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Mftumcdzmfdöb 8:8: m m
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Kcmhgrm`g pgr kc Fkbtrg Bmfdgbmc `k Dbokbdkråm `k Fgstgs (FKDFG ® ) `k cm Fíemrm Ekxdfmbm `k cm Db`ustrdm `k p l
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Embukc Mcknmb`rg Xg`råoukz Vuírkz b
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Xkodstrg Zþhcdfg `kc @krkflg `k Mutgr @
Cgs Fmtícgogs `k Fgstgs @drkftgs 8:8:, ks ubm puhcdfmfdöb prgpdk`m` `k cm Fíemrm Ekxdfmbm `k cm Db`ustrdm
`k cm Fgbstruffdöb. Fgbagrek cg kstmhckfd`g kb cm Cky Ak`krmc `kc @krkflg `k Mutgr, sk ghtuvg kc Xkodstrg
Zþhcdfg `kc @krkflg `k Mutgr Bg. (Kb tríedtk)
]uk`m kxprksmekbtk prgldhd`m su rkprg`uffdöb pmrfdmc g tgtmc, ym skm kb agrem deprksm g kckftröbdfm sdb
prkvdm mutgrdzmfdöb pgr ksfrdtg `k cm Fíemrm Ekxdfmbm `k cm Db`ustrdm `k cm Fgbstruffdöb g `k cgs mutgrks, kb
fmsg fgbtrmrdg, sk knkrfkríb cms mffdgbks ckomcks fgb`ufkbtks.
–@krkflgs
Fíemrm Ekxdfmbm Xkskrvm`gs―
`k cm Db`ustrdm © Fgbstruffdöb
`k cm
Zkrdaärdfg Vur 0<64, Fgc. Zmrquks `kc Zk`rkomc, Mcfmc`åm Pcmcpmb, FZ. =0:=:, F@E\.
Dbtrg`uffdöb
@dvkrsms keprksms fgbstruftgrms madcdm`ms m cm Fíemrm Ekxdfmbm `k cm Db`ustrdm `k cm Fgbstruffdöb
(FEDF) pmrtdfdpmb kb cm rkmcdzmfdöb `k cms ghrms bkfksmrdms pmrm cm dbarmkstrufturm `k Qdvdkb`m `kc pmås,
fgbtrdhuykb`g m dbfrkekbtmr kc bþekrg `k ekxdfmbgs quk puk`kb tkbkr mffksg m ubm vdvdkb`m `dobm y
`gtm`m `k tg`gs cgs skrvdfdgs.
Cm Fíemrm, kb fuepcdedkbtg `k sus ghnktdvgs rkakrkbtks m dbvkstdomr, `daub`dr y grdkbtmr m sus msgfdm`gs
kb täfbdfms `k su dbtkräs, tmcks fgeg
f geg cm Dbokbdkråm `k Fgstgs, kcmhgrö kc Fmtícgog `k Fgstgs @drkftgs pmrm z
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cm Fgbstruffdöb `k Qdvdkb`m. å
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Kbtrk cgs ghnktdvgs quk prktkb`k cgormr kstk fmtícgog, pg`kegs
pg` kegs skýmcmr cgs sdoudkbtks> z
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m) Fgbstdtudrsk kb ub `gfuekbtg `k fgbsuctm pmrm kc mbícdsds `kc fgstg `drkftg pmrm cm fgbstruffdöb `k b m
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puk`kb usmr pmrm cm prkpmrmfdöb `k prgpukstms pmrm cdfdtmfdgbks `k Ghrms Zþhcdfms.
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f) Zgbkr m `dspgsdfdöb `k cgs Dbokbdkrgs `k Fgstgs `kc Vkftgr Zþhcdfg kckekbtgs pmrm cm prkpmrmfdöb k b
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prktkb`k bd sustdtudr cm db`dspkbsmhck kxpkrdkbfdm `kc fgbstruftgr kb cm `ktkredbmfdöb `k prkfdgs a g
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tkfbgcgoåm, m`edbdstrmfdöb, prgfk`dedkbtgs fgbstruftdvgs y emtkrdmcks, kbtrk gtrms, quk puk`kb eg`dadfmr m m
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pm rm kc orkedg fgbstruftgr. q k
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Zmrm kc prkskbtk Fmtícgog sk kvmcumrgb cms emtrdfks `k prkfdgs, kb cm Fdu
Fdu`m`
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quk så cm ghrm m prksupukstmr g mbmcdzmr kstí kb gtrm zgbm `dakrkbtk, sk tkb`ríb quk lmfkr cms
fgbsd`krmfdgbks bkfksmrdms, pmrm eg`dadfmr cms emtrdfks fgrrkspgb`dkbtks `k mfukr`g m cm
kxpkrdkbfdm `k fm`m keprksm.
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hmbfg.
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cms kstmhckfd`ms kb fm`m prgykftg pmrtdfucmr, fud`mb`g `k lmfkr cms m`kfumfdgbks rkspkftdvms.
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Ektg`gcgoåm
Cm ektg`gcgoåm kepckm`m pmrm cm mftumcdzmfdöb `k cgs dbsuegs emtkrdmcks kstí hmsm`m kb kc ekrfm`kg `k
cgs edsegs, `urmbtk kc pkrdg`g emrzg-emyg `k 8:8:, fgb prgvkk`grks `k cm zgbm ektrgpgcdtmbm `k cm
Fdu`m` `k Eäxdfg.
Cgs fgstgs `k cgs dbsuegs prgvdkbkb `k prkfdgs `k ekrfm`g kstíb`mr pgr ubd`m` `k ek`d`m kspkfåadfm y
cgs sdstkems y kqudpgs kspkfdmcks sk fgtdzmb fgb
f gb prgvkk`grks kspkfdmcdzm`gs.
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Kc ekrfm`kg sk rkmcdzm pgr cgs sdoudkbtks ek`dgs> våm tkckaöbdfm, fgrrkgs kckftröbdfgs, píodbms wkh, kb å
b
`drkftgrdgs kspkfdmcdzm`gs pmrm cm fgbstruffdöb y sk vkrdadfm quk cgs prgvkk`grks omrmbtdfkb kc suedbdstrg k
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ä t
ghsgcktgs, edsegs quk sk sustdtuykb pgr gtrgs `k fmrmftkråstdfms sdedcmrks, `gb`k fmehdm kc eg`kcg, pgr cg E g
t
mbtkrdgr, sk puk`kb prkskbtmr vmrdmfdgbks kb su fgstg fgb rkspkftg mc emtkrdmc utdcdzm`g kb kc mbícdsds `k r g
g c
prkfdg ubdtmrdg `kc fmtícgog mbtkrdgr, msdedseg, sk fgbsd`krmb cms `gsdadfmfdgbks quk sk db`dquk kb cms ` m
m d
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u ö
d
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pmrm cgs eg`kcgs fgbquk
`k kqudpgs cm ym
ektg`gcgoåm kxprksm`m
bg sk kbfukbtrmb kb kc pírrmag
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vkbtm kb fgbsd`krmb`g
kc ekrfm`g y m`keís
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kehmrog cm db`ustrdm sdouk kepckmb`g pmrm kc `ksmrrgccg `k sus ghrms9 cm mftumcdzmfdöb sk rkmcdzm ek`dmbtk r
K t
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m d
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d
Kstm`åstdfm (DBKOD), pgr cg quk pmrm kstk þctdeg fmsg kc fícfucg `kc dbfrkekbtg mbumc sk kakftþm cm s
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å
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pg`kegs muxdcdmr pmrm ek`dr su vmrdmfdöb, sdb kehmrog, ks ubm príftdfm fgeþb utdcdzmr kc dbfrkekbtg m m
c `
pgrfkbtumc `kc smcmrdg eåbdeg quk ks `ktkredbm`g pgr cm Fgedsdöb Bmfdgbmc `k Vmcmrdgs Eåbdegs r d
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(FGBMVMED) y m pmrtdr `k kccgs fmcfucmr su vmrdmfdöb. p l
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d
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ek`dmbtk cm fumc kc L. Fgbskng `k Xkprkskbtmbtks `k cm Fgedsdöb Bmfdgbmc `k Vmcmrdgs Eåbdegs, q k
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kstmhckfdö kc smcmrdg eåbdeg okbkrmc quk skrí vdokbtk m pmrtdr `kc =º `k kbkrg `k 8:8: kb cm Xkpþhcdfm m ]
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t
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`gs írkms okgoríadfms> e
u
f
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^gbm Cdhrk `k cm Argbtkrm Bgrtk. @
Okbkrmc (Xkstg `kc Zmås).
