eet proviem 8 - 2 srer flows: uniformly in water Fi 4 Tectangy| lepth of Sular, concre : wide at 4° ma 7 The channel slope is oom Pe channel that is 10 m yelocity, and the boundary shear strex Using n = 0.013, find the Tess, golution pe 1 Resi n A= 103) = 30 ma P= 10+3(2)=16 me R=A/P R = 30/16 = 1.875 m 1 °* Oona (l 875)"/9(0.0025)1/2 v= 5.848 mys [Q= Av] Q= 30(5.848) Q=175.45 mys [r= RS] + = 9810(1.875)(0.0025) 1 = 45.98 Pa Problem 8 - 2 Determine the uniform flow through a trapezoidal concrete lined canal having side slope of 3H to 4V and bottom width of 2 m if the depth of flow is 2m. The er 2 kilometer. Use n = 0.013, channel is laid on a slope of 3m Pp Solution Q=A 1 Rv3g1/2 " ny= (5/42"25m 5+2 Ae (2 2 (2) A=7m P=2+225)"7m R= A/P*7/7 Reilm $= S,= 3/2000 = 0,0015 1 = (7) —= (1)?/(0.0015)!/2 Q F035" ( ) Q= 20.85 m/s Problem 873 (CE May d008 sss roblem 8 - 3 (CE May 2003) A trapezoidal channel has a bottom width of 6 m and side slopes of 2 horizontal to 1 vertical, If the depth of flow is 1.2 m and the flow is 20,49 m?/sec, (2) Compute the specific energy. (6) Compute the slope of the channel if n = 0.014. (c) Compute the average shearing stress at the boundary. Solution 24m 24m 2.683 me: 6m \2 .683 m Q= 20.4 m/s A = 6(1.2) + 4(2.4)(1.2) x 2= 10.08 m? =n ps4] 204 = —— =2.0238 2 Fogg ” 20788 m/s 2 (a) Specific energy, H = Ua d 28 2.0238? = + 29.81) Ce Specific energy, H = 1.409 m(b) Slope: ve i R2/3 51/2 n 10.08 ~ 6+ 2(2.683) R= 0.8868 m 1 2.0238 = —— (0.8868)2/3 S1/? 0.014 ( ) S = 0.00094 ~ Slope (c) Shearing stress: S:=yRS = 9,81(0.8868) (0.00094) = 0.00818 kPa S, = 8.18 PaProblem 8-5 (CE BoardMayi993). === A 600-mm-radius sewer pipe is laid on a slope of 0.001 and has a roy coefficient 1 = 0.012, was found to be 7/8 full. Determine the through the pipe. Bhiness discharge Solution ak Lanse 7 A= Avast = Gnr= in (0.6) A = 0.9896 m? At = Aa - A = 3? Aj = Asector = AtriangtetrP=470,- drsing 0, - sin @ = 0.785 Solve @ by trial and error: 8 = 101.185° 101.185°(n/180%) - sin (101.185%) = 0.785 (OK) Then; Pe 7(0.6)(360° ~ 101.185°) 180° P=271m R= A/P = 0.9396/2.71 R=0.365m Q=(0 9896) sAry (0.365)2/2(0.001)'/2 Q* 1.332 mys Problem B= 6 A rectangular, concrote channel, 15 m wide is to carry water at the rate 22 m’/s. If the channel slope is 0.00025, determine the normal depth of flow Use roughness coefficient m= 0.013. Solution Q=alr n A= 15d R= A/P=15d/(15 + 2d) f_1sa_y/? 