Pharmaceutical Chemistry II

Q1. Write a note on chlorocresol. a4 CHLOROCRESOL (S. 01, 05, 09; W. 04, 05)
Ans- Properties – 1. It occurs as a colourless or faintly coloured crystals having chacteristic odour. It is slightly soluble
in water. It is readily soluble in alcohol and ether. It is volatile in nature. It has a phenolic odour. Storage- It is oxidized
by air, light and oxygen. Hence it is stored in tightly closed containers. Uses- It is a powerful bactericide and fungicide.
It is used as a preservative. It is a potent disinfectant with low toxicity. Preparation Chlorocresol IP, BP.

Q2. Define the terms.

a. Antiseptics: Antiseptics are the agents that destroy or prevent the growth of microorganisms when applied to living tissues.
b Disinfectants: The disinfectants are the agents that kill vegetative bacteria but not necessarily spores when used on an inanimate
object. c. Bactericides: The agents which kill the bacteria are called bactericides. D. Bacteriostatics: The agents which prevent the
growth of bacteria are called bacteriostatics. e. Preservatives: Preservatives are the agents that prevent the microbial growth or
biological destruction of the pharmaceutical preparations.

03. Classify antiseptics and disinfectants giving suitable examples. (S. 96, 98, 99, 01, 02, 03, 05, 08; W. 96, 98, 99, 00, 01, 02, 06)

Ans - Classification of Antiseptics and Disinfectants - * Phenols and related compounds, e.g. liquified phenol, cresol. chlorocresol,
chloroxylenol, hexachlorophene. * Alcohols and related compounds, e.g. ethanol, isopropyl. * Aldehydes, e.g. formaldehyde.
* Carboxylic acid, c.g. benzoic acid. * Halophors, c.g. iodoform, povidone-iodine.* Heavy metal compounds, c.g. thiomersal, silver
protein. * Dyes, e.g. proflavine, brilliant green. * Quaternary ammonium compounds (cationic surface active agents). eg.
benzalkonium chloride, cetrimide. * Miscellaneous, eg. nitrofurantoin, nitrofurazone.

Q4. Define and classify antimalarials with suitable examples. (S. 96, 97, 98, 99, 00, 01, 02, 04, 07, 08, 09; W. 99, 00, 04, 05, 08)
Ans- The chemical agents which are used in the treatment of malaria are called antimalarial agents. Organisms causing malaria are:
A. Plasmodium malarial B Plasmodium ovale. C Plasmodium vivax, D. Plasmodium falciparum.
Classification of Antimalarials -Antimalarials are classified on chemical basis as follows: * Cinchona alkaloids, e.g. quinine.
* 4-aminoquinoline derivatives, e.g. chloroquine, amodiaquine. * 8-aminoquinoline derivaties, e.g. primaquine. * 9 amino acridine
derivatives, e.g. mepacrine. * Biguanide derivative, e.g. proguanil. * 2,4-diaminopyrimidine derivatives, e.g. pyrimethamine,
trimethoprim. * Miscellaneous: i. Sulphonamides, e.g. protonsil. ii. Sulphones, e.g. dapsone.

Q5. Describe in brief quinine. (S. 05, 09; W. 99, 08)

Ans – QUININE – Properties It occurs as a white, microcrystalline powder. It is odourless and intensely bitter in taste. It is slightly
soluble in ether and chloroform. Quinine sulphate is slightly soluble in water. Storage It should be stored in a tightly closed container.
Uses - It is highly active blood schizontocide, It is used as antimalarial agent.
Preparations • Quinine bisulphate tablet IP, BP. Quinine dihydrochloride injection IP, BP.

Q6. What is DEC? Give the details of DEC. (S. 01, 06, 08, 09: W. 96, 99, 00, 02, 04)
Ans- DIETHYL CARBAMAZINE (DEC) Properties A. It is a white crystalline powder. B It is odourless and has a bitter taste
C. It is soluble in water and practically insoluble in chloroform. Storage- It should be stored in a well tightly closed
container and protected from light. Uses - It is used to treat: • Roundworm infestation. . In filariasis.
Topical eosinophilia. In anchocerciasis. Preparations- Diethyl carbamazine tablet. Diethyl carbamazine injection.
Brand Names- Filazine, Banocide forte, Heterozan.

Q7. What is tuberculosis? Define and classify antitubercular drugs with examples. (S. 99, 00, 01, 05, 07, 08; W. 99, 04,06)
Ans- Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antitubercular Drugs Agents The drugs which are
used in the treatment of tuberculosis are called antitubercular drugs. Classification P-amino salicylic acid derivative, e.g. para-amino
salicylic acid (PAS). Pyridine derivative, e.g. isoniazid, ethionamide. Pyrazine derivative, e.g. pyrazinamide. Ethylene diamine
derivative, e.g. ethambutol. Antibiotics, e.g. cycloserine, streptomycin, rifampicin