Cambridge International Examinations

Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level

PHYSICS 9702/22

Paper 2 AS Level Structured Questions February/March 2022

MARK SCHEME

Maximum Mark : 60

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 9702/22 Qualification - Mark Scheme March 2022
FINAL MARK SCHEME

Cambridge Assessment International Education – Generic Marking Principles

These general marking principles must be applied by all examiners when marking candidate answers. They should be applied alongside the specific content of the
mark scheme or generic level descriptors for a question. Each question paper and mark scheme will also comply with these marking principles.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1:

Marks must be awarded in line with:
 the specific content of the mark scheme or the generic level descriptors for the question
 the specific skills defined in the mark scheme or in the generic level descriptors for the question
 the standard of response required by a candidate as exemplified by the standardisation scripts.
GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 2:
Marks awarded are always whole marks (not half marks, or other fractions).
GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 3:
Marks must be awarded positively:
 marks are awarded for correct/valid answers, as defined in the mark scheme. However, credit is given for valid answers which go beyond the scope of
the syllabus and mark scheme, referring to your Team Leader as appropriate
 marks are awarded when candidates clearly demonstrate what they know and can do
 marks are not deducted for errors
 marks are not deducted for omissions
 answers should only be judged on the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar when these features are specifically assessed by the question as
indicated by the mark scheme. The meaning, however, should be unambiguous.
GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 4:
Rules must be applied consistently e.g. in situations where candidates have not followed instructions or in the application of generic level descriptors.
GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 5:
Marks should be awarded using the full range of marks defined in the mark scheme for the question (however; the use of the full mark range may be limited
according to the quality of the candidate responses seen).
GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 6:
Marks awarded are based solely on the requirements as defined in the mark scheme. Marks should not be awarded with grade thresholds or grade descriptors
in mind.

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Science-Specific Marking Principles

1. Examiners should consider the context and scientific use of any keywords when awarding marks. Although keywords may be present, marks should not be
awarded if the keywords are used incorrectly.

2. The examiner should not choose between contradictory statements given in the same question part, and credit should not be awarded for any correct
statement that is contradicted within the same question part. Wrong science that is irrelevant to the question should be ignored.

3. Although spellings do not have to be correct, spellings of syllabus terms must allow for clear and unambiguous separation from other syllabus terms with which
they may be confused (e.g. ethane/ethene, glucagon/glycogen, refraction/reflection).

4. The error carried forward (ecf) principle should be applied, where appropriate. If an incorrect answer is subsequently used in a scientifically correct way, the
candidate should be awarded these subsequent marking points. Further guidance will be included in the mark scheme where necessary and any exceptions to
this general principle will be noted.

5. ‘List rule’ guidance (see examples below)

For questions that require n responses (e.g. State two reasons…):
 The response should be read as continuous prose, even when numbered answer spaces are provided
 Any response marked ignore in the mark scheme should not count towards n
 Incorrect responses should not be awarded credit but will still count towards n
 Read the entire response to check for any responses that contradict those that would otherwise be credited. Credit should not be awarded for any responses
that are contradicted within the rest of the response. Where two responses contradict one another, this should be treated as a single incorrect response. 
 Non-contradictory responses after the first n responses may be ignored even if they include incorrect science

6. Calculation specific guidance

Correct answers to calculations should be given full credit even if there is no working or incorrect working, unless the question states ‘show your working’.
For questions in which the number of significant figures required is not stated, credit should be awarded for correct answers when rounded by the examiner to
the number of significant figures given in the mark scheme. This may not apply to measured values.
For answers given in standard form, (e.g. a x 10n) in which the convention of restricting the value of the coefficient (a) to a value between 1 and 10 is not
followed, credit may still be awarded if the answer can be converted to the answer given in the mark scheme.
Unless a separate mark is given for a unit, a missing or incorrect unit will normally mean that the final calculation mark is not awarded. Exceptions to this
general principle will be noted in the mark scheme.

7. Guidance for chemical equations

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Multiples/fractions of coefficients used in chemical equations are acceptable unless stated otherwise in the mark scheme.
State symbols given in an equation should be ignored unless asked for in the question or stated otherwise in the mark scheme.