Fmhk ekbfdgbmr, quk kc smcmrdg eåbdeg sk `ktkredbö tgemb`g kb fgbsd`krmfdöb cgs sdoudkbtks
fgepgbkbtks (Qkr tmhcm =)>
Pmhcm =
@ktkredbmfdöb `kc smcmrdg eåbdeg pmrm kc 8:8:
Egbtg vdokbtk Egbtg Db`kpkb`dkbtk Muekbtg Qdokbtk m pmrtdr `kc =º
Írkm Okgoríadfm 8:=4 `k Xkfupkrmfdöb (EDX) pgr adnmfdöb `k kbkrg `k 8:8:
(pksgs) (pksgs) (%) (pksgs)
^gbm Cdhrk
Okbkrmc `k cm`kc
(Xkstg Argbtkrm
pmås) Bgrtk =?1.?8
=:8.1< :.::
=0.1? ;
; =<;.;1
=86.88
Aukbtk> Fgedsdöb Bmfdgbmc `k Vmcmrdgs Eåbdegs (FGBMVMED). z
k
t
å
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Kb cm sdoudkbtk tmhcm sk eukstrmb cgs sukc`gs ldstördfgs `k cms fmtkogråms `k embg `k ghrm quk pmrtdfdpm k
kb kc prkskbtk fmtícgog, m pmrtdr `kc 8:=8 mc 8:=1> H
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Aukbtk> FEDF, `dvkrsgs mýgs.
@k cm edsem agrem y fgb cm adbmcd`m` `k tkbkr ubm pkrspkftdvm `kc ekrfm`g cmhgrmc sk lmb kakftum`g
fgepmrmtdvms fgb cm dbagremfdöb kedtd`m pgr grombdsegs prdvm`gs fgeg ks kc Dbstdtutg Ekxdfmbg `k
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Cuomr> Zkrdaärdfg Vur Bg. 0<64 Fgc. Zmrquks `kc Zk`rkomc, @kc. Pcmcpmb, Fdu`m` `k Eäxdfg, FZ. =0:=:
Cuomr> Zkrdaärdfg Vur Bg. 0<64 Fgc. Zmrquks `kc Zk`rkomc, @kc. Pcmcpmb, Fdu`m` `k Eäxdfg, FZ. =0:=:
Cuomr> Zkrdaärdfg Vur Bg. 0<64 Fgc. Zmrquks `kc Zk`rkomc, @kc. Pcmcpmb, Fdu`m` `k Eäxdfg, FZ. =0:=:
Xkspgbsmhck>
Fmrog> ADXEM
z
@MPGV HÍVDFGV ZMXM KC MBÍCDVDV @KC AMFPGX @K VMCMXDG XKMC k
t
å
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8 Muxdcdmr tgpöormag $866.06 $806.4; =.6=006 :.84;:0 =.?:8864 $64?.6; g g
r
6 Myu`mbtk `k dbstmcmfdöb $8;<.0= $8?:.:1 =.6=006 :.8<<0: =.146;=8 $06?.18 `
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m u
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< Fmrpdbtkrg `k hmbfg $08;.== $000.8? =.6=006 :.811<6 =.11;=;4 $?:?.<< b
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=8 Gadfdmc mzucknkrg $6?;.== $648.:8 =.6=006 :.8?=8< =.1?=::4 $181.<= @
=6 Gadfdmc fgcgfm`gr $08;.== $000.8? =.6=006 :.811<6 =.11;=;4 $?:?.<<
=0 Gadfdmc kckftrdfdstm $08;.== $000.8? =.6=006 :.811<6 =.11;=;4 $?:?.<<
=; Gadfdmc adkrrkrg $60=.?< $6;?.=4 =.6=006 :.8?04< =.1?;<?8 $;?8.?<
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=? Gadfdmc pcgekrg $0:<.06 $081.<0 =.6=006 :.81<=4 =.11140? $1<:.<6
=< Gadfdmc vd`rdkrg $666.00 $60<.0? =.6=006 :.8?1:8 =.1??864 $;;4.81
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8: Gpkrm`gr `k fmedöb $0;<.01 $0?4.=6 =.6=006 :.81064 =.11=4;8 $?1=.40
8= Gpkrm`gr `k fmrom`gr $04=.<= $;=6.4< =.6=006 :.81884 =.1;4=48 $<=1.:=
88 Gpkrm`gr `k fmrpktkm`gr $;0=.?4 $;11.8= =.6=006 :.8;416 =.1;;14; $<4?.:0
86 Gpkrm`gr `k `ug-pmftgr $0:<.06 $081.<0 =.6=006 :.81<=4 =.11140? $1<:.<6
80 Gpkrm`gr `k kqudpg cdokrg $6=1.?1 $66=.:0 =.6=006 :.8?<8? =.1<:=41 $;68.88
8; Gpkrm`gr `k egtgfgbagrem`grm $;0=.?4 $;11.8= =.6=006 :.8;416 =.1;;14; $<4?.:0
Cuomr> Zkrdaärdfg Vur Bg. 0<64 Fgc. Zmrquks `kc Zk`rkomc, @kc. Pcmcpmb, Fdu`m` `k Eäxdfg, FZ. =0:=:
Xkspgbsmhck>
Fmrog> ADXEM
81 Gpkrm`gr `k pktrgcdzm`grm $04=.<= $;=6.4< =.6=006 :.81884 =.1;4=48 $<=1.:=
z
8? Gpkrm`gr `k pcmbflm $0:<.06 $081.<0 =.6=006 :.81<=4 =.11140? k
$1<:.<6 t
8< Gpkrm`gr `k rktrgkxfmvm`grm $;0=.?4 $;11.8= =.6=006 :.8;416 =.1;;14; $<4?.:0 å
b
84 Gpkrm`gr `k trmftgr $;0=.?4 $;11.8= =.6=006 :.8;416 =.1;;14; $<4?.:0 k
6: Gpkrm`gr `k vklåfucg fgb orþm $6<6.08 $0::.?: =.6=006 :.8?:01 =.11446= $10:.8< H
z
6= Xmstrdcckrg $84=.?0 $6:0.<4 =.6=006 :.8<8== =.1<;800 $04=.1; k
68 Pgrbdcckrg $6::.:< $6=6.1= =.6=006 :.8<:?1 =.1<6014 $;:;.=< ` .
b c
66 Puhkrg $00=.<: $01=.?8 =.6=006 :.81;;1 =.11604: m
$?60.46 ä t
E g
t
r g
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c r
m m
V p
k b
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d
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p l
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Bgehrk `k cm `kpkb`kbfdm>
Fkbtrg Bmfdgbmc `k Dbokbdkråm `k Fgstgs (FKDFG)
Bþekrg `k cdfdtmfdöb> Dbdfdg> =; `k akhrkrg `k 8:8:
FEDF-8:8: Päredbg> 6: `k mhrdc `k 8:8:
Ghrm> @urmfdöb> ?1 `åms
Embtkbdedkbtg m cm Gadfdbm Fkbtrmc `k cm FEDF.
Cuomr> Zkrdaärdfg Vur Bg. 0<64 Fgc. Zmrquks `kc Zk`rkomc, @kc. Pcmcpmb, Fdu`m` `k Eäxdfg, FZ. =0:=:
Adrem
Bgehrk `kc Cdfdtmbtk>
Embukc Mcknmb`rg Xg`råoukz Vuírkz
Xkspgbsmhck>
Fmrog> z
k
t
å
b
[bd`m` `k Ek`d`m y Mftumcdzmfdöb ([EM)> $<1.<<
k
8; Qkfks cm [EM $8,=?8.:: H
6 vkfks cm [EM> $81:.10 KBAKXEK@M@ T EMPKXBD@M@ z
Vmcmrdg Hmsk k
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.
