P.B.

SIDDHARTHA COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCE ,

VIJAYAWADA

B.Sc.(M.P.C/M.P.Cs)
PROGRAMME STRUCTURE
PHYSICS SYLLABUS
w.e.f 2013-14

2013-14

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
Programme Specific Outcomes(Pso)
PSO1 Understand core physical concepts, principles and theories along with their applications
in wave theory, optics, Newtonian mechanics, thermodynamics and radiation physics,
Electromagnetism, Special and general theories of relativity, quantum mechanics, atomic
physics, nuclear and elementary particle physics, solid state physics, analog and digital
electronics, microprocessors and microcontrollers, electronic instrumentation and
computational methods and programming .
PSO2 Develop proficiency in the analysis of complex physical problems and the use of
mathematical or other appropriate techniques to solve them.
PSO3 Perform procedures as per laboratory standards in the areas of wave theory, optics,
Newtonian mechanics, thermodynamics radiation physics, Electromagnetism, Special and
general theories of relativity, quantum mechanics, atomic physics, nuclear and
elementary particle physics, solid state physics, analog and digital electronics,
microprocessors and microcontrollers ,electronic instrumentation and computational
methods and programming .
PSO4 Understand the applications of Physics and electronics in other fields of science and
technology.
Programme outcomes (Pos)
PO1. Critical Thinking: Take informed actions after identifying the assumptions that frame our
thinking and actions, checking out the degree to which these assumptions are accurate
and valid, and looking at our ideas and decisions (intellectual, organizational and
personal) from different perspectives.
PO2. Effective Communication: Speak, read, write and listen clearly in person and through
electronic media in English and in one Indian language, and make meaning of the world
by connecting people, ideas, books, media and technology.
PO3. Social Interaction: Elicit views of others, mediate disagreements and help reach
conclusions in group settings.
PO4. Effective Citizenship: Demonstrate empathetic social concern and equity-centred national
development, and the ability to act with an informed awareness of issues and participate
in civic life through volunteering.
PO5. Ethics: Recognize different value systems including your own, understand the moral
dimensions of your decisions, and accept responsibility for them.
PO6. Environment and Sustainability: Understand the issues of environmental contexts and
sustainable development.
PO7. Self-directed and Life-long Learning: Acquire the ability to engage in independent and
life-long learning in the broadest context socio-technological changes.
 B.Sc.(M.P.C) PROGRAMME STRUCTURE
Revised Common Framework of CBCS for PBSC w.e.f..2013-14
Table-1: B.Sc.(M.P.C) SEMESTER - I
Type of the Total Sem End Teaching
Sno Course Course Code Part No IA TEST Credits
Paper Marks Exam Hours
1 Telugu-I, TEL011A I First Language 100 25 75 4 3

2 Hindi-I HIN011A I First Language 100 25 75 4 3

3 English-I ENG011A I Second 100 25 75 6 2

Language
Three Dimensional Geometry & Vector
4 MAT011 II Core 100 25 75 6 3
Calculus
5 Mechanics Relativity and Ultrasonics PHY011 II Core 100 25 75 4 3

6 Physical & General Chemistry-I CHE011B II Core 100 25 75 4 3

Table-2: B.Sc.(M.P.C) SEMESTER - II

Type of the Total Sem End Teaching
Sno Course Course Code Part No IA TEST Credits
Paper Marks Exam Hours
1 Telugu-II, TEL012B I First Language 100 25 75 4 2

2 Hindi-II HIN012A I First Language 100 25 75 4 2

3 English-II ENG012A I Second 100 25 75 6 3

Language
Differential Equations, Number Theory &
4 MAT012 II Core 100 25 75 6 3
Three Dimensional Geometry
5 Mathematics-I: Practical MAT022 II Core 100 25 75 1 1

6 Waves & Oscillations PHY012 II Core 100 25 75 4 4

7 Physics-I Practical PHY022 II Core 100 25 75 3 1

8 Inorganic & Organic Chemistry-I CHE012B II Core 100 25 75 4 4

9 Chemistry-I Practical CHE022A II Core 100 25 75 3 1

 Table-3: B.Sc.(M.P.C) SEMESTER - III
Type of the Total Sem End Teaching
Sno Course Course Code Part No IA TEST Credits
Paper Marks Exam Hours
1 Telugu-III, TEL013B I First Language 100 25 75 4 3

2 Hindi-III HIN013A I First Language 100 25 75 4 3

Second
3 English-III ENG013A I 100 25 75 6 3
Language
4 Real Analysis & Group Theory-I MAT013 II Core 100 25 75 6 4

5 Optics PHY013 II Core 100 25 75 4 3

6 Inorganic & Organic Chemistry-II CHE013A II Core 100 25 75 4 3

Table-4:B.Sc.(M.P.C)SEMESTER - IV
Type of the Total Sem End Teaching
Sno Course Course Code Part No IA TEST Credits
Paper Marks Exam Hours
1 Telugu-IV, TEL014A I First Language 100 25 75 4 3

2 Hindi-IV HIN014A I First Language 100 25 75 4 3

Second
3 English-IV ENG014A I 100 25 50+25(LAB) 6 3
Language
4 Real Analysis & Group Theory-II MAT014 II Core 100 25 75 6 4

5 Mathematics-II Practical MAT024 II Core 100 25 75 1 2

6 Electricity & Magnetism PHY014 II Core 100 25 75 4 4

7 Physics-II Practical PHY024 II Core 100 25 75 3 2

8 Physical and General Chemistry-II CHE014A II Core 100 25 75 4 4

9 Chemistry-II Practical CHE024A II Core 100 25 75 3 2

 Table-5: B.Sc.(M.P.C) SEMESTER -V
Type of the Total Sem End Teaching
Sno Course Course Code Part No IA TEST Credits
Paper Marks Exam Hours
1 Ring Theory & Vector Spaces MAT015 II Core 100 25 75 5 4

2 Numerical Analysis & Special Functions-I MAT025 II Core 100 25 75 5 4

3 Thermodynamics PHY015A II Core 100 25 75 3 3

4 Basic Electronics PHY025 II Core 100 25 75 3 3

5 Inorganic and Organic Chemistry-III CHE015A II Core 100 25 75 3 3

6 Physical & Organic Chemistry CHE025A II Core 100 25 75 3 3

Table-6:B.Sc.(M.P.C) SEMESTER - VI
Type of the Total Sem End Teaching
Sno Course Course Code Part No IA TEST Credits
Paper Marks Exam Hours
1 Linear Transformations & Matrices MAT016 II Core 100 25 75 5 2
Elective : Numerical Analysis & Special
2 MAT026 II Core 100 25 75 5 4
Functions-II
3 Mathematics-III Practical MAT066 II Core 100 25 75 1 1
4 Mathematics-IV Practical MAT076 II Core 100 25 75 1 1
5 Nuclear Physics & Solid State Physics PHY016A II Core 100 25 75 3 2
Elective : Spectroscopy & Quantum
6 PHY026 II Core 100 25 75 3 2
Mechanics
7 Physics-III Practical PHY036 II Core 100 25 75 3 1
8 Physics-IV Practical PHY046 II Core 100 25 75 3 1
9 Chemistry & Industry-I CHE016A II Core 100 25 75 3 2
10 Elective : Chemistry & Industry-II CHE026A II Core 100 25 75 3 2
11 Chemistry-III Practical CHE036A II Core 100 25 75 3 2
12 Chemistry-IV Practical CHE046A II Core 100 25 75 3 2

