Part 1—Objective

1. In a __________, each item in the population has the same chance of being included in the sample.

2. A sample should have at least how many observations? (10, 30, 100, 1,000, no size restriction)

3. When a population is divided into groups based on some characteristic, such as region of the country, the
groups are called _____________

4. The difference between a sample mean and the population mean is called the ___________

5. A probability distribution of all possible sample means for a particular sample size is the __________

6. Suppose a population consisted of 10 individuals and we wished to list all possible samples of size 3. If
sampling is without replacement, how many samples are there? _____________

7. What is the name given to the standard deviation of the distribution of sample means? __________

8. The mean of all possible sample means is the population mean. (Always larger than, always smaller than,
always equal to, not a constant relationship with) _____________

9. If we increase the sample size from 10 to 20, the standard error of the mean will _____ (increase, decrease,
stay the same, the result is not predictable)

10. If a population follows the normal distribution, what will be the shape of the distribution of sample means?
____________

Solution:

1. Random sample
2. No size restriction
3. Strata
4. Sampling error
5. Sampling distribution of sample means
6. 120
7. Standard error of the mean
8. Always equal
9. Decrease
10. Normal distribution

Q. Americans spend a mean of 12.2 minutes per day in the shower. The distribution of time spent in the
shower follows the normal distribution with a population standard deviation of 2.3 minutes. What is the
likelihood that the mean time in the shower per day for a sample of 12 Americans is 11 minutes or less?

Solution:
11 − 12.2
𝑧 = = −1.8,
2.3
√12
P ( z < −1.81) = .5000 − .4649 = .0351