215d bf |” (0,00025)'2 TOS |i ,2q) (000025) So -#——— = 15m [154 =d | 12% (15+ 2d] Solve for d by trial and error, d= 1.187ma 8 (CE Board May 1993) a jar concrete Sewer 1.60 m in diameter ull aid on a and flowing half-full is laid 1 ae camper 5 km Determine the yo ol discharge, on a concrete lining, n= 0,013 Fo! 1 4 ReSI/2 gzA 5 D=2r= 1.60 m;r=0.80 m For semi-circular section, R = 1/2 = #08) shy (AP fg) Q= 1.187 m/s fees ee ape et Water lows in a triangular V-notch steel channel, with vertex angle of 60°, at a yelocity of 1.2 m/s. Find the normal depth of flow if the channel is laid on a ope of 0.0017. Use n = 0.014, solution vel Resin n 2d tan 30° A=%A(2d tan80°)d A=@ tan60° P = 2d sec60° R=A/P = d? tan60°/ 2d sec60° R= 0.4334 1.2 = shy (0.4334)2(0.0017)1/2 4 = 0.601 m (normal depth)Problem 8 - 10 (CE November 2001) A trapezoidal canal with sides making an angle of 35° to the horizc base width of 6m. The channel is laid on a slope of 0,002 with n = the discharge of 75 m*/s, what is the normal depth? rnital has 4 9.013. Foe Solution A = 6d + Ya(d)(1.428d) x2 A= 6d + 14280 P= 6+ 2(1.743u) P= 6 +3.486d pe Ag Od 1428d? P 6+ 3.4860 Gea Rnsin n 9\2/3 75= (6d + 1.42842) 1 { 6d+1.428d" | 9 ggay12 0.013 | 6+ 3.486d | (6d 41.4284? \*/* 6+ 3.4860 | (6d + 1.42812) = 21.802 By trial and error, d= 2m Problem 8 - 11 A trapezoidal flume with side slope of 1:1 carries 225 ft/s of water at a mean velocity of 3 ft/s. The canal is laid on a slope of 0.0002 with n = 0.015. Determine the normal depth of the canal in feet Solution Q=Au 225 = A(3) A®=75 ft? = 6.97 m? A=bi+2=697 > £Eq.(1) ne Lpz/sg1/2 n v=3ft/s=0915 m/s 0.915 = —_ R2(0.0002)"2 0.015SO | p= 0,956 m A, _ 697 0 RD” baad — 2956 27.29 - 2.828d > Eq. (2) substitute b in (2) to (1); (7.29 ~ 2828d)d + q2 = 7294 - 1.8280 = 697 1,828 d? - 7.294 + 6.97 = 0 d=159m d=5,22 feet proplem 8 - 12 A 500-mm-diameter concret required to carry water at ¢ flow. Use roughness coeffi e pipe is laid ona slope of 1 m per 500 m and is he rate 0.04 m/s. Determine the normal depth of cient n = 0,013 solution [Q=A a 2351/2) n 0.04= Ax ahs Re (qa )/? AR?/3 = 0.011627 A(A/P)? = 0.001627 AP®3/ P23 = 0.001627 raise both sides to . a 3/2 AS/?2/P = 0,00125 > Eq. (1) : From the figure: A= Asecior ~ Atriangle 2, A= 2) wasing 360°A= Yar (0qg¢— sin) = 0.03125 (0 7h ~ sin 8) 0 P= SY 2025450 180° a From Eq. (1) fo.03125(0 pee (age -sinO) es pasiss 8 Solve for 6 by trial and error: ® = 140.46° Then; cos (8/2) = (0.25 - d)/0.25 cos (140.46/2)(0.25) = 0.25 -d d=0.1654m Problem 8 - 13 (CE Board November 1988) A flood occurs in a main channel having a trapezoidal section (side slope both sides: 2H to 1V) and base width of 12 m. The depth of flow in this is is 3.60 m and the flood spills out over an almost horizontal plane on one side of the main channel. The width of the flood plain is 60 m with an overflow depth of 1 m. If n = 0.025 for the main channel and two times as large for the overflow section, estimate the discharge if the be slope for both is 0.00030, Solution — Main channel, n = 0.025 male Flood plane, n = 0.05 —Wr vemain channel pot 1 pagina 2 Ae RS Qrn 2 Az ya(7.2)(3.6) + 12(3.6) + Yi(3,641)(5.2) A = 68.12 m? p#3.6(¥5/1) + 12 + 2.6(¥5/1) © 25.86 m? R= A/P = 68.12/25.86 = 2.634 m Qannin ® (68:12) x dy (2.634)2/3(0,0003)!