Value Added Courses for PBSC w.e.f..2013-14

Course Type of the Total IA Sem End Teaching
S.NO Course Semester Part No Credits
Code Paper Marks TEST Exam Hours

Science, Technology &

1 FOC020 I II Value Added 100 25 75 2 1
Development
Contemporary India-Economy,
2 FOC010 II II Value Added 100 25 75 2 1
Polity & Society

3 Environmental Studies ENS010 IV II Value Added 100 25 75 2 1

4 Basics of Management IDC030 IV II Value Added 100 25 75 4 3

Fundamentals of Business
5 IDC040 VI II Value Added 100 25 75 2 1
Environment
 B.Sc.(M.P.Cs) PROGRAMME STRUCTURE
Revised Common Framework of CBCS for PBSC w.e.f..2013-14
Table-1: B.Sc. (MPCS) SEMESTER - I
Type of the Total Sem End Teaching
Sno Course Course Code Part No IA TEST Credits
Paper Marks Exam Hours
1 Telugu-I TEL011A I First Language 100 25 75 4 3

2 Hindi-I HIN011A I First Language 100 25 75 4 3

3 English-I ENG011A I Second 100 25 75 6 2

Language
Three Dimensional Geometry and
4 MAT011 II Core 100 25 75 6 3
Vector Calculus

5 Mechanics Relativity and Ultrasonics PHY011 II Core 100 25 75 4 3

6 Programming in C CSC011A II Core 100 25 75 4 3

Table-2: B.Sc. (MPCS) SEMESTER - II
Type of the Total Sem End Teaching
Sno Course Course Code Part No IA TEST Credits
Paper Marks Exam Hours
1 Telugu-II TEL012B I First Language 100 25 75 4 2

2 Hindi-II HIN012A I First Language 100 25 75 4 2

Second
3 English-II ENG012A I 100 25 75 90 3
Language
Differential Equations, Number Theory
4 MAT012 II Core 100 25 75 6 3
& Three Dimensional Geometry
5 Mathematics-I: Practical MAT022 II Core 100 25 75 1 1

6 Waves and Oscillations PHY012 II Core 100 25 75 4 4

7 Physics-I Practical PHY022 II Core 100 25 75 3 1

8 Data Structures using C CSC012A II Core 100 25 75 4 4

9 Computer Applications-I CSC022 II Core 100 25 75 3 1

 Table-3: B.Sc. (MPCS) SEMESTER - III
Type of the Total Sem End Teaching
Sno Course Course Code Part No IA TEST Credits
Paper Marks Exam Hours
1 Telugu-III TEL013B I First Language 100 25 75 4 3

2 Hindi-III HIN013A I First Language 100 25 75 4 3

Second
3 English-III ENG013A I 100 25 75 6 3
Language

4 Real Analysis & Group Theory-I MAT013 II Core 100 25 75 6 4

5 Optics PHY013 II Core 100 25 75 4 3

6 OOPs using JAVA CSC013A II Core 100 25 75 4 3

Table-4: B.Sc. (MPCS) SEMESTER - IV

Type of the Total Sem End Teaching
Sno Course Course Code Part No IA TEST Credits
Paper Marks Exam Hours
1 Telugu-IV, TEL014A I First Language 100 25 75 4 3

2 Hindi-IV HIN014A I First Language 100 25 75 4 3

Second
3 English-IV ENG014A I 100 25 50+25(LAB) 6 3
Language

4 Real Analysis & Group Theory-II MAT014 II Core 100 25 75 6 4

5 Mathematics-II: Practical MAT024 II Core 100 25 75 1 2

6 Electricity & Magnetism PHY014 II Core 100 25 75 4 3

7 Physics-II PHY024 II Core 100 25 75 3 2

8 Database Management Systems CSC014 II Core 100 25 75 4 3
9 Computer Applications-II CSC024A II Core 100 25 75 3 2
 Table-5: B.Sc. (MPCS) SEMESTER - V
Type of the Total Sem End Teaching
Sno Course Course Code Part No IA TEST Credits
Paper Marks Exam Hours

1 Ring Theory & Vector Spaces MAT015 II Core 100 25 75 5 4

2 Operations Research-I MAT035 II Core 100 25 75 5 3

3 Thermodynamics PHY015A II Core 100 25 75 3 2

4 Basic Electronics PHY025 II Core 100 25 75 3 2

5 Software Engineering CSC015A II Core 100 25 75 3 3

6 C#.Net CSC075 II Core 100 25 75 3 3

7 Web Technologies (PHP & My SQL) CSC085 II Core 100 25 75 3 3

Table-6: B.Sc. (MPCS) SEMESTER - VI
Type of the Total Sem End Teaching
Sno Course Course Code Part No IA TEST Credits
Paper Marks Exam Hours
1 Linear Transformations & Matrices MAT016 II Core 100 25 75 5 3
2 Operations Research-II MAT036 II Core 100 25 75 5 4
3 Mathematics-III: Practical MAT066 II Core 100 25 75 1 1
4 Mathematics-IV: Practical MAT086 II Core 100 25 75 1 1
5 Nuclear Physics & Solid State Physics PHY016A II Core 100 25 75 3 2
Elective: Spectroscopy & Quantum
6 PHY026 II Core 100 25 75 3 2
Mechanics
7 Physics-III: Practical PHY036 II Core 100 25 75 3 2
8 Physics-IV: Practical PHY046 II Core 100 25 75 3 2
9 Operating Systems CSC016B II Core 100 25 75 3 2
10 Elective : Project Work CSC036 II Core 100 25 75 5 2
11 Computer Applications-III CSC046A II Core 100 25 75 3 2
Elective : Computer Applications-IV
12 CSC056A II Core 100 25 75 3 2
Practical
Elective : Computer Applications-IV
13 CSC066A II Core 100 25 75 3 2
Practical

Value Added Courses for PBSC w.e.f..2013-14

Course Type of the Total IA Sem End Teaching
S.NO Course Semester Part No Credits
Code Paper Marks TEST Exam Hours

Science, Technology &

1 FOC020 I II Value Added 100 25 75 2 1
Development
Contemporary India-Economy,
2 FOC010 II II Value Added 100 25 75 2 1
Polity & Society

3 Environmental Studies ENS010 IV II Value Added 100 25 75 2 1

4 Basics of Management IDC030 IV II Value Added 100 25 75 4 3

Fundamentals of Business
5 IDC040 VI II Value Added 100 25 75 2 1
Environment
 PARVATHANENI BRAHMAYYA SIDDHARTHA COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE VIJAYAWADA – 520 010
(An Autonomous College in the jurisdiction of Acharya Nagarjuna University Nagarjuna Nagar – 522 510)

PHYSICS PHY011 2013-‘14 B.Sc.

Semester-I CREDITS - 3 Paper-I

Total: 60 L
MECHANICS RELATIVITY AND ULTRASONICS

CO1.Determine the resultant force and moment for a given system ( PO1,PSO2 )

CO2.Calculate the motion parameters for a body subjected to a given force

system.(PO5,PSO1)

CO3.Enhance the knowledge on beams and understand the applications of

ultrasonics(PO4,PSO4)

UNIT – I
1. Dynamics of a system of particles (14 Periods)
Centre of mass frame and laboratory frame of reference collisions in two and three
dimensions – concepts of impact parameter and scattering cross-section. Transformation
of physical quantities between center of mass and laboratory frames – Rutherford
scattering – variable mass systems – motion of rocket under constant gravitational field.

