Database Administration

University: KEU
Faculty: Computer Science
Dep: Information System
Semester: 6 Lecturer: Assadullah Mohammadi
Agenda

• Data storing and block

• Data processing and movement
• Undo & Redo
• RBMS architecture
• Real application cluster(RAC).
• Process architecture
• Oracle back ground process
How Do Computers process?

• They work in bits (0 and 1’s)

• 8 bits = 1 Byte
Data blocks
Where data stored?
Data stored at permanent devices like(Hard disk and magnetically tapes)

permanent devices like(Hard disk and magnetically tapes) store data

permanently, we can store and read data any time which we want
Where is data processed?
• It is processed in Random Access Memory.
• Also called as main memory/ temporary memory/ executable memory.
Data movement
What is Undo?
What is REDO?
RDBMS architecture
 Real Application Clusters(RAC)

Every running database must be associated at least

with one instance. But one database can connect with
more then one instance if necessary. When we
connect one database with multi instance it will
provide scalability and higher availability.
Scalability means a huge number of users can access
database.
Higher Availability means if one instance down, other
instance can run by the customers.
For these reason DBAs configure multiple instance to
provide scalability and higher availability.
This type of configuration is RAC
Continue..

We can’t connect a single instance to

multiple databases. Am instance can
be connected only one database not
more databases.
Process Architecture

Application Program / SQL*plus

Oracle Background processes
Database writer
Database writer

When will database writer write?

• When a server process connote find a clean reusable buffer.
• DBWn writers buffers to advance the checkpoint, which is
the position in the redo log from which instance recovery
begins. This log position is determined by the oldest dirty
buffer in the buffer cache.
Log writer
What is checkpoint?
When will a checkpoint occur?
Checkpoint
System monitor process(SMON)
Process Monitor(PMON)
Recover(RECO)
Archiverer(Arc)