`k Fgtdzmfdöb
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Akflm `k Fícfucg> :=-akh-8: Vmcmrdg Hmsk `k Fugt
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vmrd
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mhckck Fu
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nm kspkfdk ä t
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t
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vkfks cm [EM g c
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$<1.<< Mrt.8; CVV
ghrm> armffdöb. DD armffdöb D v f
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$00=.<: =.:0;:< $01=.?8 $8:=.:< $8.8=8 $=?.?8 $0.<; d
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K t
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m d
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å
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< Fmrpdbtkrg `k hmbfg $08;.== =.:0;:< $000.8? $=<6.16 $8.:8: $=?.?8 $0.11 g k
s v
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== Gadfdmc mchmýdc $611.?< =.:0;:< $6<6.6= $=88.1? $=.604 $=?.?8 $0.:8 m m
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=8 Gadfdmc mzucknkrg r d
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r
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q k
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m ]
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t
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Gpkrm`gr `k fmedöb ngr =.:::::: $?1=.40 $?1=.40
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Fg`g `k fgbfrktg `k =;x0; orm`gs pdkzm $?<.?= `
r d
g h
d
Fg`g `k adkrrg aub`d`g `k 4:º `k =:8 ee (0") tdpg PMX-PDVM pdkzm $=4<.8; p l
g g
r
`
d p
Fg`g `k adkrrg aub`d`g `k 4:º `k =;8 ee (1") tdpg PMX-PDVM pdkzm $00:.1; r
d m
u `
q k
Fg`g `k adkrrg aub`d`g `k 4:º `k 8:6 ee (<") tdpg PMX-PDVM pdkzm $4=6.?0 ` u
m ]
g
t
Fg`g `k adkrrg aub`d`g `k 4:º `k ;= ee (8") tdpg PMX-PDVM pdkzm $4:.=; b
k
e
Fg`g Ag.Ag. Hrd`m`g `k 0;º,88º y ==º x 8-=/8" (16 ee) pdkzm $608.41 u
f
g
Fg`g Ag.Ag. Hrd`m`g `k 0;º,88º y ==º x 6" (?1 ee) pdkzm $6?6.0; @
Keucsdöb
Keucsdö b msaíct
msaíctdfm
dfm XX-
XX-8I,
8I, kcmhgr
kcmhgrm`m
m`m fgb MF-
MF-8:
8: ö kqu
kqudvm
dvmckb
ckbtk
tk y emt
emtkrd
krdmck
mckss pätrkg
pätrkgss `k orm
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gektrå
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m c $=:.1;
6/0" (=4 ee).
Kbtrm`m `k skrvdfdg (euam) tdpg mhrmzm`krm `k =/8"(=6 ee) eg`kcg KL-= pdkzm $8;.<4
Qdokbtk m pmrtdr `kc 81 `k nubdg `k 8:8: 06 Fmtícgog `k fgstgs `drkftgs `k vdvdkb`m
Kbtrm`m `k skrvdfdg (euam) tdpg mhrmzm`krm `k 6/0"(=4 ee) eg`kcg KLF-8 pdkzm $8?.:8
Ormvdccm e¶ $8?1.68
Qdokbtk m pmrtdr `kc 81 `k nubdg `k 8:8: 00 Fmtícgog `k fgstgs `drkftgs `k vdvdkb`m
Cgsktm eg`kcg Omcm Hkdok `k 8:.= x 6:.8 fe, mspkftg eíregc, mfmhm`g hrdccmbtk pmrm eurg e¸ $=86.:4
Cgsktm vdbåcdfm `k =.1 ee `k kspksgr, `k 6:.0< x 6:.0< fe, eg`kcg ZE 681 e¸ $?;.41
Cgsktm vdbåcdfm `k 6.= ee `k kspksgr, `k 6:.0< x 6:.0< fe, eg`kcg PF ;?6 e¸ $=;1.10
Cuedbmrdm @dmembtk pmrm mcuehrm`g vdmc, QVMZ 8;: _, eg`kcg CE:81 pdkzm $8,4<6.::
Qdokbtk m pmrtdr `kc 81 `k nubdg `k 8:8: 0; Fmtícgog `k fgstgs `drkftgs `k vdvdkb`m
Cuedbmrdm CK@ `k fmcck VC-VE `k 16 _, 1,<:: ce, =8:/88?Q, fö`dog 88=;1; pdkzm $1,<88.68
Cuedbmrdm CK@ `k fmcck VC-VE `k 40 _, =:,8:: ce, =8:/88?Q, fö`dog 88=;14 pdkzm $<,:0;.46
Cuedbmrdg Kurgpkm Ck` `k =:; _, eg`kcg CZ:=:, fmrfmzm `k mcuedbdg dbykftm`g pdkzm $4,8<6.::
Cuedbmrdg CK@ db`ustrdmc y fgekrfdmc, fmrfmsm `k mcuedbdg, eg`kcg 8=?:== `k =1: _ pdkzm $=6,6;0.=? z
k
t
å
Em`krm `k pdbg (fdehrm) `k = fmrm `k =; ee x =.88 e x 8.00 e lgnm $61:.:: b
k
H
Em`krm `k pdbg `k 6m `k 6/0" (=4ee) x =8" (6: fe) x <-=/0' (8.;:e) pt $8=.=0 z
k
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.
Emccm kckftrgsgc`m`m `k 1x1-=:/=:, rgccg `k 8.;x0: e, eg`kcg 1:0 e¸ $=;.<; b m
ä t
E g
t
Emccm ksqudbkrm rkftm `k 0"(=:: ee) x 8.0: e pdkzm $;6.40 r g
g c
` m
Emccm ubdöb Pkregagb pdkzm $81.?< m d
v f
c r
m m
Emboukrm `k suffdöb pmrm moum y cg`g `k ?; ee (6") fö`dog EMV-KV:?1, trmeg `k 6: e pdkzm $?,:<;.4; V p
k b
ö
Emrfg fgb tmpm MZ `k ;: x ;: fe, `k <: io pdkzm $=,;;:.:: u d
q
d f
r u
b h
d
Ekehrmbm
Ekehrm bm `k rka
rkaukr
ukrzg
zg pmr
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m sds
sdstke
tkems
ms dep
depkre
krekmh
kmhcks
cks msa
msaíct
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dfgss hms
hmsk
k mou
moum
m y hms
hmsk
k sgc
sgcvkb
vkbtk
tk Aks
Akstkr
tkrack
ackx,
x, e $=0.=: r
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`k =: x =.=: e s
m d
f `
d
s
Egc`urm `k pgcdkstdrkbg tdpg pkflg pmcgem `k =: x =: fe Bg. = e $64.:; a g
å
m
m t
b b
Egrtkrg kxpmbsdvg Vdim Orgut, smfg `k 6: io pdkzm $1==.0? g k
s v
r
k u
Zmbkc FGBPKF MMF-0 ?< io/fe8 (pmrm Qdvdkb`m) e¶ $0,:<4.?8 p s
m m
c `
r d
h
Zmbkc FGBPKF MMF-0 4< io/fe8 (pmrm Qdvdkb`m) e¶ $0,=84.;= g d
p l
Zmbkc `k yksg rkoucmr `k =.88 x 8.00e (0' x <') `k =8.? ee `k kspksgr pdkzm $=:8.1? g g
r
`
d p
r
d m
Zmbkc kstrufturmc Fgvdbtkf Zrkedue `k 6" x =.88 x 8.00 e pdkzm $;=1.=? u `
q k
` u
m ]
Zmbkc kstrufturmc `k 6" `k =.88 x 8.00 e, mcmehrk Fmc. =0 pdkzm $;;:.<1 g
t
b
Zmbkc sked-kstrufturmc `k 8" `k =.88 x 8.00 e, mcmehrk Fmc. =0 pdkzm $0=;.;8 k
e
u
Zkradc prdbfdpmc P `k 6.11 e pdkzm $6,:4=.=? f
g
@
Zkradc skfub`mrdg P `k :.1= e pdkzm $=,=10.?;
Zdnm pmrm em`krm fgb mrdstms #=: x = =/8", pubtm =? pldccdps bkorm, eg`kcg ZEM=::6< pdkzm $:.;:
Qdokbtk m pmrtdr `kc 81 `k nubdg `k 8:8: 01 Fmtícgog `k fgstgs `drkftgs `k vdvdkb`m
Zdnm pmrm tmhcmrgfm fukr`m adbm `k #1 \ = ;/<", pldccdps bkorm, eg`kcg ZP:1:0= edccmr $81:.::
Zdbturm ksemctk mcqud`ícdfm mbtdfgrrgsdvm hmsk moum, Mfqum =:: Emx®, fuhktm `k =4 cdtrgs c $=;1.:6
Zdbturm pmrm skýmcmedkbtg `k tríbsdtg Qåm Fgcgr®, fuhktm `k =4 cdtrgs c $=0<.6< z
k
t
å
Zdbturm vdbdc mfråcdfm smtdbm`m hmsk moum Qdbdekx®, hgtk `k =4 cdtrgs. c $==<.;6 b
k
H
Zcmfm `k mfkrg M-61 `k =/0" `k == x ; fe pdkzm $=1.80 z
k
` c
.