2. Rotatory motion (14 Periods)

Kinetic relations in inertial and non inertial frames of reference – coriolis force –
rotating body as a system of particles under constraints – pure translation and pure
rotation of rigid body – combined motion – equations of motion for a rotating body –
angular momentum - torque – precession of a top gyroscope – precession equinoxes -
Euler’s equations.

UNIT – II
3. Central forces (14 periods)
Central forces – definition and examples – conservative nature of central forces –
conservation of angular momentum – equation of motion of a particle – gravitational field
and gravitational potential due to a solid sphere – motion under inverse – square law –
derivation of Kepler’s laws.

4. Relativity (12 periods)

Galelian relativity – search for absolute frame of reference michelson morley experiment
– postulates of special theory of relativity – Lorentz transformation – concept of 4 –
vector formulism – time dilation – length contration, addition of velocities – derivation of
mass energy relation.
UNIT III
5. Introduction to Ultrasonics (6 periods)
Generators of ultrasonics – Properties of ultrasonics – detectors, Applications of
ultrasonics –Piesoelectric effect and magnetostriotion methods.
 INTERNAL I UNIT I - INTERNAL II UNIT II
REFERENCE BOOKS FOR SEMESTER-I:
Fundamentals of physics - David Halliday – Robert Resnick and Jearl Walker
(IV Ed.)Asian Books (PVT) Ltd., N. Delhi.
Mechanics – Hans & Puri (TMS Publications)
Introduction to physics for Scientists and Engineers - F.J. Ruche (Mc Graw Hill)
Mechanics - A.A. Kamal (New age int. Ltd)
Elements of Ultasonics - J.Blits
Mechanics - Upadhyaya
Mechanics, waves and Oscillations - Telugu Academy Publication
Relativity - Resnick
B.Sc. Physics Vol- I - Sastry, Shankara Rao and Babu Rao
A text book of engineering Mechanics - R.K.Rajput (Dhampat Rai and Sons)
 PARVATHANENI BRAHMAYYA SIDDHARTHA COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE VIJAYAWADA – 520 010
(An Autonomous College in the jurisdiction of Krishna University Machiliptanam A.P. India)
PHY012 2013-‘14
PHYSICS B.Sc.
PHYT21 2015-‘16

Semester-II CREDITS- 3 Paper-II

Total: 60 L
WAVES AND OSCILLATIONS
OBJECTIVES
1. By studying the chapter oscillations we can expect to understand the
nature and causes of oscillations.
2. Demonstrate a sound understanding of the behaviour of oscillating
systems and the associated topic of wave generation and propagation
3. Develop the mathematical formalism that describes vibrations,
oscillations and waves
4. Use that mathematical formulism to become proficient in the solution of
analytical and numerical problems in vibratory and wave phenomena
5. Recognise a whole host of examples of oscillatory and wave phenomena
and devices across a wide and diverse range of domains in physics

After successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
CO1. Understanding of the physical principles of oscillations and wave propagation
(PO7,PSO1)
CO2. Enhance the knowledge on complexity of vibrations. (PO4,PSO4)
CO3. Acquire the knowledge on the properties of sound waves.(PO1,PSO3)

UNIT–1
1. 1 Fundamentals of vibrations (12 periods)
1.1.1 Simple harmonic oscillator and solution of the differential equation - 1.1.2 Physical
characteristics of SHM -1.1.3 energy of vibrations – 1.1.4 frequency of loaded spring taking its mass
into consideration –1.1.5 linear and mutually perpendicular combination of simple harmonic
vibrations of same angular frequency and of different frequencies -1.1.6 Lissajou’s figures 1.1.7
phenomenon of beats and applications .
1.2 Damped and forced oscillations (12 Periods)
1.2.1 Damped oscillator and solution of the differential equation – 1.2.2 logarithmic decrement and
relaxation time – 1.2.3 the differential equation of forced oscillations and its solution - 1.2.4
applications – 1.2.5 analogy between mechanical and electrical oscillator – 1.2.6 resonance and Q –
factor.
UNIT – II
2.1 Complex vibrations (6 periods)
2.1.1 Fourier theorem and evaluation of the coefficients in Fourier series – 2.1.2 Analysis of
periodic wave function of square wave-2.1.3 triangular wave – 2.1.4 saw-tooth wave.
2.2 Vibrating strings (14 periods)
2.2.1 Transverse wave propagation along a stretched string – 2.2.2 general solution of wave
equation and its significance – 2.2.3 reflection at a boundary 2.2.4 Solution of wave equation –2.2.5
standing waves and expression for standing waves 2.2.6 overtones and harmonics – 2.2.7 energy of
vibration 2.2.8 forced vibrations of an infinite string and of finite length.
2.3 Coupled oscillators (6 periods)
2.3.1 Introduction and examples – 2.3.2 two coupled oscillators – 2.3.3 normal mode solution –
2.3.4 n - coupled oscillators – 2.3.5 derivation of wave equation
UNIT - III
3.1 Acoustic plane waves ( 10 periods)
3.1.1 Elastic behavior of fluids plane wave equation and its harmonic solution – 3.1.2 velocity of
sound in fluids 3.1.3 energy density of plane waves – 3.1.4 acoustic intensity – 3.1.5 specific
acoustic impedance.

INTERNAL I UNIT I INTERNAL II UNIT II

TEXT BOOKS FOR SEMESTER-II:
1. B.Sc First year physics -TeluguAcademyPublication
2. Fundamentals of Acoustics – H.E.Kinsler & A.R. Frey
3. B.Sc. Physics Vol - I - Sastry, Shankara Rao and Babu Rao
4.Waves and Oscillations - S. Badami, V.Balasubramanian And K. Rama Reddy (Orient Longman)
Reference books
Fundamentals of physics - David Halliday – Robert Resnick and Jearl Walker (IV Ed.) Asian Books
(PVT) Ltd., N. Delhi.
 PARVATHANENI BRAHMAYYA SIDDHARTHA COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE VIJAYAWADA – 520 010
(An Autonomous College in the jurisdiction of Acharya Nagarjuna University Nagarjuna Nagar – 522 510 A.P. India)
PHYSICS PHY013 2013-‘14 B.Sc.

Semester-III Credits - 4 Paper-III

OPTICS Total : 60 L
Objectives
To help students to understand the nature of light, its propagation and interaction with
matter which is essential to constantly emerging newest technologies.
 To provide hands-on experience in optics which will be greatly appreciated in the modern
industrial job market.

After successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
CO1. Understand basic optics, including paraxial optics, system layout, and lens performance
criteria.Understand interference and various phenomena of light occurring in
nature.(PO1,PSO1)
CO2. Understand the diffraction and solve problems related to diffraction grating and
understand the properties of light.(PO4,PSO2)
CO3. Enhance the knowledge on lasers, holography and optical fibers.(PO2,PSO4)

1. MATRIX METHODS IN PARAXIAL OPTICS (8 Periods)

Concept and derivation of translation, refraction and system matrices-position of the image plane
and magnification of the optical system-Application of matrix methods to simple optical systems
(1) a thick lens (2) thin lenses in contact (3) two thin lenses separated by a distance-cardinal
points of lens system, Unit and nodal planes.
2. ABERRATION (6 Periods) (Matrix methods)
Chromatic aberration in a lens - the achromatic doublet-Achromatism for two lenses in contact
and separated by a distance –Monochromatic in aberration. The spherical aberration (longitudinal
spherical aberration) due to (i) a plane refracting surface and (ii) a spherical surface (expressions
without proof) minimization of spherical aberration – Explanation of coma-Astigmatism.
3. INTERFERENCE (14 Periods)
The superposition principle- coherence –Interference by division of wave front – Fresnel’s
biprism, determination of wavelength of light. Change of phase on reflection –Determination of
thickenss of a transparent material using prism. Interference by division of amplitude-Oblique
incidence of a plane wave on a thin film (the cosine law) – Colours of thin films-Non-reflecting
films-Interference by a plane parallel film illuminated by a point source-Interference by a film
with tow non-parallel reflecting surfaces (wedge shaped film)- Determination of diameter of wire.
Newton’s rings in reflected and transmitted light, determination of wavelength of monochromatic
light-Michelson Interferometer, types of fringes, determination of wavelength of monochromatic
light, thickness of a thin plate.
UNIT II
4. DIFFRACTION (12 Periods)
Fraunhofer diffraction-Diffraction due to a single slit and circular aperture. Limit of
resolution-Two slit Fraunhofer diffraction-Fraunhofer diffraction pattern with N slits –The
diffraction grating – normal and oblique incidence determination of wavelength of light. Fresnel
diffraction-Fresnel half-period zones-zone plate-Diffraction at a straight edge-Diffraction of plane
waves by a straight edge.
5. POLARIZATION AND DOUBLE REFRACTION (10 Periods)
Polarized light, Brewster’s law, Malus law, phenomenon of double refraction in calcite.
Refraction of a plane wave incident on a negative crystal like calcite – Nicol prism. Quarter wave
plate and half wave plate, Production and Analysis of polarized light by quarter wave plate.
Babinet compensator – Optical activity-Laurentz half shade polarimeter experiment.

UNIT III
6. LASERS, FIBER OPTICS AND HOLOGRAPHY: (10 Periods)
Spontaneous, stimulated emission- Laser principle- Population inversion- Einstein coefficients-
Types of lasers, He-Ne and Ruby lasers and the application of lasers. Optical fiber types, rays and
modes, Step and graded index fibers and their structure, Fiber materials, Principles of fiber
communications (qualitative treatment only) Basic principles of holography, Gabor hologram and
its limitations, application of hologram.
INTERNAL I UNIT I INTERNAL II UNIT II
REFERENCE BOOKS
Introduction to Modern Optics -G.K.Fowles (Holt-Rinehart)
B.Sc Physics Vol II -Sastry, Shankar Rao & Babu Rao, (S. Chand)
B.Sc Optics -Telugu Academy
Optics -Brijlal and Subrahmanyam (S.Chand & Co)
Fourier Optics -Goodman
Fiber Optic Communications -Aggarwal, 2ed Wheeler Pub.
Optics -Hecht.
 PARVATHANENI BRAHMAYYA SIDDHARTHA COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE VIJAYAWADA – 520 010
(An Autonomous College in the jurisdiction of Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar – 522 510 A.P. India)
PHYSICS PHY014 2013-‘14 B.Sc.

Semester-IV Credits- 4 Paper-IV

ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETICS
UNIT – I Total : 60 L
OBJECTIVES
1. Ability to explain the basic concepts of Electrostatic fields, Magnetostatic fields,
electrodynamic concepts, Maxwell equations and electromagnetic waves.
2. Ability to use methods and tools to analyze these concepts, characterize them and to calculate
them from given sources. Both in concept as well as in practice.
3. Build an overview of the domain of Electrodynamics with a detailed interconnecting scheme
of sub-domains.
4. Ability to handle mathematical methods and tools to meet the objectives.
5. Ability to analyze a given problem - Ability to translate the physical problem in a
mathematical formulism.
6. Use the mathematics and its tools to solve the problem
7. Translate the mathematical results in terms of physics results
8. Test the found solution against known, or easy to calculate, limits.
9. Magnetic fields are everywhere. There are all types of waveforms, intensities, and
frequencies. Magnetic fields bathe the whole Earth and have significant effects on living
organisms.
10. Magnetic fields cannot be felt, sensed, or seen like patterns of light, or heard like sounds, so
their biological effects have largely gone unnoticed. But there is a lot to learn about
magnetism and its relationship to the whole Earth, the Sun, the planets, and all the stars and
galaxies.

After successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
CO 1. Illustrate the basics concepts of electric circuits, magnetic circuits (PO1,PSO1)
CO 2. Analyze and solve electric and magnetic circuits (PO4,PSO2)
CO 3. Know the production methods of electromagnetic waves (PO3,PSO4)

1. (a) ELECTROSTATICS (12 periods)

Gauss law and its applications, electric field due to an infinite conduction sheet of charge,
uniformly charged sphere and charged cylindrical conductors, mechanical force on a charged
conductor, electric potential, potential due to charged spherical conductor, and electric dipole and
an infinite line of charge.
(b) CAPACITANCE (4 periods)
Capacity of concentric spheres and cylindrical condenser, Force between the plates of
condenser, attracted disc electrometer – construction and working.

2. DIELECTRICS (10 periods)

An atomic view, potential energy of a dipole in an electric filed, polarization and charge
density, dielectrics and Gauss’s law. Relation between D, E and P. Dielectric constant and
susceptibility. Boundary conditions at the dielectric surface. Molecular field in dielectric and
Claussius-Mossotti relation. Magnectic Induction (B) and field (H) permeability and
susceptibility
UNIT – II
3) MAGNETOSTATICS (20)
a) Magnetic properties of materials –
Langeveins theory of paramagnetism, Weiss theory of frerromagnetism.
b) Biot-Sevart law and calculation of B due to long straight wire, circular current
loop and solenoid, magnetic shell, Potential and field due to magnetic shell.
Equivalent of electric circuit and magnetic shell, Application of field due to
magnetic shell, Hysteresis loop, B-H curve-theory and experiment. Force on a
current carrying conductor, force and torque on current loop. Ballistic
galvanometer – theory-damping correction-Hall-effect.
c) Cyclotron, Synchrocyclotron and synchrotron and betatron.

4) MAXWELL’S EQUATIONS (5 periods)

A review of basic laws of electricity and magnetism. Displacement current, Maxwell’s equations in
differential form. Maxwell’s wave equation.

UNIT III
5) ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES (5 periods)
Plane electromagnetic waves - Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves, Poynting theorem.
Production of electromagnetic waves Hertz experiment Field due to a slow moving electron and
accelerated electron. Rate of emission of electromagnetic energy.

INTERNAL I UNIT I INTERNAL II UNIT II & UNIT III

REFERENCE BOOKS FOR SEMESTER-IV:

1. Electricity - Berkeley Physics series
2. Electricity and Electronics - Tayal
3. Electricity and Magnetism - Brijlal and Subrahmanyam
4. Electricity and Magnetism - C.J. Smith
5. Electricity and Magnetism - C.J.Smith and Rangawala
6. Third year Physics (B.Sc.,) - Telugu Akademi
 ARVATHANENI BRAHMAYYA SIDDHARTHA COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE VIJAYAWADA – 520 010
(An Autonomous College in the jurisdiction of Krishna University, Machilipatnam)

2014-‘15
PHYSICS PHY015B 2015-‘16 B.Sc.
2016-‘17

Semester-V Paper-V
Credits-3 Max.Marks: 75 Total : 45 L

THERMODYNAMICS
Objectives:
I. To identify the unique vocabulary associated with thermodynamics through the precise definition of
basic concepts to form a sound foundation for the development of the scientific principles.
II. To understand the basic concepts of thermodynamics such as system, state, state postulate,
equilibrium, process, cycle, energy, and various forms of energy.
III. To determine thermodynamic properties of real Substances
IV. To Understand the meaning of heat and work
V. To understand the engineering significance of the second law of thermodynamics: maximum work
and maximum efficiency in reversible processes
VI. To apply the first and second law to the analysis of engine and refrigeration cycles, using common
idealizations for such cycles
VII. To introduce an intuitive systematic problem solving technique that can be used as a model in
solving engineering problems
VIII. Students will be able to recognize and solve a variety of types of problems concerning with
thermodynamics.
IX. Students will be able to investigate, understand, and innovate in real life situations

After completion of this course the student will be able to:

CO1. Apply the kinetic theory of gases, the properties of ideal gases and interactions that
lead to non-ideal behavior, to predict the behavior of gas with change in temperature,
pressure and volume.(Po1,PSO1)
CO2. Use the laws of thermodynamics and understand the efficiency and properties of
thermodynamic cycles for heat engines, refrigerators and heat pumps.(Po4,PSO2)
CO3. learn about the low temperatures and Black-body radiation and the statistical
principles (Po3,PSO4).