Examples of how to apply the list rule

State three reasons…. [3]

A 1. Correct  F 1. Correct 
2. Correct  2 (4 responses) 2. Correct 
2
3. Wrong  3. Correct 
CON (of 3.) (discount 3)

B 1. Correct, Correct , 
(4 responses) 2. Correct  3 G 1. Correct 
3. Wrong ignore (5 responses) 2. Correct 
3. Correct  3
Correct ignore
C 1. Correct  CON (of 4.) ignore
(4 responses) 2. Correct, Wrong ,  2
3. Correct ignore
H 1. Correct 
(4 responses) 2. Correct 
2
D 1. Correct  3. CON (of 2.) (discount 2)
(4 responses) 2. Correct, CON (of 2.) , (discount 2) 2 Correct 
3. Correct 
I 1. Correct 
E 1. Correct  (4 responses) 2. Correct 
2
 3. Correct 
(4 responses) 2. Correct 3
CON (of 2.) (discount 2)
3. Correct, Wrong 

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Abbreviations

/ Alternative and acceptable answers for the same marking point.

() Bracketed content indicates words which do not need to be explicitly seen to
gain credit but which indicate the context for an answer. The context does not
need to be seen but if a context is given that is incorrect then the mark should
not be awarded.
___ Underlined content must be present in answer to award the mark. This means
either the exact word or another word that has the same technical meaning.

Mark categories

B marks These are independent marks, which do not depend on other marks. For a B
mark to be awarded, the point to which it refers must be seen specifically in the
candidate’s answer.
M marks These are method marks upon which A marks later depend. For an M mark to
be awarded, the point to which it refers must be seen specifically in the
candidate’s answer. If a candidate is not awarded an M mark, then the later A
mark cannot be awarded either.
C marks These are compensatory marks which can be awarded even if the points to
which they refer are not written down by the candidate, providing subsequent
working gives evidence that they must have known them. For example, if an
equation carries a C mark and the candidate does not write down the actual
equation but does correct working which shows the candidate knew the
equation, then the C mark is awarded.
If a correct answer is given to a numerical question, all of the preceding C
marks are awarded automatically.  It is only necessary to consider each of the
C marks in turn when the numerical answer is not correct.
A marks These are answer marks.  They may depend on an M mark or allow a C mark
to be awarded by implication.

Annotations

 Indicates the point at which a mark has been awarded.

X Indicates an incorrect answer or a point at which a decision is made not to award a
mark.
XP Indicates a physically incorrect equation (‘incorrect physics’). No credit is given for
substitution, or subsequent arithmetic, in a physically incorrect equation.
ECF Indicates ‘error carried forward’. Answers to later numerical questions can always
be awarded up to full credit provided they are consistent with earlier incorrect
answers. Within a section of a numerical question, ECF can be given after AE, TE
and POT errors, but not after XP.
AE Indicates an arithmetic error. Do not allow the mark where the error occurs. Then

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follow through the working/calculation giving full subsequent ECF if there are no
further errors.
POT Indicates a power of ten error. Do not allow the mark where the error occurs. Then
follow through the working/calculation giving full subsequent ECF if there are no
further errors.
TE Indicates incorrect transcription of the correct data from the question, a graph, data
sheet or a previous answer. For example, the value of 1.6 × 10–19 has been written
down as 6.1 × 10–19 or 1.6 × 1019.
Do not allow the mark where the error occurs. Then follow through the
working/calculation giving full subsequent ECF if there are no further errors.
SF Indicates that the correct answer is seen in the working but the final answer is
incorrect as it is expressed to too few significant figures.
BOD Indicates that a mark is awarded where the candidate provides an answer that is
not totally satisfactory, but the examiner feels that sufficient work has been done
(‘benefit of doubt’).
CON Indicates that a response is contradictory.
I Indicates parts of a response that have been seen but disregarded as irrelevant.
M0 Indicates where an A category mark has not been awarded due to the M category
mark upon which it depends not having previously been awarded.
^ Indicates where more is needed for a mark to be awarded (what is written is not
wrong, but not enough). May also be used to annotate a response space that has
been left completely blank.
SEEN Indicates that a page has been seen.