Zcmfm `k mfkrg M-61 `k =/0" `k 4 x ; fe pdkzm $=1.80 b m
ä t
E g
t
Zcmim pcmaöb Mbtmrds CV `k 1= x 1= fe, rksdstkbtk mc aukog, fmnm fgb =0 pdkzms fmnm $=,?=1.:8 r g
g c
` m
Zcmtg qudkhrm flgrrg fgb hgcm `k fgbtrm pksg y fg`g fkspgc, `k adkrrg aub`d`g nukog $=,=??.8: m d
v f
c r
m m
Zgcdktdckbg `k 0:: edfrms e¸ $=?.0? V p
k b
ö
Zgcåb fdehrm `k pdbg `k < fe x < fe x 8.;: e pt $<.0= u d
q
d f
r u
b h
d
Zgstk fmcdhrk 81 `k 0.=: fe x 8.00 e pdkzm $68.8? r
K t
s
m d
f `
d
Zgstk fmcdhrk 81 `k 1.6; fe x 8.00 e pdkzm $;=.=? s
a g
å
m
m t
Zgstk föbdfg fdrfucmr `k <.:: e, amhrdfm`g kb cmedbm `k mfkrg, fmcdhrk ==, eg`kcg ZV:8? pdkzm $6,1==.:: b b
g k
s v
r
Zgstk föbdf
dfg
g fum`rm`g, skrdk ZFF[ `k ; e `k mct
ctu
urm, kspksgr `k pcmf
cmfm `k ==.= ee
ee,, tkred
edb
bm`g pdkzm $=,<68.?= k u
omcvmbdzm`g p s
m m
c `
r d
Zgstk ektícdfg fmc. 81e, 4.8: fe x 8.00 e e $=?.:6 g h
d
p l
Zu
Zukkrtm
rtm `k mh
mhmt
mtdr
dr `k =.<
.<:
: x =.8:
.8: e, frds
frdsttmc fc
fcmr
mrg
g `k 6 ee fgfgep
epck
cktg
tg,, fgb
fgb em
emrf
rfg
g `k mcue
mcuedb
dbdg
dg hcm
hcmbf
bfg
g pdkzm $?,116.04 g g
r
` p
d
pdbturm kckftrgstítdfm. (dbfcuyk> flmpm skbfdccm fgb ccmvk y 8 nmcm`krms) r m
d
u `
q k
Xkfuhrdedkbtg mfråcdfg kb pmstm Pkxturd Pkrsm®, fuhktm `k =4 cdtrgs pdkzm $161.8= ` u
m ]
g
t
Xkfuhrdedkbtg prgtkftgr y `kfgrmtdvg kcístdfg Akstkrhcmbf, fuhktm `k =4 cdtrgs pdkzm $8,10;.:: b
k
Xkfuhrdedkbtg tkxturdzmhck Qdbdfkekbt @, fuhktm `k 66 io Fuhktm $?<8.;6 e
u
f
g
Xk`uffdöb Ag.Ag. Hrd`m`m `k =:"x 6" (8;:x?1 ee) pdkzm $=,;=<.44 @
Pmhdquk l
lu
ukfg Q
Qddbtkx Bmturmc =
=8
8/=8 `k
`k =8
=8x=8x80 fe
fe, m
mffmhm`g ccddsg, e
eg
g`kcg QD
QDB=8=8BMP[ edccmr $;,;<;.<1
Pmhdquk l
lu
ukfg Q
Qddbtkx Bmturmc 1
1//=8 `k
`k 1x
1x=8x80 fe
fe, mf
mfmhm`g rþ
rþstdfg, e
eg
g`kcg QD
QDB:1=8XBMP[ edccmr $8,?84.<4
Pmhcmfkekbtg [VO @[XGFI® `k =/8"(=8.? ee) `k kspksgr, ek`d`ms =,88e x 8.00e pdkzm $018.;;
Pmpm fdkom Ag.Ag. `k 8-=/8" (16 ee) `k `díektrg pdkzm $=?=.8: z
k
t
å
Pmpm fdkom Ag.Ag. `k 6" (?1 ee) `k `díektrg pdkzm $8:8.;: b
k
H
Pmpm fdkom Ag.Ag. `k 0" (=:= ee) `k `díektrg pdkzm $8<?.0< z
k
` c
.
Pmpm fdkom Ag.Ag. `k 1" (=;8 ee) `k `díektrg pdkzm $0=<.40 b m
ä t
E g
t
Pmpm fdkom Ag.Ag. `k <" (8:6 ee) `k `díektrg pdkzm $10?.6; r g
g c
` m
Pmpm prkfgcm`m pmrm rkodstrg `k :.0:x:.1:x=.:: e pdkzm $0=;.8< m d
v f
c r
m m
Pmpktk `k nkrom `k 1: x 6? fe, fcmvk PMNK-1: pdkzm $;<.:: V p
k b
Pmpöb fuhrktmcm`rgs eg`kcg ZC-M=:: pdkzm $8=.61 u d
q
d ö
f
r u
b h
d
Pmquktk fgcgr bkorg `k =/8" x =", eg`kcg A@Z:=6 fmnm $88.:: r
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s
m d
f
d `
Pmquktk fgcgr bkorg `k =/0 x =", eg`kcg A@Z::1 pdkzm $:.8: s
a g
å
m
m t
Pmquktk fgcgr bkorg `k ;/=1 x =", eg`kcg A@Z::< pdkzm $:.8; b b
g k
s v
r
Pm
Pmzm
zm rk`
k`ggb`m
b`m `k fk
fkrí
ríed
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fm pgr
pgrfkcm
fkcmbd
bdzzm`
m`m
m `k 0.<
0.< cdcdttrgs
rgs pg
pgrr `ks
ksfm
fmro
rom,
m, eg`k
eg`kcg
cg Fm`k
Fm`ktt ZXG BL XA, pdkzm $0,618.:: k u
fgcgr hcmbfg. p s
m m
c `
r d
Pkk `k Ag.Ag. Hrd`m`m `k =:" x =:" (8;:x8;: ee) pdkzm $6,;:8.4: g h
d
p l
Pkk `k Ag.Ag. Hrd`m`m `k =:" x 8-=/8" (8;:x16 ee) pdkzm $6,?0=.;1 g g
r
`
d p
r m
d
Pkk `k Ag.Ag. Hrd`m`m `k =:" x 6" (8;:x?1 ee) pdkzm $6,?<:.<4 u `
q
` k
u
m ]
Pkk `k Ag.Ag. Hrd`m`m `k =:" x 0" (8;:x=:: ee) pdkzm $6,<44.:1 g
t
b
Pkk `k Ag.Ag. Hrd`m`m `k =:" x 1" (8;:x=;: ee) pdkzm $0,:;1.?: k
e
u
Pkk `k Ag.Ag. Hrd`m`m `k =:" x <" (8;:x8:: ee) pdkzm $0,81:.;: f
g
@
Pkk `k Ag.Ag. Hrd`m`m `k 8" x 8" (;=x;= ee) pdkzm $08:.<6
Pkk `k Ag.Ag. Hrd`m`m `k 0" x 0" (=::x=:: ee) pdkzm $=,=;?.<1 z
k
t
å
Pkk `k Ag.Ag. Hrd`m`m `k 1" x 8" (=;:x;= ee) pdkzm $=,;6:.:; b
k
H
Pkk `k Ag.Ag. Hrd`m`m `k 1" x 8-=/8" (=;:x16 ee) pdkzm $=,;?=.6; z
k
` c
.
