Goll dalle! dail! dy all INTERNATIONAL INDIAN SCHODL P.O. BOX 5665, AJMAN, UAE | T: +971 67408333 | info@iisayman.org | www isajman 07g CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT-(2021-22) SOFT DRINK ANALYSIS Submitted by- MD AMINUL ISLAM Grade- XII-A Roll-27617353aol Godllell dois! div aall INTERNATIONAL INDIAN SCHGDL PO. BOX S665, AJMAN, UAE |T : «971 67408333 | info@isajman.org | worn laaienan.org CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT CLASS XII CBSE REGISTER NUMBER: } | \4353 This is to certify that the Cuemicsey peers titled 2064 ORIN KS ANALYSIS ‘has successfully completed by Poem aria ASL APL. —--- of class XII in practical fulfillment of curriculum of CENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION (CBSE) leading to the award of annual examination of the year 2021-2022 Checked by Teacher-in-charge ABOOBAKKER SIDDIK..M Submitted for the Practical Examination on 2/3/2022 held at International Indian School, Ajman. External Examiner:Lam overwhelmed in all humbleness and gratefulness to acknowledge | ‘who have helped me to put these ideas well above the level of simplicity and into something. ‘concrete. | would like to express my special thanks to my teacher, Mr. Aboobakker and the Tab assistant Mrs Nazima, As well as our principal Qurat UI Ain who gave me the golden ‘opportunity to do this wonderful project on the topic "SOFT DRINKS”, which also helped me in doing a lot of research and I came to know about so many new things. [Any attempt at any level can't be satisfactorily completed without the support and guidance ‘of my parents and friends. | would like to thank my parents who helped me a fot in gathering different information, collecting data and guiding me from time to time in making this project despite their busy schedules. They gave me different ideas in making this project unique and helped in various phases for the completion of the project.2. Theory 3. Practical analysis, i) Detection of ph. ii) Test for CO; iii) Test for Glucose iv) ‘Test for phosphate v) Test for alcohol vi) Test for sucrose 4. Result Conclusion BibliographySoft drinks are largely produced as acidic beverages. Soft drink, any ofa class of nonalcoholic beverages, usually but not necessarily carbonated, normally containing a natural or artificial sweetening agent, edible acids, natural or artificial flavors, and sometimes juice. Natural flavors are derived from fruits, nuts, berries, roots, herbs, and other plant sources. The term soft drink was originated to distinguish the flavored drinks from hard liquor, or distilled spirits. Soft drinks were recommended as a substitute in the effort to change the hard-drinking habits of early Americans. Indeed, health concerns of modem consumers led to new categories of soft drinks emphasizing low calorie count, low sodium content, no caffeine, and “all natural” ingredients. HISTORY OF SOFT DRINKS The first marketed soft drinks appeared in the 17th century as a mixture of water and Jemon juice sweetened with honey. In 1676 the Compagnie de Limonadiers was formed in Paris and granted a monopoly for the sale of its products. Vendors carried tanks on their backs from which they dispensed cups of lemonade. Carbonated beverages and waters were developed from European attempts in the 17th century to imitate the popular and naturally effervescent waters of famous springs, with primary interest in their reputed therapeutic values, The effervescent feature of the waters was recognized early as most important, Flemish scientist Jan Baptista van Helmond first used the term gas in his reference to the carbon dioxide content. French physician Gabriel Venal referred to tist Joseph Black named aerated water, confusing the gas with ordinary air. British sci the gaseous constituent fixed SCOPE OF THE STUDY In recent days, soft drink brands were put into various questions regarding their purity. News flashed that they contain harmful pesticides, which arouse many interests in knowing its comtents because we have been drinking them for years. This study of soft drinks will be able to confirmhat health issues it can trigger, ADVANTAGES 3 Soft drinks are full of water and some carbonated compounds. Water keeps ‘us hydrated, People take more soft drinks in summer when the temperature is high. Due to the high temperature, we lose our body water in the form