #2 Reading – How to Approach the Passages

Note why the answer you selected is the best one, using words and lines from the passage to support
your answer choice.

4. The author of the passage would probably agree with which of the following statements?
A. While trans fats are unhealthy, they are preferable to saturated fats.
B. Using large amounts of vegetable oil is safe as long as it is not hydrogenated.
C. Americans' attempt to avoid saturated fats has had other unhealthy consequences.
D. The process of hydrogenation eliminates the only problem with vegetable oils.

Which answers could you eliminate, and why are they incorrect?
Why is your answer the best choice?

5. Which of the following situations is most analogous to the problem presented in the passage?
A. Drivers are advised to avoid a certain highway because it has a lot of traffic, but the other road
they take is backed up because of an accident.
B. Doctors prescribe an effective medicine for an illness, but when they administer a new
treatment it causes side effects.
C. Shoppers frequent a local grocer, but when it closes they are forced to buy food at a more
expensive market.
D. Farmers have a problem with frequent pests, but when they use a new harvesting technique
fewer crops are eaten by insects.

Which answers could you eliminate, and why are they incorrect?
Why is your answer the best choice?

6. It can reasonably be inferred from the passage that it is best to consume vegetable oils
A. in regular liquid form, in large quantities.
B. in regular liquid form, lightly heated.
C. in solid form after hydrogenation.
D. in small amounts or not at all.

Which answers could you eliminate, and why are they incorrect?
Why is your answer the best choice?

Answer Key: Selecting Your Answers

1. Describe the problems created by eating more vegetable oils to avoid saturated fats.
2. A concerned expert, a worried scholar or another similar choice.
3. To demonstrate how widespread the use of hardened hydrogenated oils has become.
4. C
5. A
6. D

Talal Ali Jan 7

 Cracking the SAT – Manual #2 Reading – How to Approach the Passages

Homework

Questions 1-10 are based on the following passage

On a wind-swept point of black problems and produced a wealth of

lava jutting into the Pacific Ocean, a data.
small band of scientists and The lab, which operates on a
entrepreneurs is generating electricity, 40 budget of $1.5 million a year and has a
5 raising lobsters and growing strawberries staff of 20, began by seeking to use the
using cold water from the depths of the sea. differences in temperature between
Eventually, they say, they hope the techniques surface and deep sea water to produce
they are devising here may increase food electricity in a process called ocean
supplies and produce energy without 45 thermal energy conversion. But it is
10 pollution and without the use of fossil the other projects developed on this
fuels. For now, however, "cold water is 322-acre site that seem more
the resource we're selling," said promising today: growing lobsters in
Thomas H. Daniel, technical director half the time it takes in their natural
of the Natural Energy Laboratory of 50 habitat along the coast of Maine;
15 Hawaii, where the projects are under raising flounder, sea urchins and
way. salmon; distilling fresh water and
That water, pumped from a depth cooling buildings and industrial plants.
of 2,000 feet, comes up at a nearly Next to the energy lab is the
constant temperature of 6 degrees 55 Hawaii Ocean Science and
20 Celsius, or 43 degrees Fahrenheit. It Technology park, a 547-acre site set
has a high concentration of nutrients aside by the state for commercial
like nitrates, phosphates and silicates development of the laboratory's
that foster the growth of plants and findings. Once a project developed at
algae. And it is pure, having been out 60 the lab becomes profitable, it must
25 of contact with the surface for move out, either to the park or
centuries as it drifted slowly along the elsewhere. Aquaculture Enterprises
bottom, and thus is free of the has already moved to the park. The
pathogens that carry diseases. company has been experimenting since
When the laboratory began the 65 1987 with lobsters and has begun test
30 project about 10 years ago, scientists sales locally. The lobsters are raised in
here were confident it would be shallow tanks under green tents that
possible to put the water to profitable block the heat of the sun. They are
use. While profits have so far been kept in separate pans so they will not
elusive, the researchers have 70 eat each other.
35 demonstrated the feasibility of several Joseph Wilson, a partner in the
ideas, solved formidable engineering enterprise, said that by mixing cold
and warm sea water to maintain a

Talal Ali Jan 8

 Cracking the SAT – Manual #2 Reading – How to Approach the Passages

steady temperature of 22 degrees strawberry, lettuce and flower beds,

75 Celsius, researchers have eliminated the cold water keeps the plants at the
the near-hibernation of the lobsters in cool temperature they like and causes
winter. That has cut growing time to fresh water to condense on the pipes.
less than four years from the seven and 90 The fresh water drips from the pipes
a half years it takes in nature. As they to water the plants. "When we want
80 learn more about the lobsters' the strawberries to think it's winter,"
environment, nutrition and genetics, he Mr. Daniel said, standing under a
said, "we think that could be cut again tropical sun, "we just run the cold
to 30 months." But the cold water also 95 water faster.” Strawberries with five
finds uses on land. Run through pipes times more sugar than those in nature
85 the energy laboratory has laid in have been produce.