Pkk `k Ag.Ag. Hrd`m`m `k 1" x 6" (=;:x?1 ee) pdkzm $=,1=8.:? b m
ä t
E g
t
Pkk `k Ag.Ag. Hrd`m`m `k 1" x 0" (=;:x=:: ee) pdkzm $=,?61.<6 r g
g c
` m
Pkk `k Ag.Ag. Hrd`m`m `k 1" x 1" (=;:x=;: ee) pdkzm $=,<1=.:0 m d
v f
c r
m m
Pkk `k Ag.Ag. Hrd`m`m `k <" x 8-=/8" (8::x16 ee) pdkzm $8,064.?; V p
k b
Pkk `k Ag.Ag. Hrd`m`m `k <" x 6" (8::x?1 ee) pdkzm $8,0<=.80 u d
q
d ö
f
r u
b h
d
Pkk `k Ag.Ag. Hrd`m`m `k <" x 0" (8::x=:: ee) pdkzm $8,:1;.61 r
K t
s
m d
f `
d
Pkk `k Ag.Ag. Hrd`m`m `k <" x 1" (8::x=;: ee) pdkzm $8,?84.64 s
a g
å
m
m t
Pkk `k Ag.Ag. Hrd`m`m `k <" x <" (8::x8:: ee) pdkzm $8,4?0.=6 b b
g k
s v
r
Pkpktmtk e¶ $6::.:: k u
p s
m m
c
Pkrrmzg eg`kcg Vcmtk Tmimrtm 6: `k 6: x 6: fe e¸ $11;.4; `
r d
g h
d
Pkzgbtck e¶ $6<:.:: p l
g g
r
`
d p
Pldbbkr kstíb`mr Fgekx, hgtk `k 8: cdtrgs c $6=.84 r m
d
u `
q
Pgrbdccg fmhkzm kxtrmpcmbm `k 1 ee x = =/<" pdkzm $:.=? ` k
u
m ]
g
t
Pgrbdccg fmhkzm lkxmogbmc Orm`g 8 `k =/8" x 8", fö`dog KC=6:;= pdkzm $=;.8? b
k
e
Pgrbdccg fmhkzm lkxmogbmc Orm`g 8 `k 6/0" x 0", fö`dog KC=4=:8 pdkzm $;<.1< u
f
g
Pgrbdccg fmhkzm lkxmogbmc Orm`g 8 `k ?/<" x ;", fö`dog KC88=8? pdkzm $=::.?? @
Puhg `
`k
k ffg
gbfrktg rrk
kagrzm`g `
`k
k==:
:? ffe
e (0
(08") ffg
gb nnu
ubtm lk
lkreätdfm, u
ub
bdöb k
ksspdom-fmepmbm, or
orm`g = e $8,6;1.<:
Puhg `k fgbfrktg rkagrzm`g `k =88 fe (0<") fgb nubtm lkreätdfm, ubdöb kspdom-fmnm, orm`g = e $8,<80.0?
Qdokbtk m pmrtdr `kc 81 `k nubdg `k 8:8: ;: Fmtícgog `k fgstgs `drkftgs `k vdvdkb`m
Puhg `k fgbfrktg rkagrzm`g `k 0; fe (=<") fgb nubtm lkreätdfm, ubdöb kspdom-fmepmbm, orm`g = e $;?:.86
Puhg `k fgbfrktg rkagrzm`g `k 1= fe (80") fgb nubtm lkreätdfm, ubdöb kspdom-fmepmbm, orm`g = e $?<;.::
z
Puhg `k fgbfrktg rkagrzm`g `k ?1 fe (6:") fgb nubtm lkreätdfm, ubdöb kspdom-fmepmbm, orm`g = e $=,6;?.<< k
t
å
b
k
H
Puhg `k fgbfrktg rkagrzm`g `k 4= fe (61") fgb nubtm lkreätdfm, ubdöb kspdom-fmepmbm, orm`g = e $=,;=:.:: z
k
` c
.
b m
Puhg `k fgbfrktg sdepck `k =; fe (1") fgb nubtm lkreätdfm, orm`g = e $=:;.:: ä t
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t
r g
Puhg `k fgbfrktg sdepck `k =; fe (1") fgb nubtm lkreätdfm, orm`g = e $=:;.:: g c
` m
m d
v f
c r
Puhg `k fgbfrktg sdepck `k 8: fe (<") fgb nubtm lkreätdfm, orm`g = e $=0:.:: m m
V p
Puhg `k fgbfrktg sdepck `k 8; fe (=:") fgb nubtm lkreätdfm, orm`g = e $=<;.:: k b
u d
q
d ö
f
Puhg `k fgbfrktg sdepck `k 8; fe (=:") fgb nubtm lkreätdfm, orm`g = e $=<;.:: r u
b h
d
r
K t
Puhg `k fgbfrktg sdepck `k 6: fe (=8") fgb nubtm lkreätdfm, orm`g = e $8;:.:: s
m d
f `
d
s
Puhg `k fgbfrktg sdepck `k 6< fe (=;") fgb nubtm lkreätdfm, orm`g = e $6?:.:: a g
å
m
m t
b b
Puhg `k fgbfrktg sdepck `k 0; fe (=<") fgb nubtm lkreätdfm, orm`g = e $06:.:: g k
s v
r
k u
Puhg `k fgbfrktg sdepck `k 1= fe (80") fgb nubtm lkreätdfm, orm`g = e $<8:.:: p s
m m
c `
r d
h
Puhg `k fgbfrktg sdepck `k <" (8:: ee) e $60?.60 g d
p l
Puhg `k ZQF sdstkem dbocäs X@ 81 `k kspdom-fmepmbm `k =:: ee (0") `k 1e e $4=.<6 g g
r
`
d p
r
d m
Puhg `k ZQF sdstkem dbocäs X@ 81 `k kspdom-fmepmbm `k =;: ee (1") `k 1e e $=44.?6 u `
q
` k
u
m ]
Puhg `k ZQF sdstkem dbocäs X@ 81 `k kspdom-fmepmbm `k 8:: ee (<") `k 1e e $661.06 g
t
b
Puhg `k ZQF sdstkem dbocäs X@ 81 `k kspdom-fmepmbm `k ;= ee (8") `k 1e e $8;.6: k
e
u
Puhg `k ZQF sdstkem dbocäs X@ 81 `k kspdom-fmepmbm `k 10 ee (8 =/8") `k 1e e $6?.66 f
g
@
Puhg `k ZQF sdstkem dbocäs X@ 81 `k kspdom-fmepmbm `k ?; ee (6") `k 1e e $;;.8:
Puhg ld`ríucdfg ZQF fgb fmepmbm sdstkem dbocäs X@-8=, `k ==0.6 ee (0") trmeg `k 1 e e $=:4.=:
Puhg ld`ríucdfg ZQF fgb fmepmbm sdstkem dbocäs X@-8=, `k ?6 ee (8 =/8") trmeg `k 1 e e $01.<6
Puhg ld`ríucdfg ZQF fgb fmepmbm sdstkem dbocäs X@-8=, `k <<.4 ee (6") trmeg `k 1 e e $<?.10
Qí
Qícv
cvuc
ucm
m `k fgep
fgepuk
ukrt
rtm
m `k ldkr
ldkrrg
rg aub`
aub`d`
d`g
g tdpg
tdpg GV
GV&T
&T `k =:
=:8
8 ee (0")
(0") hmrr
hmrrk
kbm`g
bm`g m hrd`
hrd`ms
ms,, fgb
fgb ví
víst
stmo
mog
g pdkzm $1,1;<.1?
msfkb`kbtk, fcmsk =8;, adourm _?81A
Qdokbtk m pmrtdr `kc 81 `k nubdg `k 8:8: ;= Fmtícgog `k fgstgs `drkftgs `k vdvdkb`m
Qí
Qícv
cvuc
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m `k fgep
fgepuk
ukrt
rtm
m `k ldkr
ldkrrg
rg aub`
aub`d`
d`g
g tdpg
tdpg GV
GV&T
&T `k =;
=;8
8 ee (1")
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m`g
g m hrd`
hrd`ms
ms,, fgb
fgb ví
víst
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lkrrme
medk
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btm,
m,
kqudpg `k fgrtk, mfmrrkgs dbtkrbgs, mpdck `k emtrdmc.
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ghrm , kqudpg y lkrrmedkbtm.
Q:=.:
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k> em
emtk
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dmck
cks,
s, e¸ $84.:1
embg `k ghrm, mb`medgs y lkrrmedkbtm.
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ets `k mcturm. dbfcuy
cuyk> emtkrdmc, em
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t
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mcturm. dbfcuyk> emtkrdmc, embg `k ghrm, lkrrmedkbtm, kqudpg, mfmrrkgs m =rm. kstmfdöb. g c
` m
m d
v f
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ckftrdf
dfg
gs (mpmom`grks, fgbtmftgs y tmpms),
s), fgrtks `k fmhck
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b
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u ö
q f
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g k
dbfcuyk> emtkrdmc, embg `k ghrm, lkrrmedkbtm, mfmrrkgs m =rm. kstmfdöb. s v
r
k u
p s
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eurg `dvdsgrdg `k tmhcmr
cmrgfm `k .=: fes
fes `k kspksgr, pgr ek ek` `dgs
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c `
emb
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cks.
