Càlcul - Enginyeria Biomèdica

Pràctica 5
Indefinite Integrals (Strang, ch. 5, p. 200.) , Definite Integrals (Strang, ch. 5, p. 205.) ,
Properties of the Integral and Average Value (Strang, ch. 5, p. 212.) , Fundamental Theorem of
Calculus (Strang, ch. 5, p. 219.) .

1. Find the indefinite integrals:

√
Z Z
1
(a) 2 + x dx (add +C) (f) √ dt Sol: arcsin t + C.
1 − t2
Sol: 32 (2 + x)3/2 + C. t3
Z
Z
n+1 (g) √dt
(b) (x + 1)n dx Sol: (x+1) +C, n 6= −1. 1 + t2
n+1
2 √
Z 6
Sol: t 3−2 1 + t2 + C.

5 (x2 +1) √
(c) x2 + 1 x dx Sol: 12 + C. Z
1+ x
(h) √ dx Sol: 2x1/2 + x + C.
Z x
4
(d) cos3 x sin x dx Sol: − cos4 x
+ C. Z
Z (i) sec x tan x dx Sol: sec x + C.
3
(e) cos2 (2x) sin (2x) dx Sol: − cos 6(2x) + Z
C. (j) cos x tan x dx Sol: − cos x + C.

2. If v (x) = df /dx, find C:

Z b Z 1
3
Z C
2
(a) v (x) dx = f (b) + C Sol: C = −f (2) . (d) x −1 2x dx = u3 du Sol:
2 0 −1
Z 3 C = 0.
(b) v (t) dt = −f (x) + C Sol: C = f (3) . Z b
x
(e) v (−x) dx = C
Z x a
(c) v (t) dt = f (t)+C (careful) Sol: f (t) (change −x to t; also dx and limits) Sol:
1
is wrong. C = f (−a) − f (−b).

3. Choose u (x) in the integrals and change the limits. Compute the integral (except 3c).
Z 1
1 2 10
Z

10
Example: x2 + 1 x dx = u du = . . .
0 2 1
where we used the changes:

u (x) = x2 + 1 ⇒ du = 2x dx,
x1 = 0 ⇒ u1 = 02 + 1,
x2 = 1 ⇒ u2 = 12 + 1.
Z π/4
(do not choose u (x) = tan x).
(a) tan x sec2 x dx
0
Sol: u = sec x, 1/2.
(choose u (x) = tan x).
Z 2
1
Sol: u = tan x, 1/2. (c) dx ;(use u = 1/x). Sol:
Z π/4 1 x
(b) sec2 x tan x dx R 1/2
− 1 u1 du.
0
 Rx
4. (a) If df /dx = +v (x) and f (0) = 3, find f (x). Sol: f (x) = 3 + 0 v (t) dt.
Rx
(b) If df /dx = +v (x) and f (3) = 0, find f (x). Sol: f (x) = 3 v (t) dt.

5. Find the average value v (x) between a and b, and find all points c where vave = v (c):

(a) v = x4 , a = −1, b = 1 Sol: c = ±5−1/4 .

(b) v = cos2 x, a = 0, b = π Sol: c = π4 and c = 3π

4 .
√
(c) v = 1/x2 , a = 1, b = 2 Sol: c = 2.

6. True or False? Give a reason or an example.

Rx
(a) The minimum of 4 v (t) dt is at x = 4. Sol: False
R x+3
(b) The value of x v (t) dt does not depend on x. Sol: False

(c) The ratio (f (b) − f (a)) / (b − a) is the average value of f (x) on a ≤ x ≤ b. Sol: False

(d) If l (x) ≤ v (x) ≤ u (x) then dl/dx ≤ dv/dx ≤ du/dx. Sol: False

(e) The average of v (x) from 0 to 2 plus the average from 2 to 4 equals the average from 0 to
4. Sol: False

7. (a) The averages of cos x and |cos x| from 0 to π are .

Sol: 0 and 2/π.
(b) The average of numbers v1 , . . . , vn is than the average of |v1 | , . . . , |vn |.
Sol: less or equal.

8. The voltage V (t) = 220 cos (2π/60 t) has frequency 60 hertz and amplitude 220 volts. Find Vave
from 0 to t.

Sol: 6600 2π


πt sin 60 t .
1
9. (a) Show that veven = 2 (v(x) + v(−x)) is always even.
Sol: Check veven (−x) = veven .
1
(b) Show that vodd = 2 (v(x) − v(−x)) is always odd.
Sol: Check vodd (−x) = −vodd .

10. By Exercise 9 or otherwise, write (x + 1)3 and 1/ (x + 1) as an even function plus an odd function.

1 x
Sol: 3x2 + 1 + x3 + 3x ; 1−x


2 − 1−x2 .

11. Find the derivatives of the following functions F (x):

1
Sol: F 0 (x) = v (x + 1) − v (x).
Z
(a) cos 3t dt Sol: − cos 3x.
x
1 x 2
Z
sin2 x
2
(e) sin t dt Sol: F 0 (x) = x −
x 0
Z
3
(b) u du Sol: F 0 (x) = 0. 1
Rx 2
0 x2 0
sin t dt.
Z x
Z x2
(c) u3 du Sol: F 0 (x) = 2x7 . (f) (df /dt)2 dt
1 0
 2
x+1 df
Sol: F 0 (x) =
Z
dx .
(d) v(t) dt (a “running average” of v)
x
 Z x
(g) v(−t) dt Sol: F 0 (x) = v (−x) . Sol: F 0 (x) = v (x) u (x) .
0 Z b(x)
Z x (j) 5 dt Sol: F 0 (x) = 5 [b0 (x) − a0 (x)] .
(h) sin t2 dt a(x)
−x
Z f (x)
Sol: F 0 (x) = 2 sin x2 . df
(k) dt Sol: F 0 (x) = f 0 (f (x)) ·
Z x 0 dt
(i) u(t)v(t) dt f 0 (x) .
0