of ‘sweat, This time soft drinks keep us hydrated asi is fully water. Carbonate ‘water keeps your stomach full for a long time that prevents you from eating and promotes weight loss. It improves your food digestion and reduces your stomach pain. Soft drinks contain a high amount of carbohydrates. Sucrose and sugar is the main source of carbohydrate to sweeten soft drinks. It increases your energy level instantly. You can drink a soft drink ‘when you fel tied to get back your energy quickly. DISADVANTAGES Soft Drinks Lead to Type 2 Diabetes. Type 2-diabetes or insulin independent diabetes is the most common disorder, affecting millions of people worldwide. Soft drinks contain large quantities of sugar fructose, ‘which drastically increases fat around your belly or other organs. Apart from sugars and empty calories, soft drinks also contain some strong acids like phosphoric and carbonic acid, These acids, when combined with sugars, create a highly acidic environment inside your dental cavity, making the tooth enamel soft and vulnerable, therefore leading to tooth ‘decay. Essential nutrients and building blocks of the body like fibers, proteins, minerals and vitamins are totally absent in sugary sodas. It adds nothing to your diet except excessive amounts of added sugar and unnecessary caloriesCold drinks of different brands are dioxide, phosphate ions ete, Theses hhave a tangy taste which is tked by formation of froth on shaking the to florin carbonic acid which is al composed of alcohol, carbohydrates, carbon ‘oft drinks give a feeling of warmth, lightness and. everyone. Carbon dioxide is responsible for the bottle. The carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in water Iso responsible for the tar . Carbohydrates are the naturally occurring organic compound a major source of energy to our body. General formula of carbohydrates is Cx (H20). On the basis of their molecular size, carbohydrates are classified as:- Monosaecharide , Disaccharides and Polysaccharides, Glucose is a monosaccharide with formula CsH1120s.It occurs in Free State in ripe grapes, in bones and also in Inany sweet fruits. It is also present in human blood to the extent of about 0.1%. Suerose is one of the most useful disaccharides in our daily life. It is widely distributed in nature, for example, in juices, seeds and also in flowers of many plants. The main source of sucrose is sugar cane juice which contains 15-20 % sucrose and sugar beet which. has about 10-17 %sucrose. The ¢olecular formula of sucrose isC,gH2%) * It is produced by a mixture of glucose and fructose. It is non-reducing in nature whereas glucose is reducing, Cold drinks are a bit acidic in nature and their acidity can be ‘measured by finding their pH value. The pH values also depend upon the acidic contents such as citric acid and phosphoric acid.PRACTICAL ANAL YSIS AIM find the contents of soft drinks available in the market To find the ecAPPARATUS REQUIRED « Test Tubes Test tube holder ‘Test tube stand Stop watch Beaker Bunsen burner pH paper Tripod stand = china dish Wire Gauge Water bath«+ Potassium iodine + Sodium hydroxide + Febling’s A & B solutions + Distilled water * Concentrated HNO + Benedict solution + Aluminium molybdate SOFT DRINKS USED . Sprite + TUp + Fanta + Coca cola + Coca cola light Mountain dewnear bers unatended. Tum hem off whenever you eve your naan o | ser pint any test tue ‘or any vessel that you are heating at yourself or at your neighbor 0SEP he , pl paper. The change in the color of p aii ee OBSERVATION: NAME OF DRINK [Sprite | p Orange fp | a re om [Cocacola | Pink SCS Coca cola light INFERENCE: Soft drinks are generally acidic because of the presence of carbonic acid, citric acid and phosphoric acid. The pH values of cold drinks of different brands are different due to the variation in the amount of acidie contentsEXPERIMENT: As soon athe bottles were F hous Hime water The lime water tured miky, OBSERVATION: a a ea [coispresen | |e corre [a [cocacola | [I a INFERENCE: All the soft drinks contain dissolved carbon dioxide in water. The carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolves in water to form carbonic acid, which is responsible for its tangy taste CHEMICAL REACTIONS INVOLVED: Ca(OH), (3) + CO, (g) > CaCO, (8) HO)Glucose isa reducing sugar acid. Its presence is EXPERIMENT: | Benedict's solution test: ‘Asmall sample of cold drink of different brands was taken ina test tube and afew drops cof Benedict's reagent were added. The test tube was heated for a few second Formation of reddish color confirms the presence of glucose in the cold drinks. OBSERVATION: OBSERVATION iI [2 | 7 bo es [4 [Coca cota Coca cola light INFERENCE: All the samples gave positive tests for glucose withBenedict's reagent. Hence all the drinks contain glucose.2. Fehling’s Test: ‘A small sample of cold drinks of diff Fehling’s A solution and Fehling’s B Pett brands as taken ina test tube an heated in a water bath for 10 minutes, Appa added in equal amounts. of glucose in cold drinks. 1€e of brown precipitate confirms the presence OBSERVATION: NAME OF DRINK | OBSERVATION] CONCLUSION [See [Orange Teper] —— Red Glucose present Orange. Glucose present Coca cola light fe wenn “Glucose present Orange Glucose present INFERENCE: All the soft drinks gave positive tests for glucose with Benedict's reagent. Hence all the drinks contain glucose.ihepresence of phosphate ions, OBSERVATION: SL Coca cola light Mountain dew NAME OF DRINK OBSERVATION [Fa [Yetow Pri psa Light yellow Dirty yellow ppt Light yellow CONCLUSION Phosphate present NFERENCE: All the soft drinks contain phosphate ions which are detected by the presence ‘Fphosphate when canary yellow is obtained cHEMICAL REACTIONS INVOLVED: GaHPO4 + 12(NH4}>Mn04+ 21FINO3 +3H.0 'NHg)3PO4.12Mn03+21NP',NO, +12H,05, TEST FOR of each brand of cold drinks are taken in_a sample pousiun fdine and sodiom hy drove soton i added to are heated in a hot water bath for 30 minutes, yellow colored presence of aloo in cold drinks, OBSERVATIONS: a CS Asi SH [rams [omnes | Atos Ae [s_| Coca cola light ‘Alcohol is present fe Nomaindew —[Yetow [Ain ro INFERENCE: All the brands of eold drink contain alcohol by i 3 CHEMICAL REACTIONS INVOLVED: CH,CHOH +41 + 6NaOH = > CHI + HCOONa +5Nal +5H,0ageoh brand of 010 drink was taken in a china dish and ge occurred. Black colored residue let confirms the presence of OBSERVATION |CONCLUSION ‘Suerose is present Black residue Sucrose is present Black residue Black residue Sucrose is present if sucrose INFERENCE: All the brands of cold drink contain suerose, But the amount o} varies in each brand of drink4, serite 2 3, Fanta 4, Coca cola 5, covacol Fiat 6, Mountain dew + llcontain glucose, alcohol, sucrose, phosphate ions and carbon dioxide. All are ‘cide in nature. On comparing the pH values of different brands, Coca cola is the most acidic ofall the four brands taken, pi value of Coca cola is nearly equal to «Among the six samples of cold drinks taken, spite has the maximum amount of infectants which are harmful for the body. dissolved CO and Fanta has the minimum amount of dissolved CO,Lie CONCLUSION ysaDvaNTAGES OF COLD DRINKS: sot inks re ile more harmful than ugar soltions, as z 1 Mae amounts which causes "diabetes" they contain sugar in >, Soft drinks cam ‘cause Weight gain as they interfere with the body's natural ability to + ~ suppress hunger feelings. «the ability o dissolve the calcium so they are also harmful for soft drinks have cour bones. soft rinks contain “phosphoric acid” which has @ pH value of 2.8, so they cam dissolve a nail in about 4 days. For ansporation of Soft inks syrup, the commereal truck must se the pavardous matter place cards reserved for highly conceived mat oll 6, Soft rinks also have the ability to remove blod so they ae very harmful to cour body: USES OF COLD DRINKS: Cold drinks can be used as toilet cleaners. They ean remove rust spots from the chrome ear bumpers, jon from ear battery terminals. “detergent to remove grease from clothes. 1 2 3. They ean elean corrosi 4. Soft drinks are used as an excellent 5, They can lose a rusted bolt+ There might be errors finding the pH value of a particular salt + High possibility of technical error Slip in the mixing of salts which would lead to different pH values.BIBLIOGRAPHY Laboratory manual of chemistry BY Veena Suri pinesh companion chemistry. BY S.K, Malhotra ups merckmillipore.com/Aien/ps-learing Menter/applications/soft-rink ’ing-centers/beverage-production-learning- provesing PBeb gB.mBOAAAFC_spY Znxrnav m com%2F&bd=1 ‘eferrerURL=https%3A%2F%2Fwww bing. pps: scienedirect.com/opies/agricultural-and-biological-science/soft-drinks - tps/vww:britannica.com/topic/softdrink xed DY ere siDDIK-T iM