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segbtmnk `k frdstmc sdb rkfup
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emxxdeg `k fumcqudkr
dkr fmcdcdh
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dbfcu
cmfcuyk
yk>> em
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ks,, em
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k `k emtk
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gs `kbt
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rg `k q k
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segbtmnk `k fmbfkckrdm ektmcdcdffm lmstm 6.;: ets `k mcturm. dbfcuyk> emtkr
tkrdmc, em
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bg e¸ $40.04 b
`k ghrm, lkrrmedkbtm, mfmrrkgs m =rm. kstmfdöb. k
e
u
Q:=.:?= Xktdrg
drg `k m`gfrktg lkxmogbmc, kb mrkm `k mffksg. dbfdbfcuyk> mpdcdck
k `k emtkrdmc, mfmrrkgs e¸ $0<.;0 f
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m pdk `k fmrrg, rktdrg `k fmem `k mrkbm, mfmrrkg m tdrg cdhrk. @
Q:=.:06 Prmzg y bdvkcmfdöb `k fmccks, fgbsd`krmb`g> trmzg `k knks `k `rkbmnk, moum pgtmhck, e¸ $81.8<
su
suh-
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sk,, `gs
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ks,, hmb
mbq
quk
uktm
tm,, kckft
ckftrd
rdad
adfm
fmfd
fdöb
öb,, ktf.
tf. Dbfcu
bfcuyyk> kqu
kqudpg
dpg `k
tgpgormaåm y emtkrdmcks pmrm skýmcmedkbtg.
Q:=.:
:=.:0
00 Prmz
Prmzgg y bd
bdvvkc
kcm
mfd
fdöb
öb `k ghrm
ghrmss kxtk
kxtkrrdgrk
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s, fgb
fgbsd
sd`k
`krm
rmb`
b`g
g> pcmzg
cmzgck
cktm
tms,
s, mb
mb`m
`m`g
`grk
rks,
s, mrr
mrrdmt
dmtks y e¸ $0.18
nmr`dbkråm. Dbfcuyk> kqudpg
kqudpg `k tgpgormaåm y emtkrdmcks pmrm skýmcmedkbtg.
Q:=.:=; Kxfmvmfdöb m embg kb fkpms `k emtkrdmc tdpg D, kb zgbm "M", lmstm 8.:: e `k e¶ $4<.46
prga
prgaub
ub`d
`d`m
`m`.
`. Dbfcu
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yk>> rktd
rktdrg
rg `kc
`kc emtk
emtkrd
rdmc
mc lmst
lmstm
m 0.::
0.:: e `k `dstm
`dstmbf
bfdm
dm lgrd
lgrdzg
zgbt
btmc
mc,, madbk
madbk `k
agb`g y tmcu`ks, ek`d`g kb hmbfg.
Q:=.:=1 Kxfmvmfdöb m embg kb fkpms `k emtkrdmc tdpg D, kb zgbm "H", lmstm 8.:: e `k e¶ $=66.40
prga
prgaub
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`d`m
`m`.
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yk>> rktd
rktdrg
rg `kc
`kc emtk
emtkrd
rdmc
mc lmst
lmstm
m 0.::
0.:: e `k `dstm
`dstmbf
bfdm
dm lgrd
lgrdzg
zgbt
btmc
mc,, madbk
madbk `k
agb`g y tmcu`ks, ek`d`g kb hmbfg. z
k
t
å
Q:=.:=? Kxfmvmfdöb m embg kb fkpms, emtkrdmc tdpg D kb zgbm "M", `k 8.:= m 0.:: e `k e¶ $8:4.8? b
k
prga
prgaub
ub`d
`d`m
`m`.
`. Dbfcu
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yk>> rktd
rktdrg
rg `kc
`kc emtk
emtkrd
rdmc
mc lmst
lmstm
m 0.::
0.:: e `k `dstm
`dstmbf
bfdm
dm lgrd
lgrdzg
zgbt
btmc
mc,, madbk
madbk `k H
agb`g y tmcu`ks, ek`d`g kb hmbfg. z
k
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.
b m
Q:=.:=< Kxfmvmfdöb m embg kb fkpms, emtkrdmc tdpg D, kb zgbm "M", `k 0.:= m 1.:: e `k e¶ $8?4.:6 ä t
prga
prgaub
ub`d
`d`m
`m`.
`. Dbfcu
Dbfcuyk
yk>> rktd
rktdrg
rg `kc
`kc emtk
emtkrd
rdmc
mc lmst
lmstm
m 0.::
0.:: e `k `dstm
`dstmbf
bfdm
dm lgrd
lgrdzg
zgbt
btmc
mc,, madbk
madbk `k E g
t
agb`g y tmcu`ks, ek`d`g kb hmbfg. r g
g c
` m
m d
Q:=.:=4 Kxfmvmfdöb m embg kb fkpms, emtkrdmc tdpg DD, kb zgbm "M", 8.:= m 0.:: e `k e¶ $868.;6 v f
c r
m m
prga
prgaub
ub`d
`d`m
`m`,
`, dbfc
dbfcuy
uyk>
k> rktd
rktdrg
rg `kc
`kc em
emtk
tkrd
rdmc
mc lmst
lmstm
m 0.::
0.:: e `k `dst
`dstmb
mbfdm
fdm lgrd
lgrdzg
zgbt
btmc
mc,, madb
madbk
k `k V p
agb`g y tmcu`ks, ek`d`g kb hmbfg. k d
u ö
b
q f
d
Q:=.:8: Kxfmvmfdöb m embg kb fkpms, emtkrdmc tdpg DD, kb zgbm "M", `k 0.:= m 1.:: e `k e¶ $6=:.:0 r u
b d
h
prga
prgaub
ub`d
`d`m
`m`,
`, dbfc
dbfcuy
uyk>
k> rktd
rktdrg
rg `kc
`kc em
emtk
tkrd
rdmc
mc lmst
lmstm
m 0.::
0.:: e `k `dst
`dstmb
mbfdm
fdm lgrd
lgrdzg
zgbt
btmc
mc,, madb
madbk
k `k r
K t
agb`g y tmcu`ks, ek`d`g kb hmbfg. s
m d
f `
d
s
Q:=.:8= Kxfmvmfdöb m embg kb fkpms, emtkrdmc tdpg DD, kb zgbm "M", lmstm 8.:: e `k e¶ $=:4.48 a g
å
m
m t
prga
prgaub
ub`d
`d`m
`m`.
`. Dbfcu
Dbfcuyk
yk>> rktd
rktdrg
rg `kc
`kc emtk
emtkrd
rdmc
mc lmst
lmstm
m 0.::
0.:: e `k `dstm
`dstmbf
bfdm
dm lgrd
lgrdzg
zgbt
btmc
mc,, madbk
madbk `k b b
agb`g y tmcu`ks, ek`d`g kb hmbfg. g k
s v
r
k u
Q:=.:88 Kxfmvmfdöb pgr ek`dgs ekfíbdfgs kb fkpms, emtkrdmc tdpg D, kb zgbm "M", `k 8.:= m e¶ $61.=; p s
m m
c
0.:: e `k prgaub`d`m` ek`d`g kb hmbfg. `
r d
g h
d
p l
Q:=.:86 Kxfmvmfdöb pgr ek`dgs ekfíbdfgs kb fkpms, emtkrdmc tdpg D, kb zgbm "M", `k 0.:= m e¶ $0=.6? g g
r
1.:: e `k prgaub`d`m` ek`d`g kb hmbfg. `
d p
r m
d
u
Q:=.:80 Kxfmvmfdöb pgr ek`dgs ekfíbdfgs kb fkpms, emtkrdmc tdpg D, kb zgbm "M", lmstm 8.:: e¶ $6=.84 q `
` k
u
e `k prgaub`d`m` ek`d`g kb hmbfg. m ]
g
t
Q:=.:8; Kxfmvmfdöb pgr ek`dgs ekfíbdfgs kb fkpms, emtkrdmc tdpg DD, kb zgbm "M", `k 8.:= m e¶ $00.?; b
k
0.:: e `k prgaub`d`m` ek`d`g kb hmbfg. e
u
f
Q:=.:81 Kxfmvmfdöb pgr ek`dgs ekfíbdfgs kb fkpms, emtkrdmc tdpg DD, kb zgbm "M", `k 0.:= m e¶ $;=.?= g
@
1.:: e `k prgaub`d`m` ek`d`g kb hmbfg.