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

1(a) Fv: kg m s–2 C1 first mark may be scored if base units of FV can be identified
from the layout of the candidates working.
k: kg m s–2 / m × m s–1 no ECF from first mark to second mark.
allow solidus notation throughout e.g. kg m / s2, m / s etc.
= kg m–1 s–1 A1 allow dimensions, e.g. MLT–2, in working but not in final
answer.
1(b) F = gV no mark for copying formula from Formulae Sheet.
first and second marks may be scored independently of
V = 4/3 ×  × (2.1 × 10–3)3 (=3.88 × 10–8 m3) C1 each other. No or wrong conversion mm to m is POT error.

 = 4.8 × 10–4 / 9.81 × V C1 For second mark ignore ‘Ah’ unless linked to V or 4/3r 3
use of g = 10 leading to 1200 kg m–3 scores 2/3 (loses 2nd
= 1300 kg m–3 A1 mark and then gets 3rd mark as ECF)

incorrect formula for V can score second C1 mark only (and

only award that mark if it is clear from the working that the
incorrect formula is being used to represent V and not
another quantity).
1(c)(i) W downwards, U upwards, Fv upwards B1 arrows can be any length and can be drawn anywhere on
Fig. 1.1 (only directions must be correct).
allow arrows to be up to 15º to the vertical.
arrows should be labelled with the given symbols
allow labels to be written in words.
allow just F/force for Fv
1(c)(ii) FV = 7.2 × 10–4 – 4.8 × 10–4 C1 not ECF from (c)(i)
= 2.4 × 10–4 (N)

velocity = 2.4 × 10–4 / (17 × 2.1 × 10–3) ECF a POT error in the radius if it has already been
= 6.7 × 10–3 m s–1 A1 penalised in (b).

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Question Answer Mark Guidance

2(a) force (on droplet of water) in horizontal direction is zero. B1 allow ‘no (resultant) horizontal force’
allow ‘(resultant) force does not have a horizontal component’
allow ‘(resultant/gravitational) force / weight is
vertical/down(wards)’
allow ‘(resultant/gravitational) force / weight is perpendicular to
the horizontal (component of velocity)’
allow ‘no (resultant) force acts on horizontal component (of
velocity)’
allow ‘it’ to mean the horizontal component of velocity.
ignore just ‘no/negligible (horizontal component of) air
resistance / resistive force’.
ignore just ‘gravity’, but allow ‘gravity force’ instead of weight.

2(b) (time taken =) 3.5 / 6.6 = 0.53 (s) A1 the calculation and the answer to 2 or more SF must both be
shown as this is a ‘show that’ type question.

2(c) s = ut + ½at 2 no mark for copying symbol equation from the Formulae Sheet

s = ½ × 9.81 × 0.532 C1 allow g = 10 as gives same answer to 2SF.

not ECF of a wrong value of time from (b).
h = 1.4 m A1 candidates may calculate an interim answer of v = 5.2 and then
use this with an alternative equation of uniform acceleration.
The C1 mark is then for the substitution of all values into that
alternative equation. i.e.
5.22 = 2 × 9.81 × s
or s = ½ × 5.2 × 0.53
or s = (5.2 × 0.53) – (½ × 9.81 × 0.532) (C1)
h = 1.4 m (A1)

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Question Answer Mark Guidance

2(d) displacement is straight-line distance (from P to Q) so allow ‘displacement is distance in a specified direction so less’.
less (than distance along path) allow ‘displacement is straight line/distance/length/path/route so
less’
or allow ‘distance (along path) is a curve/parabola so it is longer’

displacement is the shortest distance (from P to Q). B1 allow ‘displacement is shortest line/distance/length/path/route’
(no need to say ‘so less’ with this second type of response)
allow ‘it’ to mean ‘displacement’.
2(e) (displacement)2 = 3.52 + 1.42 C1 ECF value of h from (c).

displacement = 3.8 m A1 candidates may use trig. functions. i.e. tan =1.4/3.5 so =21.8.
displacement = 1.4 / sin 21.8
or displacement = 3.5 / cos 21.8 (C1)
displacement = 3.8 m (A1)
a wrong answer due to an incorrect trig function scores 0/2.