/2 Qo Qwan = 90.01 m/s he flood plane: Had Ranga Qa AR A= 60(1) = 60 m2 P=60+1=61m R = 60/61 = 0,9836 m Qnrane = (60) x ahs (0.9836)2/9(9, 0003)!/2 Qhiane = 20.557 m/s Fort Total flow, Q= Qnain + Qptane Q= 90.01 + 20,557 Q= 110.567 mysSe Problem 8 - 35 (CE May 2002) Water flows at the rate of 350 cfs in 2 sarnalive t 12 feet and side slope of 2H to 1V. Dete! 0.015 and $ = 0.002. ezoidal canal having base width he critical depth. Assume ne Solution A At critical stage, te = Bi Q= 350 ft?/s B=12+4d ; A = 12d + Ya(d)(2d) x 2 = 12d + 2d g = 32.2 ft/s? 3507, (124+ 24°)". 5594 348 32.2 124+4d By trial and error using the choices, d = 2.564 feet Problem 8 - 36 A triangular flume having side slope of 1:1 carries water at the rate of 4 m/s, The bottom of the flume is on a slope of 0.005 with n = 0.013. Determine the stage of flow. What is the critical depth for the given flow? Solution Solve for the normal depth: O=AVeAL Regi n A='2(2d)d = R=A/P = @/[2d V2] R= 0.354d Q= # (1/0.013)(0. 3541)?/3(0,005)1/2 = 4 A= 1.47 d@=1,155m_ normal depthA i. len | ern al plow st 2 BQ At critical stage; —S. « At critic Bei atl B= 2(1.155) = 2.31 m A= (1.155)? = 1.334 m2 po’. 2.31(4)? yay 9.81(1.334)? 2 aed = 1.587 > 1.0, therefore the flow is at the lower stage g Critical depth: Car 8 B Po dy 981 2d, d= 1.267 m Note: The normal depth (1.115 m) is less than the critical depth. This shows that at normal condition, the channel is flowing at lower stage. Problem 8 - 37 Determine the flow in a trapezoidal channel having base width of 4m and side slope of 1:1 if the critical depth is 2.3 m. Solution a 4+ 2(2.3) = 8.6m | 23 2fn ASHER A = ¥(8.6 + 4)(2.3) = 14.49 m? B=86m Q@ _ asas)> g 8.6 Q = 58.91 mys Problem 8 - 38 Water is moving with a velocity of 0.3 m/s and a depth of 09 rectangular channel. It approaches a smooth rise in the channel bed ing What should the estimated depth be after the rise? F035, Solution Determine the stage of flow: Fy =v/ ved =0.3/ (9810.9) Fy = 0.101 < 1.0 (Upper stage) Therefore the water moves down as it passes the smooth rise Neglecting losses: Hy = H2+ 0.3 mth a? 21 td = +h +03 > Eq. (1) 28 28—_—-————_<_<$<$_<_‘_—_——— By continuity condition: Ait) * Aw, 0.903) bids) o m= 0.27/d, In Eq. (1): (03)? 2(981) +09 = (027/d,)? “26a *4*+03 42 * d2- 0.6046 = 2 4? - 0.604647 + 0.09377 = 9 Solve for d: by trial and error: 4, = 0.594 m Problem 8 - 39 (CE Board May 1982) Water is flowing in a 3-m-wide Tectany hydraulic jump occurs and the d, 1300 mm. Determine the dischar, Solution For rectangular channe!, q. Att +4) gular channel at a depth of 360 mm. A lepth of water downstream from the jump is ge. @ _ 036(13)(036+13) L = 2001S9)036 +13) 2 q = 1.952 m?/s per meter width Q=% = 1.952(3) Q= 5.856 m/s