Q:=.:8< Kxfmvmfdöb pgr ek`dgs ekfíbdfgs kb emtkrdmc tdpg D, kb fmngbks pmrm fmccks, e¶ $60.4;
`kpg
`kpgsdt
sdtmb
mb`g
`g kc em
emtk
tkrd
rdmc
mc kb kc sdtdg
sdtdg quk
quk ským
skýmck
ck cm supk
supkrvrvds
dsdö
döb,
b, fgb
fgb mfmr
mfmrrk
rkg
g cdh
cdhrk
rk m 0:.:
0:.:::
e ek
ek`d
`d`g
`g kb tkrr
tkrrkb
kbgg bm
bmtu
turm
rmcc pgr
pgr sk
skff
ffdg
dgbm
bmed
edkb
kbtg
tg,, fgrt
fgrtk
k prge
prgek`
k`dg
dg `k :.;:
:.;: e, dbfc
dbfcuy
uyk>
k>
Q:=.:
:=.:8
84 Kxfm
Kxfmvvmfmfdö
döb
b pgr
pgr ek
ek``dgs
dgs ekfí
ekfíbd
bdfg
fgs,
s, kb fmng
fmngbk
bkss pmrmmrm fmcc
fmccks
ks,, `kpg
`kpgsd
sdtm
tmb
b`g kc emtk
emtkrrdmc
dmc kb e¶ $=<?.;0
kc sd
sdtd
tdg
g quk ským
skýmck
ck cm supk
supkrv
rvds
dsdö
döb
b fgb
fgb mf
mfmr
mrrrkg cdcdhr
hrk
k `k 0:0:..:: e, ek`d
ek`d`g
`g kb tkrr
tkrrkb
kbgg
bmturmc pgr skffdgbmedkbtg emtkrdmc tdpg DDD.
Q:=.:6: Kxfmvmfdöb pgr ek`dgs ekfíbdfgs, emtkrdmc tdpg DD, kb fmngbks pmrm fmccks, e¶ $06.8<
`kpg
`kpgsdt
sdtmb
mb`g
`g kc em
emtktkrd
rdmc
mc kb kc sdtdg
sdtdg quk
quk ským
skýmck
ck cm supk
supkrv
rvds
dsdö
döb,
b, fgb
fgb mfmr
mfmrrk
rkgg cdh
cdhrk
rk m 0:.:
0:.:::
e ek
ek`d
`d`g
`g kb tkrr
tkrrkb
kbgg bmtu
bmturm
rmcc pgr
pgr sk
skff
ffdg
dgbm
bmed
edkb
kbtg
tg fgrt
fgrtk
k prge
prgek`
k`dg
dg `k :.;:
:.;: e, dbfc
dbfcuy
uyk>
k> z
madbk fgb trmftgr. k
t
å
b
k
Q:=.:0= Prmspmckg lgrdzgbtmc m fdkcg mhdkrtg. e¶ $64.66 H
z
k
Q:=.:68 Xkcckbg m vgctkg fgb emtkrdmc prg`uftg `k kxfmvmfdöb, pgr ek`dgs ekfíbdfgs, pmrm e¶ $=4.8? ` c
.
b m
kxfm
kxfmvm
vmfd
fdgb
gbks
ks emyg
emygrk
rkss `k <.::
<.:: e `k mbfl
mbflg
g pgr
pgr 1.::
1.:: e `k prga
prgaub
ub`d
`d`m
`m`
` kb prge
prgek`
k`dg
dg,, ä t
E g
t
dbfcuyk> kqudpg, embg `k ghrm y mfmrrkg m =:.:: e `k `dstmbfdm.
r g
g c
` m
Q:=.:66 Xkcckbg kb fkpms g eksktms fgb emtkrdmc `k hmbfg (tkpktmtk), fgepmftm`g mc 4:% e¶ $;08.=0 m d
v f
c r
fgb
fgb fgep
fgepmfmftm
tm`g
`grr `k dep
depmf
mftg
tg,, kb fm
fmpm
pmss `k :.8:
:.8: e, dbfcu
dbfcuyk
yk>> em
emtk
tkrd
rdmc
mcks
ks,, em
embg
bg `k ghrm
ghrm,, m m
kqudpg, lkrrmedkbtm, mfmrrkgs k dbfgrpgrmfdöb `kc moum bkfksmrdm, ek`d`g fgepmftg. V p
k d
u ö
b
q f
d
r u
Q:=.:60 Xkcckbg kb fkpms g eksktms fgb emtkrdmc `k hmbfg (tkpktmtk), fgepmftm`g e¶ $04?.0= b h
d
embum
emb umce
cekb
kbtk
tk kb fmpm
fmpmss `k :.8:
:.8: e dbfc
dbfcuy
uyk>
k> dbfg
dbfgrp
rpgr
grmf
mfdö
döb
b `k moum
moum bk
bkfk
fksm
smrd
rdm,
m, em
embg
bg `k r
K t
ghrm, lkrrmedkbtms, mfmrrkgs y `kspkr`dfdgs ek`d`g fgepmftg (m rkhgtk `k pdsöb). s
m d
f
d `
s
a g
å
m
m t
Q:=.:6; Xkcckbg kb fkpms g eksktms fgb emtkrdmc prg`uftg `k cm kxfmvmfdöb fgepmftm`g mc e¶ $=68.10 b b
g k
4:%
4:% fgb
fgb fg
fgep
epmf
mftm
tm`g
`grr `k depm
depmft
ftg,
g, kb fm
fmpm
pmss `k :.8:
:.8: fe.,
fe., ek`d
ek`d`g
`g fg
fgep
epmfmftg
tg dbfc
dbfcuy
uyk>
k> s v
r
dbfgrpgrmfdöb `k moum bkfksmrdm, embg `k ghrm, lkrrmedkbtms y mfmrrkgs. k u
p s
m m
c `
r d
Q:=.:61 Xkcckbg kb fkpms g eksktms, fgb emtkrdmc prg`uftg `k cm kxfmvmfdöb fgepmftm`g e¶ $<?.4= g h
d
p l
g g
embumcekbtk fgb pdsöb kb fmpms `k :.8: e ek`d`g fgepmftg (m rkhgtk `k pdsöb).
r
`
d p
r m
d
u
Q:=.:6? Vghrkprkfdg pgr kxfmvmfdöb m embg kb zgbm "H" (kb `gb`k kxdstkb fdedkbtgs `k e¶ $;.0; q `
` k
u
fgbstruffdgbks mbtkrdgrks g dbstmcmfdgbks quk `dadfuctkb cm kxfmvmfdöb). m ]
g
t
Q:=.:6< Vghrkprkfdfdg
g pgr kxfmvmfdöb kb fkpms, pgr ek
ek``dgs ekf
ekfíbdfgsfgs, kb zgbm "H" (kb `gb`k e¶ $0.<0 b
k
kxdstkb fdedkbtgs `k fgbstruffdgbks mbtkrdgrks quk `dadfuctkb cm kxfmvmfdöb). e
u
f
g
@
Q:=.:64 Vghrkprkfd
fdg
g pgr kxfmvmfdöb
döb kb cg`g (fgb tdr
drm
mbtk `k moum), pgr ek
ek`
`dgs ek
ekffíbdfgs kb e¶ $=:.66
fkpms.
Q:=.:0: Vghrkprkfdg pgr kxfmvmfdöb embumc kb cg`g, (fgb tdrmbtk `k moum). e¶ $8=.;8
Q:=.::1 Madbk m embg `k agb`g `k kxfmvmfdöb kakftum`m pgr ek`dgs ekfíbdfgs, kspksgr e¸ $=;.<<
prgek`dg :.=; e emtkrdmc tdpg DD.
Q:=.::? Madbk m embg `k agb`g `k kxfmvmfdöb kakftum`m pgr ek`dgs ekfíbdfgs9 kspksgr e¸ $=:.;?
prgek`dg `k :.=; e emtkrdmc tdpg D.
Qdokbtk m pmrtdr `kc 81 `k nubdg `k 8:8: 4? Fmtícgog `k fgstgs `drkftgs `k vdvdkb`m
Q:=.::< Fmem `k mrkbm pmrm mpgyg `k tuhkråms, dbfcuyk> emtkrdmcks, embg `k ghrm, e¶ $016.;=
lkrrmedkbtm, mfmrrkgs y `kspkr`dfdgs ek`d`g fgepmftg.
Q:=.::4 Fmem `k tkzgbtck pmrm mpgyg `k tuhkråm, dbfcuyk> emtkrdmcks, embg `k ghrm, e¶ $;=4.:;
lkrrmedkbtm, mfmrrkgs y `kspkr`dfdgs ek`d`g fgepmftg.