1. This passage is primarily concerned with

A. describing a new alternative source of energy.
B. advocating alternatives to fossil fuels.
C. discussing new applications of a natural resource.
D. explaining the challenges of food production.

2. The purpose of the second paragraph (lines 17-28) is to
A. describe the beneficial properties of cold ocean water.
B. explain how nitrates, phosphates and silicates foster plant and algae growth.
C. convey the author's interest in the numerous uses of cold ocean water.
D. explore the process used to move cold water up to the ocean surface.

3. Based on the passage, which choice best describes the relationship between the electricity and
food production projects involving cold ocean water?
A. The food production projects are more successful than the electricity project.
B. The electricity project is more profitable than the food production projects.
C. The food production projects depend on the electricity projects.
D. The food production projects undermine the electricity projects.

4. Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?
A. Lines 7-12 ("Eventually ... fossil fuels")
B. Lines 29-33 ("When ... profitable use")
C. Lines 45-48 ("But it... today")
D. Lines 66-68 ("The lobsters ... sun")

5. As used in line 89, "condense" most nearly means

A. compress.

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 Cracking the SAT – Manual #2 Reading – How to Approach the Passages

B. squeeze.
C. form.
D. consolidate.

6. The attitude of the scientists interviewed in the passage toward their current agriculture
projects could best be described as one of
A. optimism.
B. contempt.
C. skepticism.
D. disappointment.

7. Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?
A. Line 33-38 ("While profits ... data")
B. Line 63-66 ("The company ... locally")
C. Line 71-77 ("Joseph Wilson ... winter")
D. Line 79-83 ("As they ... months")

8. As used in line 37, "wealth" most nearly means
A. capital.
B. fortune.
C. means.
D. abundance.

9. According to the passage, the growing time for lobsters can be reduced by
A. eliminating cold temperatures to prevent their near-hibernation.
B. preventing them from eating one another.
C. running cool water over them at a faster rate.
D. providing them with a high concentration of nutrients like nitrates.

10. What is the most likely reason the author describes Mr. Daniel as "standing under a tropical sun"
(lines 93-94)?

A. To contrast the local weather with the cold conditions created for the
strawberries
B. To give the reader a sense of place through vivid description
C. To suggest that tropical locations are the usual growing region for strawberries
D. To suggest that the local weather could pose a threat to the success of the
strawberry crop

Talal Ali Jan 10

 Cracking the SAT – Manual #2 Reading – How to Approach the Passages

Questions 11-21 are based on the following passage

The following passage is adapted 35 and I had no friends who would call
from Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's novel upon me and break the monotony of
"A Study in Scarlet, "published in my daily existence. Under these
1887. It features the narrator, Dr. circumstances, I eagerly hailed the
John Watson, describing the detective little mystery which hung around my
Sherlock Holmes. 40 companion, and spent much of my
His very person and appearance time in endeavouring to unravel it.
were such as to strike the attention of He was not studying medicine. He
the most casual observer. In height he had himself, in reply to a question,
Line was rather over six feet, and so confirmed Stamford's opinion upon
5 excessively lean that he seemed to be 45 that point. Neither did he appear to
considerably taller. His eyes were have pursued any course of reading
sharp and piercing, save during those which might fit him for a degree in
intervals of torpor to which I have science or any other recognized portal
alluded; and his thin, hawk-like nose which would give him an entrance
10 gave his whole expression an air of 50 into the learned world. Yet his zeal
alertness and decision. His chin, too, for certain studies was remarkable,
had the prominence and squareness and within eccentric limits his
which mark the man of knowledge was so extraordinarily
determination. His hands were ample and minute that his
15 invariably blotted with ink and 55 observations have fairly astounded
stained with chemicals, yet he was me. Surely no man would work so
possessed of extraordinary delicacy hard or attain such precise
of touch, as I frequently had occasion information unless he had some
to observe when I watched him definite end in view. Casual readers
20 manipulating his fragile philosophical 60 are seldom remarkable for the
instruments. exactness of their learning. No man
The reader may set me down as a burdens his mind with small matters
hopeless busybody, when I confess unless he has some very good reason
how much this man stimulated my fordoing so.
25 curiosity, and how often I 65 His ignorance was as remarkable
endeavoured to break through the as his knowledge. Of contemporary
reticence which he showed on all that literature, philosophy and politics he
concerned himself. Before appeared to know next to nothing.
pronouncing judgment, however, be Upon my quoting Thomas Carlyle, he
30 it remembered, how objectless was 70 inquired in the naivest way who he
my life, and how little there was to might be and what he had done. My
engage my attention. My health surprise reached a climax, however,
forbade me from venturing out unless when I found incidentally that he was
the weather was exceptionally genial, ignorant of the Copernican Theory