UNIT-I
1.1 THERMODYNAMICS: (10 Periods)
1.1.1 Heat and work – 1.1.2 Internal energy – 1.1.3 Indicator diagrams 1.1.4 work done in
Isothermal and adiabatic processes - 1.1.5 Carnot’s theorem – 1.1.6 Carnot’s engine and efficiency
1.1.7 Clausius - Clapeyron equation –1.1.8 Second law of thermodynamics and different statements –
1.1.9 Thermodynamic scale of temperature – 1.1.10 Entropy concept – 1.1.11 Entropy and disorder –
1.1.13 Measurement of entropy changes in reversible and irreversible processes –1.1.12 Entropy of
universe – 1.1.13Entropy – temperature diagrams.

1.2 THERMODYNAMIC POTENTIALS AND MAXWELL’S EQUATIONS: (5 Periods)

1.2.1 Thermodynamic potentials -1.2.2 Derivation of Maxwell’s thermodynamic relations specific
heats –1.2.3 Derivations for ratio and difference of two specific heats – 1.2.4 Joule Kelvin effect –
1.2.5 expression for Joule-Kelvin coefficient.
UNIT-II

2.1 LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS : (10 Periods )

2.1.1Liquefaction of gases using Joule – Kelvin effect- 2.1.2 porous plug experiment- 2.1.3
Distinction between Joule’s expansion, adiabatic expansion and Joule-Thomson’s expansion- 2.1.4
Expression for Joule-Thomson cooling -2.1.5 liquefaction of Helium using Kapitza’s method - 2.1.6
Adiabatic demagnetization – 2.1.7 production of low temperatures - 2.1.8 Principle of Refrigeration -
2.1.9 Vapour compression type – 2.1.10 applications of low temperature physics .

2.2 QUANTUM THEORY OF RADIATION (8 Periods )

2.2.1Basic concepts of black body - 2.2.2 distribution of energy in the spectrum of a black body –
2.2.3 Wien’s displacement law - 2.2.4 Wien’s law - 2.2.5 Rayleigh - Jeans law – 2.2.6 Quantum
theory of radiation – 2.2.7 Planck’s law – 2.2.8 deduction of Wien’s law, Rayleigh- Jeans’s law,
Wien’s displacement law from Planck’s law – 2.2.7 Measurement of radiation –2.2.8 Types of
pyrometers - 2.2.9 Disappearing filament optical pyrometer and experimental determination
- 2.2.10 Angstrom pyroheliometer – 2.2.11 determination of solar constant

2.3 KINETIC THEORY OF GASES : ( 5 Periods )

2.3.1 Random motion – 2.3.2 expression for mean freepath – 2.3.3 transport phenomena – 2.3.4
Viscosity -2.3.5 thermal conduction and 2.3.6 diffusion of gases.

UNIT III

3.1 STATISTICAL MECHANICS : (7 Periods)

3.1.1Introduction to statistical mechanics 3.1.2 concept of ensembles 3.1.3 phase space 3.1.4 Maxwell
– Boltzmann’s distribution law 3.1.5 Molecular energies in an ideal gas - 3.1.6 Bose – Einstein
distribution law 3.1.7 Fermi-Dirac distribution law. 3.1.8 Comparison of three distribution laws 3.1.9
Application of Fermi-Dirac statistics to white dwarfs and Neutron stars.

INTERNAL I UNIT I
INTERNAL II UNIT II

Text Books:
1.B.Sc Second year physics by Telugu academy
2. B.Sc Physics Vol II- by Sastry, Shankar Rao & Babu Rao, (S. Chand)
3. Thermodynamics by D.C. Tayal (Himalayam Publ)

REFERENCE BOOKS :
Heat & Thermodynamics Zemansky (McGraw Hill Publ
Thermodynamics by R.C. Srivastava, subit k. Saha & Abhay K.Jain
Eastern Economy Edition.
FeyMan’s Lectures on Physics by Vol 1,2,3 & 4 Narosa publ.
An introduction to Thermal Physics by Daniel v. Schroeder. Pearson education low Price
Edition.
Berkeley Physics course. Volume-5 Statistical Physics by F.Reif. The McGraw-Hill
Companies.
Heat and Thermodynamics by Brijlal and Subrahmanyam (S.Chand & Co)
 PARVATHANENI BRAHMAYYA SIDDHARTHA COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE VIJAYAWADA – 520 010
(An Autonomous College in the jurisdiction of Krishna University, Machilipatnam)

PHYSICS PHY016B 2014-‘15 B.Sc.

Semester-VI Credits- 3 Paper-VII

NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND SOLID STATE PHYSICS

Total: 45 L
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. The nuclear aspect to physics concentrates on the components of the physical world
that include atoms, neutrons and protons.
2. Many countries use nuclear engineering, based on an understanding of nuclear
physics, to produce energy through nuclear power.
3. Apart from the industrial applications of nuclear physics, the study of this type of
physics elucidates knowledge about how the natural world works.
4. On completion of this unit the student should be able to explain and model relevant
physics ideas to describe the sources and uses of nuclear reactions and radioactivity
and their effects on living things,the environment and in industry.
5. Solid State Physics will provide both an introduction to the behaviour of solid
materials and the conceptual tools necessary if one wishes to pursue such studies.
6. Solid State Physics provides the basis for the most important technological advances
of the 21th century.
7. It also provides a wide range of opportunities to ‘see’ the effects of Quantum Physics
in action.
8. The thermal, electrical, and magnetic properties of solids will be discussed via
microscopic models.
9. Topics covered include: survey of crystal lattices, elastic scattering of waves, atomic
vibrations, electrons in crystals, thermodynamics of phonons and electrons, electrical
and thermal conduction, magnetic properties, and superconductivity.