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Question Answer Mark Guidance

3(a) (m =) V C1 allow any subject and allow m = D×V or m = d×V
allow (m =) Avt for the C1 mark.
= 1.0 × 103 × 1.5 × 10–4 × 5.0 × 1.6 = 1.2 (kg) A1 allow 103 × 1.5 × 10–4 × 5 × 1.6 = 1.2
this is a ‘show that’ question and so need to see substitution of all
values and the final answer to a minimum of 2SF to score A1 mark.
3(b)(i) (∆)p = 1.2 × 5.0 not ECF from (b)(i) a wrong value of m.
= 6.0 N s A1 allow ±6.0 N s. allow correct answer to 1SF since equal to 6 exactly.
3(b)(ii) F = 6.0 / 1.6 or 1.2 × 5.0/1.6 ECF value of ∆p from (b)(i)
= 3.8 N A1 allow F = (Av 2 =) 1×103 × 1.5×10–4 × 52 = 3.8 N
allow ±3.8 N
3(c) Newton’s third law applies (so) 3.8 N. B1 The explanation must be given as well as the value of the force.
The unit is not required for the value of the force.
ECF the value of the force from (b)(ii).

Newton’s third law applies (so) same/equal magnitude/force (to that

in (b)(ii)).

Allow just ‘it / magnitude / force / force on wall / force by water

is equal/same as force on water / force by wall / in (b)(ii)’
(There is no need to state a numerical value of the force with this
second type of response which is both a statement and explanation).

Ignore ‘action (force) and reaction (force) are equal and opposite’.
3(d) p=F/A C1 allow any subject. Allow lower case f and a.
= 3.8 / 1.5 × 10–4 ECF value of F from (c) [Only ECF a value of F from (b)(ii) if the
= 2.5 × 104 Pa A1 candidate does not state a value of F in (c)]

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Question Answer Mark Guidance

4(a) ratio = 300 / 3200 allow final answer of 3/32 or 3:32 (BOD)
= 0.094 A1 allow 0.094/1 or 0.094:1
allow final answer to 1SF, but only if there isn’t a wrong
calculation shown (as 300J could be 1SF).

4(b) E = ½mv 2 or E  v 2 C1 allow E = kv 2 (where k is a constant)

ratio = (0.094)0.5 ECF from (a)
= 0.31 A1 allow 0.31/1 or 0.31:1
ignore just 9/1024 or 9:1024 (final answer not worked out).
allow final answer to 1SF, but only if there isn’t a wrong
calculation shown (as 300J could be 1SF).

4(c) work (done against frictional force) = 3200 – 300 (=2900) C1 allow W or ()E for ‘work’
length = 2900 / 76 not length = 3200/76 or length = 300/76 (XP and 0/2).
= 38 m A1

4(d)(i) E = ½kx 2 or E = ½Fx and F = kx C1 allow any subject. allow ∆L or e instead of x.

allow C1 mark only for 300 = ½kx 2 (BOD).
140 = ½ × 63 × x 2 or 140 = ½Fx and F = 63x

x = 2.1 m A1

4(d)(ii) percentage efficiency = (140 / 300) × 100

= 47% A1 not just 0.47 as final answer

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Question Answer Mark Guidance

4(d)(iii) curved line from the origin M1 allow sketched line to just miss origin (up to 1mm).
allow line drawn a short distance along x-axis near origin
(up to 5mm)
allow line to have short straight section(s) (as long as
clearly intended to be a curve).

gradient of line increases A1 graph line does not need to have zero gradient at origin.
allow line to be vertical at x = x0, but must not ‘hook back’.
allow line to have short straight section(s).
allow drawn line to end up to 3mm horizontally before
printed dashed line at x = x0. If it ends more than 3mm
before the dashed line, allow M1 mark but not the A1 mark.
ignore any part of drawn line before x = 0 and after x = x0.
The A1 mark cannot be scored without first scoring M1.

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Question Answer Mark Guidance

5(a)(i) (two) waves travelling (at same speed) in opposite directions allow ‘waves in opposite directions overlap’.
overlap B1 ignore just ‘opposite waves overlap’
allow ‘a wave reflects and overlaps’
ignore just ‘a wave reflects’ on its own
allow ‘meet/superpose/interfere/combine’ for ‘overlap’
ignore ‘different directions’

waves (of the same type) have same frequency/wavelength B1 ignore ‘similar frequency/wavelength’
ignore ‘constant frequency/wavelength’
ignore ‘same/similar amplitude’
ignore ‘waves are coherent / have constant phase
difference’
ignore just ‘waves are identical’

5(a)(ii) phase difference = 0 A1 allow ‘zero’.

allow 360º.

