Effects of Corruption

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Effects of Corruption in Kenya

Student’s Name: Isaac Ndungu Gathuru

Institution Affiliation: pwani university

Course: Com science

Instructor:Pbbndhj

Date: gnhdbsmnxj
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Corruption is a form of dishonesty or a criminal offense undertaken by a person or

an organization entrusted in a position of authority to acquire illicit benefits or abuse power

for personal gain. It is persistent in today's society affecting most civilizations. Among the

most known causes of corruption are the political and economic environment, professional

ethics and morality, and, obviously, habits, tradition, demography, and customs. Corruption

diminishes trust, weakens democracy, tampers economic development, and brings inequality,

poverty, social division, and the environmental crisis.The aim of this report is to elaborate

about corruption, its causes and consequences and its successful resolution (Finocchiaro

Castro et al., 2015) .

Corruption is moral disease that have embedded itself in our todays society.ita has

effect in the political, economic and social development.some of this effects are;

Rising illiberal populism

In general corruption increases inequality decreasing popular accountability and

political responsiveness thereby causing increasing annoyance and difficulties among citizens

who are likely to accept oppressive and unenlightened tactics.The tactics take blame for

economic insecurities and political depreciationonto immigrant or to the minority

groups(Enste et al., 2017) .

Organized crime and terrorism

Judicial officials and politicians corrupt through maybe for gifts ,favours and other

benefits .This cause rise in levels of violence, illegal drugs, prostitution, sexual slavery,

kidnapping and intimidation rise accordingly. Not only does organized crime cause

corruption, but opportunities for corruption left open by a weak, negligent or incapable State

can also lead to organized crime (Šumah, 2018) .

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Impunity and partial justice

When corruption pervades the justice system, people can no longer count on

prosecutors and judges to do their jobs.As the powerful may escape justice, citizens,

especially those with few resources or few powerful allies, may be unfairly accused of

crimes, deprived of due process, and wrongly imprisoned (Johnston, 1986).

Rigged economic and political systems

The above is actually profitable for corrupt actors.widespread patterns of private and

public corruption construct social systems that are rigged in the private interest.Citizens with

strong ethical principles (and citizens who lack significant funds, connections, favours to

dispense, "hard power" over others such as guns or private enforcers) lose representation,

influence, and power (Transparency International, 2019).

Diminished state capacity

Even if citizens were to adamantly demand that the problems listed above be

addressed, corruption undermines the power of politics. For example, to the extent that

bribery, trading in influence and state capture are widespread, political systems become

incapable of addressing social problems whose resolution would threaten vested interests.

Naturally, this is never acknowledged as such from within - state incapacity may manifest in

a great many distracting and misleading ways, such as wedge issues, political party

restructuring, the emergence of scandals and overwhelming outside issues that detract from

structural problems, and so on. Under conditions of state capture, political arbitrage can be

expected to occur in a highly strategic fashion. Issues will be played off against each other in

order to frustrate systemic reforms. Moreover, as Della Porta and Vannucci (2005) argue,

corruption compromises the ethos of public service and changes political culture so as to

render meaningful, public-spirited reforms virtually unthinkable.

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Increasing polarization and unrest

When corruption, in particular state capture, becomes the norm, this can lead to

polarization among citizens: those in support of corrupt regimes (because of kickbacks and

handouts) versus those opposed to them. In the presence of diametrically opposed groups in

society, compromise and reasoned discussion diminish. Policy is judged not on the basis of

ideology or a project's inherent merits, but on who the policy proponents are and what

benefits competing networks can reap.

When corruption, in particular state capture, becomes the norm, this can lead to

polarization among citizens: those in support of corrupt regimes (because of kickbacks and

handouts) versus those opposed to them (Transparency International, 2019). In the presence

of diametrically opposed groups in society, compromise and reasoned discussion diminish.

Policy is judged not on the basis of ideology or a project's inherent merits, but on who the

policy proponents are and what benefits competing networks can reap.

Human rights violations

The observation that corrupt rulers tend to view civil liberties as obstacles to the

consolidation of power can be traced back to many historical sources, including the collection

of eighteenth century essays on corruption and tyranny known as Cato's Letters. Most

recently of all, perhaps, the United Nations Office of the High Commission for Human Rights

(OHCHR) has noted significant connections between corruption and human rights violations

(Johnston, 1986). Not only do those who report and oppose corruption end up on the

receiving end of assassinations and human rights violations of many kinds, but also

corruption itself decreases State capacity to address violations of civil and political rights and

to make the necessary provisions to guarantee such rights, including socio-economic rights,

which often require complex initiatives on the part of governments. OHCHR calls corruption
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"a structural obstacle to the enjoyment of human rights" and has detailed many intersections

between these two areas.

Conclusion

From the above, it is clear corruption has negative effect to political, economic and

social organation of a society. The main causes of corruption are Rising illiberal populism,

diminished state, and human rights violation. The solution to it is law enforcement, self

discipline and strict and organised use of funds.

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References

Enste, Dominik, Heldman, & Christina. (2017). The causes and consequences of

corruption. Corruption and Criminal Justice, 34-

75. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781784715984.00007

Finocchiaro Castro, M., Guccio, C., Pignataro, G., & Rizzo, I. (2015). Is competition able to

mitigate the waste effects of corruption? Empirical findings on Italian public work

contracts. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2708790

Johnston, M. (1986). JSTOR: Access check. Digital Object Identifier

System. https://doi.org/10.2307/421694

Transparency International. (2019, November 10). What is

corruption? Transparency.org. https://www.transparency.org/en/what-is-corruption

Šumah, S. (2018, February 21). Corruption, causes and consequences. IntechOpen - Open

Science Open Minds | IntechOpen. https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/58969