After completion of this course the student will be able to:

CO1.Identify basic nuclear properties and outline their theoretical descriptions, understand
the principle and working of accelerators and detectors.(PO4,PSO2)
CO2. Gain basic knowledge of solid state physics.(PO3,PSO1)
CO3. Gain in depth knowledge in the theory of superconductivity in order to understand and
describe the principles behind various superconducting applications(PO1,PSO4)

UNIT – I
1.1 NUCLEAR PHYSICS - (20 periods)
1.1.1Introduction to nucleus and it’s properties – 1.1.2 Liquid drop model – 1.1.3 Nuclear shell
model –1.1.4 Nuclear forces.1.1.5 Radioactivity –1.1.6 radioactive dating –1.1.7 Alpha decay – 1.1.8
general characteristics –1.1.9 Geiger’s law1.1.10 Geiger- Nuttal law. 1.1.11Gamow’s theory of
Alpha decay 1.1.12 Beta decay –1.1.13 the neutrino hypothesis –1.1.14 Gamma Decay –1.1.15
interaction with matter.1.1.16 The Mossbauer effect (principles only) – 1.1.17 Artificial radioactivity.
1.1.18 Transuranic elements. 1.1.19 Detectors –1.1.20 GM counters, -1.1.21 Cloud chamber, 1.1.22
Accelerators:1.1.23 Cyclotron 1.1.24 synchrocyclotron 1.1.25 synchrotron and1.1.26 betatron – 1.1.27
Fusion and thermonuclear energy – 1.1.28 Hydrogen bomb.
Accelerators:
UNIT –II

2.1 CRYSTALLOGRAPHY - (15 periods)

2.1.1 Crystalline nature of matter 2.1.2crystal systems. 2.1.3 Bravais lattices 2.1.4 Miller
indices – 2.1.5 Diffraction of X-rays 2.1.6 bragg’s law(explanation) –2.1.7 Bragg’s x-ray
spectrometer and 2.1.6 determination of wavelength 2.1.7 Laue method 2.1.8 powder
diffraction method

Bonding in Crystals: 2.1.9 Simple crystal structures (NaCl, CsCl and Diamond) –
2.1.10 Types of bonding in crystals, 2.1.11 characteristics of crystals – 2.1.12 characteristics
of crystals with different bondings – 2.1.13 Lattice energy of ionic crystals – 2.1.14
Madelung constant 2.1.15Born potential 2.1.16 calculation of repulsive exponent 2.1.18
Born-Haber cycle.
Amorphous materials:2.1.19 Glasses – structure and properties

Nanomaterials : 2.1.20 Introduction,2.1.21 nanoparticles, 2.1.22 metal nanoclusters,

2.1.23 semiconductor nanoparticles, 2.1.24 carbon clusters, 2.1.25 carbon nanotubes, 2.1.26
quantum nanostructures 2.1.27 nanodot 2.1.28 nanowire and quantum well, 2.1.29
Fabrication of quantum nanostructures.

UNIT- III
3.1 SUPERCONDUCTIVITY – (5 periods)
3.1.1 Zero resistance 3.1.2 persistent currents 3.1.3 Meissner effect – 3.1.4 perfect diamagnetism
3.1.5 isotope effect 3.1.6 thermal and optical properties – 3.1.7 energy gap. 3.1.8 Elements of BCS
theory – 3.1.9 cooper pairs. 3.1.10 Applications. 3.1.11High temperature superconductors (general
information) 3.1.9Type I and Type II superconductors
3.2 COSMIC RAYS - (5 periods)
3.2.1 Cosmic rays –3.2.2 latitude 3.2.3 longitude 3.2.4 altitude effects –3.2.5 Van Allen belts,
3.2.6 primary and secondary cosmic rays 3.2.7 cosmic ray showers. 3.2.8 Discovery of Positron
3.2.9 Introduction about elementary particles 3.2.10 quarks 3.2.11 CERN experiment.

INTERNAL I UNIT I INTERNAL II UNITII

Text books:

1.B.Sc Third year Physics paper-III Telugu Academy

2. Modern Physics by R.Murugeshan and Kiruthiga Siva
prasath.S.Chand& Co.
3. Nuclear Physics by D.C. Tayal, Himalaya publishing house.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. University Physics with Modern Physics by Young & freeman A.Lewis Ford .Low price
Edition (Eleventh Edition).
2. Nuclear Physics by Irving Kaplan – Narosa publishing House.
3. Introduction to Solid state Physics by Charles Kittel.Jhon Wiley and Sons.
4. Solid state Physics by A.J.Dekker. Mac Millan India.
5. Modern Physics by G Aruldhas & P.Rajagopal.Eastern economyedition.
6. Concepts of Modern Physics by Arthur Beiser.Tata McGraw – Hill Edition.
7. Elements of Solid state Physics by J.P. Srivastava.(for chapter on nanomaterials)-
Prentice- hall of India Pvt. Ltd.
 PARVATHANENI BRAHMAYYA SIDDHARTHA COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE VIJAYAWADA – 520 010
(An Autonomous College in the jurisdiction of Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar – 522 510 A.P. India)

PHYSICS PHY022 2013-‘14 B.Sc.

PHYSICS practical-I
(MINIMUM – 12 Experiments)

Number of classes per week per paper = 1 [3 Periods] Credits- 1

After successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
CO1. Understanding of the physical principles of oscillations and wave propagation (PO1,PSO1)
CO2. Enhance the knowledge on complexity of vibrations. (PO3,PSO3)
CO3. Acquire the knowledge on the properties of sound waves.(PO4,PSO4)

To be completed in the month of JULY

1. To determine the thickness of a rectangular bar by screwguage and breath by vernier

calipers.
2. To determine the thickness of a given wire by screwguage.
3. To determine the inner and outer diameter of rubber tube by using traveling
microscope.
4. To determine the mass of given wire correct to a milligram using common balance.

To be completed in the month of AUGUST & SEPTEMBER

1. g by compound pendulum
2. Y by non-uniform bending.
3. Rigidity Modulus – by dynamic Torsion.
4. Sonometer-determination of unknown frequency of a tuning fork.

To be completed in the months of OCTOBER & DECEMBER

5. Coefficient of Viscosity – Poissellus method.

6. g by simple pendulum Theory of approximation.
7. K of bad conductor – Less method
8. Volume resonator.

To be completed in the month of DECEMBER & JANUARY

9. Bifilar pendulum.
10. Coupled oscillator.
11. Flat spiral spring – Determination of y and n and calculation of k and 
12. Surface tension – Determination by method of drops or capillary rise.

To be completed in the month of FEBRUARY

13. Study of viscosity of a fluid using Searle’s viscometer.

14. Study of damping of an Oscillating disc in air and water logarithmic decrement.
15. Study of Oscillations of a mass under different combination of springs
 PARVATHANENI BRAHMAYYA SIDDHARTHA COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE VIJAYAWADA – 520 010
(An Autonomous College in the jurisdiction of Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar – 522 510 A.P. India)

PHYSICS PHY024 2006-‘07 B.Sc.

PHYSICS practical-II
(MINIMUM – 12 Experiments)

Credits – 2
After completion of this course the student will be able to:
CO1.Determine the wavelength of sodium light by using Optical bench -
Biprism .(PO1,PSO2)
CO2.Determine the wavelength of mercury spectrum by using Spectrometer -
Diffraction grating normal incidence. .(PO5,PSO1)
CO3.Verify Kirchhoff’s current law and voltage law.(PO2,PSO4)
CO4.Calibrate the given ammeter using potentiometer.(PO3,PSO2)
CO5.Convert the Galvanometer in to voltmeter.(PO4,PSO3)

Number of classes per week per paper = 1 [3 Period duration]

To be completed in the months of JUNE and JULY

INTRODUCTORY LAB
1.Optical Bench - Biprism
2.Spectrometer - Angle of the Prism –Minimum deviation - calculation of R.I.
3. Potentiometer - Calibration of Potentiometer wire.
4. Carey Foster’s bridge - Calibration of bridgewire
To be completed in the month of AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER
1. Spectrometer - i-d curve.
2. Optical bench - Biprism - determination of wavelength of sodium light.
3. Spectrometer - Dispersive power of prism.
4. Newton's Rings - Determination of radius of curvature of plano convex lens.
To be completed in the month of SEPTEMBER AND OCTOBER
5. Spectrometer - Diffraction grating normal incidence - determination of wavelength of
mercury spectrum.
6. Determination of thickness of wire - wedge method.
7. Verification of kirchoff's laws.
8. Sonometer - Frequency of A.C.
To be completed in the months of DECEMBER AND JANUARY
9. Potentiometer. - Calibration of Ammeter.
10. Determination of M and H.
11. Conversion of Galvanometer in to voltmeter.
12. Carey Foster's Bridge - Specific resistance.
To be completed in the month of JANUARY & FEBRUARY

13. Resolving power of Telescope.

14. Refractive index of a liquid – Boy’s Method.
15. Study of Optical rotation – Polarimeter.
 PARVATHANENI BRAHMAYYA SIDDHARTHA COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE VIJAYAWADA – 520 010
(An Autonomous College in the jurisdiction of Krishna University, Machilipatnam)

PHYSICS PHY025A 2014-‘15 B.Sc.