Talal Ali Jan 11

 Cracking the SAT – Manual #2 Reading – How to Approach the Passages

75 and of the composition of the Solar careful indeed as to what he takes

System. That any civilized human 100 into his brain-attic. He will have
being in this nineteenth century nothing but the tools which may help
should not be aware that the earth him in doing his work, but of these he
travelled round the sun appeared to has a large assortment, and all in the
80 be to me such an extraordinary fact most perfect order. It is a mistake to
that I could hardly realize it. 105 think that that little room has elastic
"You appear to be astonished," he walls and can distend to any extent.
said, smiling at my expression of Depend upon it, there comes a time
surprise. "Now that I do know it I when for every addition of
85 shall do my best to forget it." knowledge you forget something that
"To forget it!" 110 you knew before. It is of the highest
"You see," he explained, "I importance, therefore, not to have
consider that a man's brain originally useless facts elbowing out the useful
is like a little empty attic, and you ones."
90 have to stock it with such furniture as "But the Solar System!" I
you choose. A fool takes in all the 115 protested.
lumber of every sort that he comes "What the deuce is it to me?" he
across, so that the knowledge which interrupted impatiently; "you say that
might be useful to him gets crowded we go round the sun. If we went
95 out, or at best is jumbled up with a lot round the moon it would not make a
of other things so that he has a 120 pennyworth of difference to me or to
difficulty in laying his hands upon it. my work."
Now the skillful workman is very

11. Watson's attitude toward Sherlock in the passage is best described as one of
A. impatience.
B. disdain.
C. adoration.
D. fascination.

12. Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?
A. Lines 22-28 ('The reader ... himself)
B. Lines 45-50 ("Neither ... world")
C. Lines 56-59 ("Surely ... in view")
D. Lines 76-81 ("That any ... it")

13. The primary purpose of the first paragraph (lines 1-21) is to
A. provide a description of Sherlock.
B. explain why Watson is interested in Sherlock's strange mannerisms.
C. describe Sherlock's delicacy in using his instruments.

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 Cracking the SAT – Manual #2 Reading – How to Approach the Passages

D. introduce the tools Sherlock uses to solve mysteries.

14. Watson sees a surprising contrast between
A. Sherlock's expertise in some subjects and unfamiliarity with others.
B. his impression of Sherlock and Sherlock's attitude toward him.
C. Sherlock's motivations and enthusiasm for learning.
D. his own intellect and that of Sherlock.

15. Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?
A. Lines 1-3 ("His ... casual observer")
B. Lines 61-64 ("No ... doing so")
C. Lines 65-66 ("His ignorance ... knowledge")
D. Lines 69-71 ("Upon my ... done")

16. As used in line 20, "manipulating" most nearly means
A. exploiting.
B. tricking.
C. tampering.
D. handling.

17. The second paragraph (lines 22-41) suggests that Watson feels his interest in Sherlock was
A. something for which he may be judged, but was understandable under the
circumstances.
B. a normal reaction in which he eagerly indulged.
C. embarrassing, as it failed to break the monotony of his existence.
D. acceptable, as it allowed him to unravel the mystery surrounding the detective.

18. As used in line 29, "pronouncing" most nearly means
A. uttering.
B. passing.
C. reciting.
D. declaring.

19. It can reasonably be inferred from the passage that once Watson learns Sherlock is unfamiliar
with the Solar System, he
A. mocks him for his lack of education.
B. explains the concept to him.
C. asks Sherlock about his opinion on human memory.
D. decides it is not as important as he originally thought.

20. Which hypothetical situation involves the same form of expertise demonstrated by Sherlock?
A. A librarian is familiar with all types of media, both modern and antiquated.

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 Cracking the SAT – Manual #2 Reading – How to Approach the Passages

B. A highly accomplished classical musician can play few other types of music.
C. A carpenter works with numerous types of wood but prefers one.
D. A new art student has been studying theory but has not yet created anything.

21. According to the passage, Sherlock believes the brain is like an attic because
A. a room can only hold so many items, similar to how human memory is not unlimited.
B. the human brain cannot grow, similar to how the walls of a room cannot be extended.
C. you cannot store endless memories, similar to how a skillful workman carefully chooses his
projects.
D. a cluttered mind makes it difficult to recall important information, similar to how a crowded
room can become dangerous.

Answer Key
1. C (Determining central ideas and themes/summarizing)
2. A (Analyzing purpose)
3. A (Understanding relationships)
4. C (Citing textual evidence)
5. C (Interpreting words and phrases in context)
6. A (Determining central ideas and themes/summarizing)
7. D (Citing textual evidence)
8. D (Interpreting words and phrases in context)
9. A (Determining explicit meanings)
10. A (Analyzing purpose)
11. D (Determining central ideas and themes/Analyzing point of view)
12. A (Citing textual evidence)
13. A (Analyzing purpose)
14. A (Understanding relationships)
15. C (Citing textual evidence)
16. D (Interpreting words and phrases in context)
17. A (Analyzing point of view/analyzing word choice)
18. B (Interpreting words and phrases in context)
19. B (Determining implicit meaning)
20. B (Analogical reasoning)
21. A (Determining implicit meaning)

Talal Ali Jan 14


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