Q:8.::8 Mfkrg `k rkaukrzg `k =/0" (Bg. 8), ay58,;6: io/fe¸ pmrm mrem`g `k fmnms `k fmå`m, io $86.;0
fd
fdst
stkr
krb
bms y fdfdek
ekbt
btmf
mfdg
dgbk
bkss dbfc
dbfcuy
uyk>
k> emtk
emtkrd
rdmc
mck
ks, `ks
kspk
pkrr`dfd
`dfdg,
g, trms
trmscm
cmpk
pks,
s, sd
sdcccckt
ktm
ms,
mcmehrk, lmhdcdtm`g, mrem`g, acktks, mfmrrkg y kckvmfdöb m fumcqudkr bdvkc.
Qdokbtk m pmrtdr `kc 81 `k nubdg `k 8:8: 4< Fmtícgog `k fgstgs `drkftgs `k vdvdkb`m
Q:8.::6 Mfkrg `k rkaukrzg `k ;/=1" (Bg.8.;) ay50,8:: io/fe¸ pmrm fmnms `k fmå`m, fdstk stkrbms y io $80.?6
fd
fdek
ekbbtm
tmfd
fdgb
gbk
ks, dbfc
dbfcuy
uyk>
k> emtk
emtkrd
rdm
mcks,
cks, `ks
kspk
pkrr`dfd
`dfdg
g, trms
trmscm
cmp
pks,
ks, sd
sdcccckt
ktm
ms, mcmeh
cmehrrk,
lmhdcdtm`g, mrem`g, acktks. mfmrrkg y kckvmfdöb m fumcqudkr bdvkc.
Q:8.::0 Mfkrg `k rkaukrzg `k 6/<" (Bg.6) ay50,8:: io/fe¸ pmrm fdekbtmfdgbks y fdstkrbms, io $8:.6:
dbfcuy
dbfcuyk>
k> emt
emtkrd
krdmck
mcks,
s, `ks
`kspkr
pkr`df
`dfdg,
dg, trmscm
trmscmpks
pks,, sdc
sdcckt
cktms,
ms, mcmehr
mcmehrk,
k, lmh
lmhdcdt
dcdtm`g
m`g,, mre
mrem`g
m`g,, ack
acktks
tks
y mfmrrkg. z
k
t
å
Q:8.::; Mfkrg `k rkaukrzg `k =/8" (Bg. 0) ay50,8:: io/fe¸ pmrm fdstkrbms y fdekbtmfdgbks, io $=4.<< b
k
db
dbfc
fcuy
uyk>
k> emtk
emtkrd
rdmc
mcks
ks,, `k
`ksp
spkr
kr`d
`dfd
fdg,
g, trms
trmscm
cmpk
pks,s, sd
sdcccckt
ktms
ms.. mcme
mcmehr
hrk,
k, lmhd
lmhdcdcdtm
tm`g
`g,, mrem
mrem`g
`g,, H
acktks, mfmrrkg y kckvmfdöb m fumcqudkr bdvkc. z
k
` c
.
b m
Q:8.::1 Mfkrg `k rkaukrzg `k ;/<" (Bg. ;), ay50,8:: io/fe¸ pmrm fdstkrbms y fdekbtmfdgbks, io $=4.;8 ä t
db
dbfc
fcuy
uyk>
k> emtk
emtkrd
rdmc
mcks
ks,, `k
`ksp
spkr
kr`d
`dfd
fdg,
g, trms
trmscm
cmpk
pks,s, sd
sdcccckt
ktms
ms,, mcme
mcmehr
hrk,
k, lmhd
lmhdcdcdtm
tm`g
`g,, mrem
mrem`g
`g,, E g
t
acktks, mfmrrkg y kckvmfdöb m fumcqudkr bdvkc. r g
g c
` m
m d
Q:8.::? Mfkrg `k rkaukrzg `k =" (Bg. <), ay50,8:: io/fe¸, pmrm fdstkrbms y fdekbtmfdgbks, io $=<.1< v f
c r
m m
db
dbfc
fcuy
uyk>
k> emtk
emtkrd
rdmc
mcks
ks,, `k
`ksp
spkr
kr`d
`dfd
fdg,
g, trms
trmscm
cmpk
pks,
s, sd
sdcccckt
ktms
ms,, mcme
mcmehr
hrk,
k, lmhd
lmhdcdcdtm
tm`g
`g,, mrem
mrem`g
`g,, V p
acktks, mfmrrkg y kckvmfdöb m fumcqudkr bdvkc. k d
u ö
b
q f
d
Q:8.:== Fdehrm`g y `ksfdehrm`g kb cgsms, trmhks y rmepms `k ksfmckrm fgb `ukcm pmrm e¸ $68;.18 r u
b h
d
mfmh
mfmhm`
m`gg fgeþ
fgeþb,
b, fgb
fgb mctu
mcturm
rm eíx
eíxdedem
m `k 6.::6.:: e kb ghrm
ghrm amcs
amcsm,
m, ek`d
ek`d`g `g pgr
pgr supk
supkra
radf
dfdk
dk `k r
K t
fgbt
fgbtmf
mftg
tg db
dbfc
fcuy
uyk>
k> emtk
emtkrd
rdmc
mcks
ks,, lmhd
lmhdcdcdtm
tm`g
`g,, bdvk
bdvkcm
cm`g
`g,, rksm
rksmbk
bks,
s, pkra
pkradcdcm`
m`g
g y fm
fmeh
ehdg
dg m cm s
m d
sdoudkbtk pgsdfdöb. f `
d
s
a g
å
m
m t
Q:8.:=8 Fdehrm`g y `ksfdehrm`g pmrm mfmhm`g fgeþb kb fdekbtmfdgbks, ek`d`m pgr e¸ $8;;.<4 b b
supkradfd
supkra dfdk
k `k fgb
fgbtmf
tmftg
tg dbf
dbfcuy
cuyk>
k> emt
emtkrd
krdmck
mcks,
s, lmh
lmhdcdt
dcdtm`g
m`g,, bdv
bdvkcm
kcm`g,
`g, emb
embg
g `k ghrm,
ghrm, fme
fmehdg
hdg g k
s v
m cm sdoudkbtk pgsdfdöb, mfmrrkgs y `kspkr`dfdgs. r
k u
p s
m m
c
Q:8.:8= Fgbfrktg msaíctdfg ekzfcm`g kb ghrm fgb msamctg AX-6, dbfcuyk> emtkrdmcks, e¶ $0,6?0.;: `
r d
h
`kspkr`df
`kspkr`dfdgs
dgs,, ekrems
ekrems,, mfm
mfmrrk
rrkgs,
gs, fmc
fmckbt
kbtmed
medkbt
kbtg
g k dbf
dbfgrp
grpgrm
grmfdö
fdöb
b `k msa
msamct
mctg
g y ekz
ekzfcm
fcm`g9
`g9 g d
ek`d`g fgepmftg. p l
g g
r
`
d p
r
d m
Q:8.:88 Fgbfrktg lkflg kb ghrm a'f5=:: io/fe¸, rksdstkbfdm bgremc, tmemýg eíxdeg `k e¶ $=,;8?.6? u
morkom`g `k =4 ee, dbfcuyk> emtkrdmcks, amhrdfmfdöb , mfmrrkgs y `kspkr`dfdgs. q `
k
` u
m ]
Q:8.:86 Fgbfrktg lkflg kb ghrm a'f
'f5
5=:: io/fe¸
fe¸, rksd
sdsstkbfdm bgremc, fgb tmemýg eí
eíxxdeg `k e¶ $=,;4?.1< g
t
morkom`g `k 6< ee, dbfcuyk> emtkrdmcks, amhrdfmfdöb, mfmrrkgs y `kspkr`dfdgs. b
k
e
u
f
Q:8.:80 Fgbfrktg lkflg kb ghrm a'f
'f5
5=;: io/fe¸
fe¸, rksd
sdsstkbfdm bgremc, fgb tmemýg eíeíxxdeg `k e¶ $=,1<=.?< g
morkom`g `k =4 ee dbfcuyk> emtkrdmcks,
e mtkrdmcks, amhrdfmfdöb, mfmrrkgs y `kspkr`dfdgs. @
Q:8.:6? Eurg `k 8< fe `k kspksgr, `k tmhdquk rgng rkfgfd`g, kb agrem `k fgbg, mskbtm`g fgb e¸ $;11.88
eg
egrt
rtkr
krg
g fk
fkek
ekbt
btg-
g-mr
mrkb
kbm
m =>0
=>0 dbfc
dbfcuy
uyk>
k> emtk
emtkrd
rdmc
mcks
ks,, embg
embg `k ghrm
ghrm,, fg
fgrt
rtks
ks,, mfmr
mfmrrk
rkgs
gs y
`kspkr`dfdgs.