Elective – I Credits- 3
Semester-V Paper-VI
A. C. FUNDAMENTALS & ELECTRONICS

OBJECTIVES:
The aim is to explain about AC components and circuits electronics simply, step by step, with
the minimum of mathematics and using real components as our examples. Knowing basic theory is
essential to understanding how such complex circuits work.A degree in electrical and electronics
prepares students to work in the vast range of engineering sectors, including aerospace, automotive,
energy, information technology and telecommunications.
1. To impart basic skill & knowledge in electronics.
2. The basic concepts and characteristics of the electronic devices and circuits
3. Become familiar with electrical quantities such as current, voltage, resistance, power,
and frequency in simple DC and AC resistive circuits
4. Understanding the electronic component, meters, current, amplification, oscillations,
signals, receivers,
5. simplify circuits using parallel and series combinations and Thevenin's and Norton's
equivalent circuits,
6. use complex numbers to develop impedance and admittance concepts and solve ac
steady state circuits, and determine dc and single phase ac power in simple passive circuits.
7. Be exposed to and learn how to manipulate sampled signals and, more generally,
discrete signals and systems
After successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
CO1. Understand the basic concepts of AC circuits.(PO1)
CO2. Apply the basic network theorems to simplify, analyse and design large-scale
networks. (PO3)

UNIT I

1.1 ELECTROMGNETIC INDUCTION (10 periods)

1.1.1)Faraday’s law,1.1.2) Lenz’s law, 1.1.3)expression for induced emf,1.1.4) Motional
electromotive force,1.1.5) Time varying magnetic fields,1.1.6)Self inductance and mutual
inductance,1.1.7) calculation of self inductance of a long solenoid ,1.1.8) toroid, 1.1.9)coefficient
of coupling,1.1.10) Energy stored in a magnetic field,1.1.11) Principles of transformer.

1.2 VARYING AND ALTERNATING CURRENTS (10 periods)

1.2.1)Growth and decay of currents in CR circuits, 1.2.2)Growth and decay of currents in LR
circuits, 1.2.3)LCR circuit-critical damping.1.2.4) Alternating current,1.2.5) relation between
current and voltage in pure R C and L – Vector diagrams, 1.2.6)L C R circuit,1.2.7) series and
parallel resonant circuit, 1.2.8)power factor ,1.2.9) Q factor.
 UNIT II

2.1 MESH ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS (6 Periods)

2.1.1)Kirchhoff’s laws, 2.1.2)Mesh Analysis,2.1.3) Thevenin’s theorem, 2.1.4)Norton’s theorem,
2.1.5)Maximum power transfer theorem,2.1.6) Superposition theorem.

2.2 TRANSISTOR (13 periods)

2.2.1)Transistor CE, CB characteristics, 2.2.2)CB, CE, CC configuration with hybrid parameter
2.2.3)Transistor as an amplifier,2.2.4) JFET- characteristics, 2.2.5) MOSFET characteristics
2.2.6)Working and characteristics of UJT, 2.2.7) SCR, 2.2.8)Basic concept of operational
amplifier, 2.2.9)Concept of negative feedback and positive feedback, Barkhausen condition,
2.2.10)RC Phase shift oscillator (qualitative), 2.2.11)Transistor as an detector.

UNIT III

3.1 DIGITAL PRINCIPLES (6 periods)

3.1.1)Binary, arithmetic-Logic gates using discrete components, 3.1.2) Universal gates-
truth tables, 3.1.3) De Morgan’s theorems statements and proof, 3.1.4) Half and full
adders, 3.1.5) R-S flip-flop, 3.1.6) J-K flip-flop.

3.2 SEMI-CONDUCTOR DEVICES (self-study)

3.2.1)Band theory of solids (qualitative), 3.2.2)Intrinsic and extrinsic semi conductors,
3.2.3) continuity equation, 3.2.4)P-N junction diode, 3.2.5) zener diode, 3.2.6) LED,
3.2.7) half wave rectifiers, 3.2.8) full wave rectifiers and filters, 3.2.9) ripple factor.

INTERNAL I UNIT I INTERNAL II UNIT II

TEXT BOOKS:
1. B.Sc Third year Physics Paper-IV - Telugu Academy
2. Digital electronics - Malvino
3. Electricity, Magnetism with Electronics - K.K.Tewari (S.Chand)

REFERENCE BOOKS FOR SEMESTER-V:

1. Electronic Devices and Circuits - Millman and Halkies

2. Electricity and Electronics - Tayal
3. Principles of electronics - Mehata
4. Basic Electronics - KJM Rao
 PARVATHANENI BRAHMAYYA SIDDHARTHA COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE VIJAYAWADA – 520 010
(An Autonomous College in the jurisdiction of Krishna University, Machilipatnam)

PHYSICS PHY026A 2014-‘15 B.Sc.

Semester-VI Credits- 3 Paper-VIII Total: 45 L

SPECTROSCOPY AND QUANTUM MECHANICS

OBJECTIVES:
Spectroscopy is used as a tool for studying the structures of atoms and molecules. The large
number of wavelengths emitted by these systems makes it possible to investigate their structures in
detail, including the electron configurations of ground and various excited states
1. Spectroscopy is the fundamental for many modern sciences and technologies, and it
has found very wide applications.
2. Spectroscopy is a very important approach to study the fundamental matter
(fundamental particles, atoms, and molecules, etc.) structures and internal
interactions, and to study the dynamical processes.
3. Spectroscopy is often used in physics, analytical chemistry, biology, medicine, and
material sciences for the identification of substances through the spectrum emitted
from them or absorbed in them, and for study of fast dynamical processes through
time resolved spectroscopy.
4. We hope to help students to develop the abilities and fundamental knowledge so that
students can learn new things for innovation and revolution in the future.
5. Explore Davisson-German experiment in finding the wavelength of a moving electron
in a crystal.
6. Determine the wave-function probability of an electron in a particular shell or orbit
using Schrodinger wave equation.
7. Investigate and conclude that it is not possible to determine both the position and
momentum of electron in single measurement as discussed by Heisenberg uncertainty
principle.

After successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
CO1. Recognizes the electronic structure and properties of atomic spectra and molecular
spectra. (PO1)
CO2. Draws energy levels of atomic spectra. Describes types and applications of atomic
spectra. (PO3)
CO3. Explains applications of quantum theory. (PO4)

UNIT – I SPECTROSCOPY:

1.1 Atomic spectra (16 PERIODS)

1.1.1) Vector atom model -Space quantisation, Spinning of Electron. 1.1.2)Stern-Gerlach
experiment,1.1.3) L-S and J-J coupling scheems, 1.1.4)Spectral terms and notation,
1.1.5)Fine structure of H-α line according to Vector atom model. 1.1.6) Pauli’s exclusion
principle,1.1.7) Magnetic moment of an atom Lande’s “g” factor and Larmor’s theorem,
1.1.8)Zeeman effect,1.1.9)Classical Lorentz theory of Normal Zeeman effect,1.1.10)
Anomalous Zeeman effect,1.1.11) explanation of Sodium D1, D2 lines, 1.1.12) Paschen-
back and Stark effects – Quantisation.
1.2 Molecular Spectra: (5 PERIODS)
1.2.1)Pure rotational spectra and determination of rotational constants,1.2.2) rotational vibrational
spectra,1.2.3)electronic spectra and determination of vibrational constants using Deslander’s
table,1.2.4) Raman effect and experimental study of Raman effect and its applications.

UNIT – II QUANTUM MECHANICS :

2.1 Particle nature: (5 PERIODS)

2.1.1)Photo electric effect ,2.1.2) Einstein’s Photon theory ,2.1.3) Compton effect-experimental
verification.
2.2 Matter waves: (7 PERIODS)
2.2.1)De-Broglie matter waves, 2.2.2) Wave velocity and group velocity,2.2.3)Electron
diffraction,2.2.4)Davisson and Germer experiment,2.2.5)G.P. Thomson’s experiment,
2.2.6)electron microscope,2.2.7)Heisenberg’s uncertainly principle,2.2.8)Bohr’s principle of
complementary.
2.3 Schrodinger’s wave equation: (12 PERIODS)
2.3.1)Postulates of quantum mechanics,2.3.2)significance of wave function (ᴪ), 2.3.3)Operators,
Eigen functions and Eigen values, 2.3.4)Schrodinger’s time independent wave equation,
2.3.5)time dependent wave equation,
2.3.6)Applications of Schrodinger’s equation - particle in a one dimensional infinite potential
well,2.3.7) potential step,2.3.8) rectangular potential barrier, 2.3.9)tunnelling.

INTERNAL I UNIT I
INTERNAL II UNIT II

TEXT BOOKS:
1. B.Sc Third Physics PAPER- IV -Telugu Academy
2. Introduction to quantum mechanics - Pauling and Wilsom
3. Modern Physics - J.B.Rajan

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Introduction to atomic spectra - H.E. White.
2. Spectroscopy - Straughen and Walker
3. Molecular Spectra - Banwell
4. Molecular Spectro scopy - Pearson & Gaydon
5. Quantum Mechnics - Mathews
 PARVATHANENI BRAHMAYYA SIDDHARTHA COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE VIJAYAWADA – 520 010
(An Autonomous College in the jurisdiction of Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar – 522 510 A.P. India)

PHYSICS PHY036 2013-‘14 B.Sc.

PHYSICS practical-III
Credits - 2

(MINIMUM – 12 Experiments)

Number of classes per week per paper = 1 [3 Period duration]

After completion of this course the student will be able to

CO1.Determine the wavelength of sodium light by using Optical bench – Lloyd’s

mirror(Po1,PSO1)
CO2.Determine the radius of curvature of concave lens by forming Newton’s
rings.(Po3,PSO2)
CO3.Determine the Efficiency of Transformer and Figure of merit of a
B.G.(PO5,PSO3)

CO4.Determine the refractive index of a liquid by hallow prism.(PO4,PSO3)

CO5.Determine the mutual inductance - Direct deflection method.(PO2,PSO4)

To be completed in the months of JUNE & JULY

1. e/m Thomson’s method.

2. Field along the axis of a circular coil.
3. Efficiency of Transformer.
4. Figure of merit of a B.G.

To be completed in the month of AUGUST & SEPTEMBER

5. Determination of mutual inductance - Direct deflection method.

6. Hall effect.
7. Hartman's dispersion formula - Grating.
8. Determination of refractive index of a liquid by hallow prism.

To be completed in the month of OCTOBER & DECEMBER

9. Optical bench - Thickness of a wire.

10. Newton's rings - Determination of radius of curvature of concave lens.
11. Lloyd’s mirror – using optical bench – determination of wavelength of sodium
light.
12. Resolving power of grating.
To be completed in the months of JANUARY & FEBRUARY

13. Carey Foster’s Bridge-Temperature coefficient of resistance.

14. Determination of wavelength of light using diffraction grating – minimum deviation
method.
15. Internal resistance of a Cell by potentiometer.
 PARVATHANENI BRAHMAYYA SIDDHARTHA COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE VIJAYAWADA – 520 010
(An Autonomous College in the jurisdiction of Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar – 522 510 A.P. India)

PHYSICS PHY046 2013-‘14 B.Sc.

PHYSICS practical-IV
(MINIMUM-12 Experiments) Credits-1

Number of classes per week per paper = 1 [3 Period duration]

After completion of this course the student will be able to:

CO1.Determine the characteristics of semi conductor diode and Zenor diode.
(PO4,PSO1)
CO2.Verify the Logic gates.(PO3,PSO4)
CO3.Determine the Energy gap of a semiconductor using a junction
diode.(PO2,PSO2)
CO4.Verify the Thevenin’s theorem and Norton’s theorem(PO5,PSO4)
CO5.Determine the characteristics of C.E (Common Emitter characteristics)
and F.E.T (Field effect Transistor) .(PO6,PSO3)

To be completed in the months of JUNE & JULY

Introductory lab;
1. Familiarisation of multi meter
a. Function of different knobs of multimeter
b. Measurement of A.C and D.C voltages and currents
c. Measurement of resistances and comparing the measured value
with the help of colour code
2. Familiarisation of signal generator and CRO
a. Familiarisation of each Knob of the given signal generator and CRO
b. Measurement of output voltage of the signal generator using CRO
c. Measure the frequency of the single wave voltage obtained from
signal generator
To be completed in the months of JULY AND AUGUST
1. L.C.R. series and parallel resonance.
2. Semi-conductor diode Characteristics.
3. A.C impedance and power factor.
4. Zenor diode and its characteristics.
To be completed in the months of AUGUST & SEPTEMBER
5. Thevenin’s Theorem.
6. Full wave rectifier – Bridge type.
7. Logic gate.
8. C.B (Common base characteristics of a Transistor).
To be completed in the months of OCTOBER & DECEMBER
9. Norton’s theorem.
10. C.E (Common Emitter characteristics).
11. F.E.T (Field Effect Transistor) characteristics.
12. R.C phase – shift oscillator.
To be completed in the months of JANUARY & FEBRUARY
13. Energy gap of a semiconductor using a junction diode.
14. Design and construction of a multimeter.
15. Temperature Coefficients of a transistor.
Additional Experiments for students opting Introduction to Fiber optics (Approved in B.O.S.
on 17-03-2003
16. Forming simple fiber optic analog link.
17. Study of losses in optic fiber
a) Measurement of propagation loss
b) Measurement of bending loss
18. Study of characteristics of fiber optic LED and photo diode detector
19. Measurement of Numerical Aperture

Theoretical project relating to any topic in Physics is to be submitted by each student at the
end of VI Semester which will be assessed for 25 marks by Internal. This will be considered
as second Internal assessment of Practical IV. I Internal Assessment of Practical IV will be
based on lab Examination. Remaining 75 marks are for external practical examination to be
conducted at the end of VI Semester.