5(b)(i) fO = fS v / v–vS no mark for copying formula from Formulae Sheet

543 = f × 334 / (334 – 13) C1 allow any subject

f = 522 Hz A1 answer must be to 3SF as instructed (not less than or

more than 3SF). A SF error here does not count as the
‘once per paper’ SF error.
use of 543 = f (334 + 13) / 334 so f = 523Hz is XP 0/2.

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Question Answer Mark Guidance

5(b)(ii) (the speed is) decreasing B1 allow ‘decreases / reduces / gets less / is less / is
slower’ etc (BOD)
allow ‘decelerating / decelerates’
ignore ‘speed is slower than first time horn operated’
not explicit reference to a constant/fixed speed.
not reference to fixed value of speed (e.g. states a
value less than 13)

5(c)(i) I  A2 B1 allow I = kA2 with any value of k, so allow I = A2.

allow IT / I0 = (AT / A0)2 or IT / I0 = (A0 cos / A0)2
allow (IT / I0)0.5 = AT / A0
allow A  I 0.5
allow ‘a’ for ‘A’.

IT / I0 = cos2 20 or AT / A0 = cos 20 C1 allow ratio = cos 20 (BOD)

allow subscript T to be missing.

ratio = 0.94 A1 allow 0.94/1 or 0.94:1

allow final answer to 1SF, but only if there isn’t a wrong
calculation shown (as 20º could be 1SF).

5(c)(ii) angle = 140 A1 allow answer of 40 (filter rotated in opposite direction)

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Question Answer Mark Guidance

6(a)(i) P = VI C1 allow P = V 2/R and V = IR or P = I 2R (C1)
I = 36 / 8.0 R = 1.78 so I = 8.0/1.78 or I = (36/1.78)0.5
= 4.5 A A1 I = 4.5 A (A1)
6(a)(ii) charge = 4.5 × 50 C1 allow Q or q for charge. ECF value of I from (a)(i).
= 225
number = 225 / 1.6 × 10–19 allow N or n for number
= 1.4 × 1021 A1
6(a)(iii) R = V2 / P or R = V/I or R = P / I2 C1 allow any subject
= 8.02 / 36 or = 8.0 / 4.5 or = 36 / 4.52 ECF value of I from (a)(i)
= 1.8  A1
6(b) R = L / A C1 allow any subject.

L = (1.8 × 0.25 × 10–6) / 1.4 × 10–6 ECF value of R from (a)(iii).

= 0.32 m A1
6(c) (larger cross-sectional area, same length, same resistivity allow ‘(area/A increases, same , same L so) R decreases’
and so) less resistance M1

(same p.d. and more current so) more power (dissipated) A1 allow ‘(pd/emf/V constant and I increases so) P increases’
allow ‘it’ to mean ‘power’
The A1 mark cannot be scored without first scoring M1 mark.
6(d) current (in wire) is the same M1 allow ‘I (in wire) is constant’
allow ‘current in the circuit is the same’ (BOD)
not ‘current in the battery is the same’

(same p.d. across wire so) power stays the same A1 allow ‘(pd/V is constant so) P is constant’
allow ‘it’ to mean ‘power’
The A1 mark cannot be scored without first scoring M1 mark.

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Question Answer Mark Guidance

7(a)(i) (electron) neutrino B1 ignore any symbol except for antineutrino symbol (as the name
is required).
allow misspellings of neutrino that sound the same e.g.
nuetrino, nutrino, netreno.
not ‘antineutrino’

7(a)(ii) nucleon number = 22 A1

proton number = 10 A1

7(a)(iii) up up down changes to up down down allow uud  udd

or
up changes to down B1 allow u  d
allow quarks shown as upward and downward pointing arrows.
allow u  d + + +  (ignore any correct/incorrect leptons)
not ‘neutron changes to a proton’.

7(b)(i) charge = – ⅔ e A1 allow –0.67e

7(b)(ii) antiup / anticharm / antitop B1 allow ‘up antiquark’ or ‘charm antiquark’ or ‘top antiquark’
allow u, c , t
mark this question part completely separately to (b)(i).
not ECF from (b)(i).

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